Tangwan
Tangwan Town Location Map (Part 1934 "Shanghai Regional Map")
Tangwan Town is located 13 kilometers southeast of the district government station Xinzhuang , located on the left bank of the confluence of Cherry River and Yutang River. It is a rural town with a history of more than 500 years.
Tangwan is named after its location in the bay of Yutang River. The street market has appeared in Tangwan for quite a long time. Two old-style buildings on the original Central Street are arranged in the opposite street, and are said to have a history of more than 200 years (the two buildings were burned by the Japanese invaders in 1939). More than a hundred years ago, the Tongzhi "Shanghai County Chronicles" called Tangwan Town the "city". It can be seen that at that time, Tangwan Town was already a lively place where people gathered to trade nearby.
published the book "Xiangzhu Continued" by Qin Xitian's "The Monument to the 30th Anniversary of the Establishment of Tangwan Primary School"
In the early days of the Republic of China, Tangwan Town was the political, economic and cultural center of the Tangwan area. In 1913, Tangwan Primary School was founded on the east side of Central Street. In 1930, the second district office of Shanghai County and the Tangwan Police Station were established in the town. In 1932, a People's Education Hall was opened on the east side of Qianjin Street. In 1948, an auditorium covering an area of 140 square meters was built behind the primary school. It was later renovated in 1958 and renovated into the auditorium in 1965.
1959 students of Tangwan Central School took a photo in front of the auditorium
Before the Anti-Japanese War, Qianjin Street, Zhennan Street, Central Street and Sanxin Street were arranged in I-shaped. There are many shops in four streets and markets, and the city is recruiting high-end stores, especially Central Street, which is the most concentrated. There are 60 or 70 shops of various types in the town, with many categories and complete food and use.
In 1939, during the fall of
, Tangwan Town suffered an unprecedented catastrophe. Most of the houses in Qianjin, Zhennan and Central Street were burned by the Japanese invaders, and more than half of the buildings in the town were destroyed. It was only after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
Tangwan Old Street
In terms of transportation, the roads were originally connected to Beiqiao Town in 1938. After 1949, Tangwan Town has undergone new changes. In 1952, Yutang River was cut into straight corners and took the straight line, and passed through Panjiabang to go straight out of the Huangpu River, which was also called Yutang River. In 1957, the North Wu Road (from Beiqiao to Wujing) was built in Zhenbei, and the transportation was more convenient.
Tangwan Town Picture (1986)
Since the 1970s, the street has gradually widened, and the center street has moved eastward and straightened to the south street, that is, a batch of buildings are built from south to north on the east side of the center street, forming a new opposite street with the original center street, called North Street. On the south side of Sanxin Street, hardware and department stores were built, and the street surface and North Street form the shape of "Ding". At the intersection of the T-shaped shape, a supply and marketing cooperative office building was built, confronting the original township government compound on Sanxin Street. At the north entrance of Tangwan Town, a new township industrial company building was built, which echoed the cultural station across Beiwu Road. The entire street market layout looks reasonable and spectacular.
1980s Tangwan Supply and Marketing Cooperative and Tangwan Industrial Company Supply and Marketing Manager Department
1950, Tangwan Town is the seat of the Tangwan District People's Government. In 1958, it became the headquarters of Qinfeng People's Commune. In 1959, it was the seat of the Tangwan People's Commune Management Committee. Since 1984, Tangwan Town has become the seat of the People's Government of Tangwan Township (the township was abolished in 1993). On October 18, 2000, the Wujing Street and Tangwan Town system were abolished, and the location belongs to Wujing Town and to the present.
Yutang
It is hard to buy Yutangbei
Yuan Ming Dynasty, a folk proverb circulated in the area where Songjiang Prefecture belongs: "It is hard to buy Yutangbei". It is about a river called "Yutang" five miles east of Songjiang Prefecture City. It is a waterway connecting the Huangpu River to the southeast, and has very superior geographical conditions. The boats that come and go can all sail. The land along the coast is high and fertile, so it is suitable to plant beans and wheat. Rich households compete to buy it, which will make the land price appreciate and it is difficult to find money, so this proverb is this. Today's Maqiao area belongs to this "Yutangbei".
The direction map of Yutang in the Qing Dynasty (partially "The Complete Map of Songjiang Prefecture")
Yutang has two north and south lines. The south Yutang is the river in the east outside Songjiang city. It starts from the south of Zhangta Bridge, flows eastward, and turns south into Yantietang.Beiyutang flows eastward from Yangmaichai Bridge, crosses Dongjing, and reaches Huiqiao at the junction of Qianpujing and Nuerjing into Shanghai County, flowing through Wulitang, Huayang Bridge, Chedun, Maqiao, Beiqiao, Tangwan, Wujing to the Huangpu River and enter the sea. The total length is about fifty miles.
The economic value of Beiyutang was valued by people in the Song Dynasty. Xu Shang, who signed himself as "Old Man of Heguang" during the Chunxi period of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote "Hundred Songs of Huating", one of which is dedicated to Yutang: "Outside the vast three villages, flowing eastward and the sea. The river god has repeatedly benefited, and the sails borrowed the wind from the wind." Another special song about Shagang: "There are few flat lands thousands of miles, connecting the rivers and seas. It is said that because of the waves, it is suspected that clams have become the foundation." This place is made up of near-shore mulberry fields under the striking waves. The vast sea turns into mulberry fields, so its land is high and fertile. According to legend, there was a wealthy family in the Yuan Dynasty named Yu Yuanshao, who built a thousand acres of land here, and was famous all over the world. Afterwards, people who wanted to buy land came to buy it in a hurry, and Yu Yuanshao immediately threatened: "Although there are thousands of beads, they will not be sold in Yutang North." Therefore, the land price has greatly appreciated, and it was rumored: "It is difficult to buy Yutang North with money." According to later generations, Yu Yuanshao's tomb was buried in the south of Beiqiao Town.
