The meeting site of the National Congress of the Party has been changing with the changes in the domestic and international situation. The meeting site has been selected in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Moscow and Yan'an. Since the Eighth National Congress of the Party in 1956, all

Do you know where the party’s previous National Congress is located?

Xu Ping

Since its establishment in July 1921, the Communist Party of China has held nineteen national congresses. The meeting site of the National Congress of the Party has been changing with the changes in the domestic and international situation. The meeting site has been selected in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Moscow and Yan'an. Since the Eighth National Congress of the Party in 1956, all national congresses have been held in Beijing.

The First Congress of the Communist Party of China: 921 On the evening of July 23, 1921, The First National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai, with the meeting site at No. 106 Wangzhi Road, French Concession (now No. 76 Xingye Road, ). As the largest city in China at that time, Shanghai's industrialization, modernization and internationalization provided the most suitable geographical environment for the convening of of the Party Congress of . The site is a house in Shikumen. It was built in 1920 and is the residence of brother Li Hanjun, Li Shucheng. The venue is located in the reception room downstairs, with an area of ​​only 18 square meters. On the night of the sixth meeting of the conference, due to interference from the police spies in the French Concession, the delegates unanimously agreed that the meeting could not be held in Shanghai. Some people proposed to attend a meeting in Hangzhou, and some people also suggested that Hangzhou was too prosperous and easily exposed. Mrs. Li Da who was present at the time, Wang Huiwu proposed: "It is better to go to my hometown, Jiaxing Nanhu, for a meeting. It is very close to Shanghai and easy to hide." Everyone thought this arrangement was very appropriate. In the later stage of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, it was held on a cruise ship transferred from Shanghai to Nanhu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province.

Site of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, No. 76 Xingye Road, Shanghai,

Site of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China became a memorial hall after 1952 and was announced as a Shanghai cultural relics protection unit in May 1959. It was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 1961, and in June 1997 it became a national demonstration base for patriotic education.

Jiaxing Nanhu First Congress of the Communist Party of China

Second Congress of the Communist Party of China : 922, the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai. The meeting was No. 625, Fudeli, South Chengdu Road (now No. 30, Lane 7, Lao Chengdu North Road). Due to the rebellion of Chen Jiongming and the revolution, the political situation in Guangzhou was quite complicated. The Second Congress of the Communist Party of China chose to hold it in Shanghai. The meeting site was the residence of Li Da, a member of the Communist Party of China and the then propaganda director of the Central Bureau. When the Second Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on July 16, 1922, Li Da’s wife Wang Huiwu held the child and kept a watch at the door, paying attention to the pedestrians coming and going.

951, , the address of the Second Congress of the Communist Party of China, was confirmed. In May 1959, the Second Congress site was announced as a Shanghai Cultural Relics Protection Unit. In 2002, the Memorial Hall of the Second Congress of the Communist Party of China was opened to the public. On March 5, 2013, the site of the Second Congress of the Communist Party of China was announced by the State Council as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

The Second Congress of the Communist Party of China is located at No. 625 Fudeli, Nan Chengdu Road, Shanghai,

The Third Congress of the Communist Party of China: From June 12 to 20, 1923, the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Guangzhou. The meeting was No. 31, Dongshan, Guangzhou (No. 3, Xiangyuan Road today). On the eve of the Three Major, due to changes in the revolutionary situation and the requirements of Communist International , the Party Central Committee had moved from Shanghai to Guangzhou, and the three major conference sites naturally moved to Guangzhou. To this end, Chen Duxiu, Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Xiang Jingyu, Qu Qiubai, Zhang Tailei and Ma Lin came to Guangzhou in advance to prepare and temporarily rented an ordinary building with two-story brick and wood structure as the venue. The room downstairs is the conference room, and the room on the north is the dining room. The two rooms upstairs are dormitories, and some representatives live here.

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CCP 3 Conference Memorial Hall

Four Conference of the Communist Party of China: 925, the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai. The meeting was No. 8, Lane 28, Lane 254, Dongbaoxing Road, Hongkou District. In early September 1923, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China moved back to Shanghai from Guangzhou, so it decided to hold the four major groups in Shanghai. The site was near the Songhu Railway in Zhabei, and the Chinese border west of the North Sichuan Road was adjacent to the concession. This is a three-story building, , Shikumen house, , which is relatively hidden and not easy to be noticed by police detectives. The meeting was held on the second floor, and the venue was arranged in the shape of a classroom as a cover. The third floor room serves as a temporary dormitory represented by some.

The Fourth Congress of the Communist Party of China No. 8, Lane 28, Lane 254, Dongbaoxing Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai (the original site has been destroyed, this is a model picture)

The Fourth Congress of the Communist Party of China was destroyed in the "January 28" Songhu War in 1932. On November 17, 1987, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government announced that the four major ruins of the Communist Party of China were the Shanghai Revolutionary Memorial site. In 1995, the Shanghai Municipal Cultural Administration Commission commemorated the stone at the site. In 2006, the four major historical materials exhibition halls of the Communist Party of China were established at No. 215 Duolun Road, and were officially opened to the public on July 1 of the same year. In 2011, the Four Memorial Halls of the Communist Party of China were planned to be built at No. 31468, Sichuan North Road, , and officially opened on September 7, 2012.

The Four Memorial Halls of the Communist Party of China

The Five Congress of the Communist Party of China: 927-May 9, 1927, the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Wuhan. The meeting site was the National Wuchang No. 20, Dufudi, Wuchang). After the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup in 1927, the revolution suffered a serious failure. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has found it difficult to gain a foothold in Shanghai. The National Government of Wuhan still maintained the situation of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. In this way, the Party Central Committee and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League decided to move to Wuhan. In accordance with the established arrangements and the instructions of the Communist International, the Party Central Committee decided to hold the Five National Congresses in Wuhan. The Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held secretly, one to avoid aggravating the "redness" of the Wuhan government, and the other to prevent reactionary attacks. The five major held at the Wuchang Higher Normal First Affiliated Primary School also played a smoke screen role, because all representatives were transferred the next day. After that, the venue was moved to the Huangpi Association Hall near the suburbs of Hankou .

The Fifth Congress of the Communist Party of China

In October 2006, the Wuhan Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Wuhan Municipal People's Government decided to build a memorial hall based on the former site. In November 2007, the Memorial Hall of the Five Congresses of the Communist Party of China was completed and opened.

Memorial Hall of the Five Congresses of the Communist Party of China

Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China: From June 18 to July 11, 1928, The Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union. The meeting was the "Silver Villa" in Zvinigorod Town, suburb of Moscow. After the failure of the Great Revolution, due to the extremely serious white terror in the country at that time, it was difficult to find a safe place to convene the National Congress of the Party. In addition, the Fourth Congress of the Red Workers International, the Sixth Congress of the Communist International and the Fifth Congress of the Young Communist International will be held in Moscow in the spring and summer of 1928. Considering that the Communist Party of China will send representatives to attend these meetings by then, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is also eager to obtain timely guidance from the Communist International, it decided to convene the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China in Moscow. In March 1928, the Communist International called to agree. Since late April 1928, central leaders such as Qu Qiubai and Zhou Enlai and more than 100 representatives have secretly traveled to Moscow in batches. The preparations, the routes for representatives to go to Moscow, the locations of the meetings, etc. are carried out under strict confidentiality. From June 18 to July 11, 1928, the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was secretly held in the "Silver Villa" near May Day Village, Zvinigorod Town, suburbs of Moscow.

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 This proposal was enthusiastically supported by Putin. On March 23, 2013, President Xi Jinping attended the launching ceremony of the construction of the Memorial Hall of the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Moscow.

Permanent exhibition hall of the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China

Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of China : 945-June 11, 1945, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Yan'an, with the meeting site being the Yangjialing Central Auditorium. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, on December 23, 1937, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee made a resolution on convening the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Due to the urgency of the struggle against the enemy in the early stages of the Anti-Japanese War, the work of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in the preparations for the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was affected, and the meeting period had to be postponed many times. It was not held until the turn of spring and summer in 1945 before the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan. The seventh conference site of

was investigated and compared as early as 1940, and finally determined Yangjialing in Yan'an. As the bases grow, the original representative quota cannot adapt to the requirements of the new situation. In accordance with the requirements of the central government, local party organizations elected some representatives. This requires a larger auditorium. Therefore, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to build an Central Auditorium in Yangjialing that can accommodate thousands of people. It was designed by Yang Zuocai of the Yan'an Academy of Natural Sciences at that time. In addition to local construction workers, cadres and staff from central organs and military academies also participated in voluntary labor. The Central Auditorium began to be built in 1941 and was completed in 1942, covering an area of ​​1,056 square meters. It could be called a "magnificent building" at that time.

The Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China

947, the central auditorium of the Seventh National Congress site was severely damaged by the Kuomintang troops. In 1954, the People's Government repaired it as it is. Some sporadic repairs were also carried out in the 1960s. In 1996, in order to welcome the 60th anniversary of the Party Central Committee's entry into Yan'an, the former residence and office sites of the Party Central Committee leaders and the Party Central Committee organs in Yangjialing were comprehensively repaired, and the central auditorium was partially renovated. In 1997, on the eve of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Seventh National Congress site was repaired in a relatively comprehensive manner.