Yutang Hebei Bridge Section
The Japanese disaster in the Ming Dynasty also destroyed the coast of Beiyutang and the water transportation declined. After the opening of the port of in Shanghai in modern times, Minhangdu, which was originally established in Huangpu Pass, developed into an important market town due to the benefits of Huangpu, while some of the original market towns along Beiyutang failed to recover their vitality. Gu Han (named Mengping), a native of the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, lamented in "Songjiang Bamboo Branch Ci": "The grass on the northern Yutang is rich in color, and the scenery is bleak and different from the past. Don't say that it is difficult to buy a place at that time, so I can choose a place without paying any money." The development of the commodity economy after Shanghai opened a port has heavily impacted the countryside. The strong man went out to work or do business, and the burden of field labor in all seasons fell on women. Therefore, Ding Yifu (named Cishui) loudly called out in "Shenjiang Zhaosong": "The young woman is very pitiful, and her daughter is waiting to return to the boat on the Jingjing. I advise you not to go business anymore and buy more fields in the north and south of Yutang."
Niushi Rongcaitang
In the first year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1662), Niu Dachun, the thirteenth generation grandson of Niumeishan in Wuxing, moved from Shanghai County to Yutang Village on the north bank of the Yutang River in the 18 Baoshi Thirteenth Tu, thus forming the Yutang branch of the Niushi Maqiao. The Yutang Niu family has attached great importance to education throughout the ages, so the fragrance of books has been passed down from generation to generation and talents have emerged. In the more than 240 years from Yongzheng to Guangxu, at least 36 children of the Niu family in Yutang entered the camp and became scholars. He successively produced one Jinshi, three Juren and three tribute students, so he was prominent.
Niu Yongjian (1870-1965), the pioneer of the Xinhai Revolution, whose courtesy name is Tisheng, was born in the old house of the Niu family No. 1, Yutang Town. On March 20, 1930, Niu Yongjian, who bid farewell to his military career, voluntarily resigned from his post as the chairman of the Jiangsu Provincial Government on the grounds of suffering from a "stroke". He returned to his hometown Yutang to "rest". Under his advocacy, the private Yutang People's Education Center was officially established in May of that year.
Niu Yongjian is like
Niu Yongjian witnessed the backwardness and poverty in rural China with his own eyes, and was even more anxious about rural bankruptcy at that time. He believed that promoting the transformation of his hometown is the best reward for his hometown, so he put the matter of transforming his hometown in rural construction. In view of the current situation and the needs of the environment, "rich education" and "strong education" are the focus of modern cultural "citizen education", vigorously promote the development of credit cooperation to transportation and sales cooperation and production cooperation (called "three major cooperations" at the time), and improve the village appearance and advocate a new rural life.
Under the advocacy of Yutang People's Education Hall, Shanghai County is divided into 6 people's education districts. People's (Farmers) Education Hall is the central organs of each district, responsible for handling people's education in the district. All districts have central agencies. In addition to being responsible for public education, they also hold reading parties, exhibitions, and competitions to change customs; open farms and promote advanced agronomics; organize cooperatives to promote cotton and wheat varieties in special farmlands, and promote water irrigation. At the same time, each district has set up schools for people to organize people to recognize words and write in their spare time.
In the summer of 1933, Yutang People's Education Center was upgraded from private to provincial, built Yutang rural experimental zone, and expanded the teaching area to 10 surrounding counties. At this time, Yutang became the cultural source and exchange center of the southwest Shanghai townships.
At that time, Niu Changzhu (1905-1929, whose courtesy name was Rongcai), a nephew of Niu Yongjian, who was once the principal of Shanghai Jingye Middle School and a member of the Shanghai Special Municipal Supervision Committee of the Kuomintang, died of acute enteritis at the age of 25. All walks of life felt deeply regretful. In the spring of 1935, when Yutang People's Education Hall raised funds to expand teaching facilities, celebrities Zhang Qun, Wu Kaixian, Shen Junru and others jointly initiated the construction of the "Yongcai Hall" to commemorate. All walks of life responded positively, and director Niu Changyao donated an annual salary of 2,000 yuan. After the completion of the "Rongcai Hall", it will serve as an office and reception place for the People's Education Hall.
Rongcai Hall Plaque
In the second half of 1950, after the Yutang People's Education Hall was abolished, the old house of Rongcai Hall became a public housing in Yutang. Before 2011, it was Yutang Senior Activity Room. On December 26, 2007, it was announced that it was registered as Minhang district.
To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution, the Maqiao Town Government invested in the restoration of the Rongcai Hall building in 2011, and officially established the Yutang People's Education Memorial Hall on October 9 of that year. At the same time, Niu Shirong Caitang was subsequently announced as a cultural relic protection unit by the Minhang District Government. The descendants of the Niu family took the opening of the Yutang People's Education Memorial Hall as an opportunity to return to their hometown to embark on a journey to find their roots.
Niu Shirong Cai Hall and Yutang People's Education Memorial Hall gate
House 0The exhibition exhibits of Yutang People's Education Memorial Hall reproduce the revolutionary process of Niu Yongjian and Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of China's democratic revolution, and vividly reflect the spirit of the older generation of Maqiao people to be in love with their hometown, founding Yutang People's Education Hall, and establishing Maqiao Qiangshu School, and selflessly dedicating to the construction of their hometown.
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