Yangjialing Central Auditorium in Yan'an

Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China: 956 From September 15 to 27, 1956, the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing. The meeting was National Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Auditorium. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, as the capital and the location of the Party Central Committee, the National Congress held by our party was naturally held in Beijing. Since the Great Hall of the People in Beijing had not yet been planned to be built at that time, as one of the earliest important buildings in New China, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference auditorium, which was completed in 1956, naturally became the main venue of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Auditorium

In the spring of 1954, Premier Zhou Enlai instructed to build a large auditorium for the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, which can accommodate 1,200 people for meetings. Since the construction of the CPPCC auditorium is a project directly under the central government, all units participating in the construction attach great importance to it, sending the most famous engineers to design and the best construction team to construct, the project quality is first-class. From design to construction, in a total of one year, the first large-scale multi-functional political venue for New China was built, which was a miracle at that time and now.

On June 21, 2018, the "Site of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China" was listed in the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Hall

Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China: From April 1 to 24, 1969, the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing, with the meeting site being Great Hall of the People .

The Great Hall of the People is the place where the National People's Congress meets and the office space of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and an important place for the political activities of the Party Central Committee, the State Council and various people's organizations. The Great Hall of the People is 336 meters long from north to south and 206 meters wide from east to west. The highest part is 46.5 meters, covering an area of ​​150,000 square meters and a building area of ​​171,800 square meters. It consists of three parts: ,000-person auditorium , 5,000-person banquet hall and the office building of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

The majestic Great Hall of the People

The Great Hall of the People, the Chinese Revolutionary Museum and the Chinese History Museum , Military Museum , Beijing Railway Station, Workers' Stadium, etc., are the "Top Ten Buildings of the Capital" for the tenth anniversary of the National Day.In August 1958, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo in Beidaihe, proposing that in order to welcome the upcoming tenth anniversary of the founding of New China, it was decided to build a number of public buildings in Beijing as a gift for the National Day to show the great achievements made by the young republic. From the establishment of the construction tasks of the National Day project in September 1958 to the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in September 1959, the "Top Ten Buildings in the Capital" were completed and completed at an incredible speed, becoming a miracle in the history of urban architecture in China and abroad.

Twelve marble door posts on the main entrance of the Great Hall of the People, with a diameter of 2 meters and a height of 25 meters

The Great Hall of the People holds the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference every year. Starting from the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, all the National Congresses of the Communist Party of China have also been held here. The upcoming 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China will also be held in the Great Hall of the People.

Finally, for the sake of memory, let’s briefly summarize: The first, second and fourth majors are in Shanghai, the three majors are in Guangzhou, the five majors are in Wuhan, the six majors are in Moscow, the seven majors are in Yan'an, and the eight majors are in Beijing after the eight majors.

Do you know how long is the meeting period of the Party’s previous National Congresses

?

How long does the National Congress of the Communist Party of China hold at one time? There are no specific regulations on Party Constitution . Looking back at the previous National Congress of the Party, the length of the meeting was not fixed. It ranged from 8 days to more than 10 days in the early stage. The longest time was the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which lasted for 50 days. After the founding of New China, the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was relatively long, with 24 days; the Tenth National Congress was the shortest, with only 5 days. Since the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the National Congress of the Party has been basically fixed for about one week. The National Congress of the Party shall calculate the opening day as the first day, and then calculate the closing day as the last day.

First Congress of the Communist Party of China (1921)

Time: July 23-early August Location: Shanghai, Jiaxing

First Congress of the Communist Party of China opened 0 days . One was opened on July 23, 1921, and this was a conclusion. However, the exact date of the last day of the meeting and the closing date are different, and the memories and archival records of the parties involved are different.

Regarding the date of the closing of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, the first volume of "History of the Communist Party of China" (2011 edition of the Communist Party of China History Press) is:

As the meeting could not continue to be held in Shanghai, the representatives moved to Nanhu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang in batches and held the last day's meeting on a cruise ship. This last day's meeting is the Nanhu Conference. Also note: At present, the historical community has several different statements about the closing dates of the First National Congress of the Party, including July 30, July 31, August 1, August 2, August 3, and August 5.

, a research group led by the Jiaxing Municipal Party Committee, has been launched for five years, "Research on the Jiaxing Nanhu Conference of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China" (2018 edition of the Communist Party of China History Press) has made significant contributions to solving this century-old mystery. It is confirmed that the Jiaxing Nanhu Conference of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China is the closing time of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China on August 3, 1921.

Second Congress of the Communist Party of China (1922)

Time: July 16th to July 23rd Place: Shanghai

Conference held 8 days .

The Third Congress of the Communist Party of China (1923)

Time: June 12-June 20 Location: Guangzhou

Conference was held for 9 days.

The Four Congresses of the Communist Party of China (1925)

Time: January 11-January 22 Location: Shanghai

Conference was held for 12 days.

National Congress of the Communist Party of China (1927)

Time: April 27th to May 9th Place: Wuhan

conference held for 13 days.

CCP meeting address

Overall, the meeting period is about 10 days from the first to the five major groups.

Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (1928)

Time: June 18th to July 11th Location: Moscow, Soviet Union

The number of representatives of the Sixth National Congress increased significantly compared with the previous few times. The meeting lasted 24 days, far exceeding the first five times.

Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (1945)

Time: April 23-June 11 Location: Yan'an

945 On April 23, 2019, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China officially opened in the Central Auditorium of Yangjialing, Yan'an, and it opened for 50 days. In fact, the Seventh National Congress was originally scheduled to have a short meeting period, and did not arrange so many meetings, nor did they prepare so many speeches. After the conference began, the delegates demanded an extension, and the number of spokespersons of the conference also exceeded the original number. In addition to Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi, Chen Yun, Peng Dehuai, Zhang Wentian, Li Fuchun, Chen Yi, , Ye Jianying, Yang Shangkun, Liu Bocheng, Peng Zhen, Nie Rongzhen, Zhu Rui, Lu Dingyi, Ulanfu, Bogu , Gao Gang, Wu Yuzhang, Xu Teli, etc., their speeches were generally welcomed by the conference. The presidium of the conference made a special discussion and decided to extend the meeting period, and the meeting agenda continued to change.

Since the seven majors and six majors are separated by 17 years, there are many problems that need to be discussed and solved and clarified. At the same time, considering that the more than 700 representatives attending the meeting went through hardships to arrive in Yan'an. Due to the war, the representatives' journey to Yan'an was very difficult, many of which were to pass through enemy-occupied areas, or even risk their lives. Some representatives even set off from the first winter and walked for several months. It is not easy to go back and forth. The conference also intends to arrange for a rest. The meeting period is relatively relaxed, and there are also an adjoining day in between. Therefore, the Seventh National Congress meeting was repeatedly postponed until it ended on June 11, with a duration of 0 days , the highest in all previous party congresses.

8th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (1956)

Time: September 15th to September 27th Location: Beijing

conference held for 13 days, which is much shorter than the seventh National Congress.

Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (1969)

Time: April 1-April 24 Location: Beijing

conference held for 24 days.

The Ninth National Congress was less than half of the Seventh National Congress, but it was still relatively long in previous National Congresses.

The Tenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (1973)

Time: August 24th to August 28th Place: Beijing

meeting only took place for 5 days. It was 19 days shorter than the Ninth National Congress, and it was the shortest time for the meeting in all previous Party Congresses. Moreover, since the Tenth National Congress, few of the National Congresses of the Party have been in the past 10 days.

The 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (1977)

Time: August 12-August 18 Location: Beijing

conference held for 7 days.

The 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (1982)

Time: September 1-September 11 Location: Beijing

conference held for 11 days. It is the only conference in more than 10 days since the Top 10.

The 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (1987)

Time: October 25th to November 1st Place: Beijing

meeting was held for 8 days.

The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (1992)

Time: October 12-October 18 Location: Beijing

meeting held for 7 days. Since the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the duration of the Party’s national congresses has been fixed for one week.

The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (1997)

Time: September 12-September 18 Location: Beijing

meeting was held for 7 days.

The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (2002)

Time: November 8th to November 14th Place: Beijing

meeting was held for 7 days.

The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (2007)

Time: October 15th to October 21st Place: Beijing

conference held for 7 days.

18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (2012)

Time: November 8th to November 14th Place: Beijing

conference held for 7 days.

19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (2017)

Time: October 18th to October 24th Place: Beijing

conference held for 7 days.

The venue of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (Picture source: Xinhuanet)

Finally, let’s briefly summarize the periods of the previous National Congress of the Party:

The first to fifth National Congress, 8-13 days; the sixth to ninth National Congress, except for the eighth National Congress, the time is relatively long, at least more than 20 days, and the longest is 50 days; the tenth National Congress is the shortest, only 5 days; the 11th National Congress to 13th National Congress, 7-11 days; starting from the 14th National Congress, the periods of the previous National Congress of the Party have been fixed for one week.

Source: PLA Daily

Author: Xu Ping (Military History Expert)