Lanzhou - a backward national center, large and sweet fruits, declining people's livelihood, and the implementation of national education in Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia maps. It is strange that Gansu is the center of the country, but it is said that it is a border area. In fact, J

Lanzhou - a backward national center, large and sweet fruits, declining people's livelihood, and the implementation of national education

Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia maps, 1933

It is strange that Gansu is the center of the country, but it is said that it is a border area. In fact, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces are border areas. When we arrived in the northwest, we felt that China is great and we ran a lot of ways and just arrived at the central province. Lanzhou is the provincial capital of Gansu, which happens to be in the center of the country, from Shandong to Xinjiang to the west to Yunnan to the south to Mongolia. The distance is about the same. In the future, the railway (i.e. railway) must be used as the center.

Gansu is the "corridor of China" and the throat of the headquarters' communication with the northwest. It is on the edge of the desert, with its lofty foothills and abundant aquatic plants. It relies on Qilian Mountains and approaches Great Wall. Although there is little rain all year round, the snow water of Qilian Mountains is sandwiched with rotten leaves, the land is fertile, and it is suitable for farming.

fruit and melon market next to Lanzhou arch bridge, 1942

fruit is particularly large and delicious, apricots are bigger than Fenghua peaches, the big fairy fruit is like an apple, the honey-clew in the United States is the drunk melon here. The author saw the red-flesh watermelon in the shape of the eastern melon in the United States, which is big and sweet, and was so sad that he was surprised that he found it here. Citi orange is from China, and I suspect American watermelon is the seed of Gansu. However, there are not many types of vegetables. Zuo Zongtang brought some vegetable seeds from Jiangnan in the era, but no one noticed them since then. The cauliflower head is a product that is close to (recently) .

Lanzhou City is just as big as Kunshan and Taicang , which is less than half that of Chongqing. It is cold in a single shirt in summer, and the temperature is even lower when it rains. The roads of are windless and three feet of soil, and there is rain and the streets are mud. If Chinese cities are governed by foreigners, in less than five years, asphalt roads, electric lights and tap water will be complete, and we will still remain the same primitive for five thousand years. Rodan 's famous sculpture is called "Bronze Age" (i.e. Bronze Age) . Can you compare to your "Bronze Age" here? I am not a person who loses confidence, nor is the foreign moon better than China, nor do I have the ambition of others and destroy my own prestige. But I always think this way: the sun and the moon, the mountains and rivers, and people get it, why will there be great progress?

Children without clothes, Gansu, 1943

People's livelihood is the center of history, and should focus on development first, which is the naturalistic Laozi , which also advocates "willing to eat, beautify your clothes, live in peace, and enjoying your customs", and advocates "damaging your surplus and making up for your shortcomings." To this day, children in the suburbs of Lanzhou have no clothes to wear. The most miserable scene is that the girl who is already in the year (jí jī, a woman over 15 years old) has no clothes to wear! Now we have people flying in the sky and crawling underground. We have women who are more than "Nara" era, (referring to new-style women) , , and still have children's brides with foot binding, and their clothes fall in the corner without covering them.

Director Zheng Xigu of the Education Department (formerly professor of National Central University, went to Gansu in 1938) promotes national education . It is really hard to use all the strength of the ox and tigers, and often half the result with twice the effort. There are very few people who graduate from elementary school here. When they graduated from graduation, they seemed to have won the top scorer, knocked on the street to announce good news, and posted red stickers to celebrate.

Qinghai - China's water tower, such Tibetan Buddhism, there are no prostitutes in the province, there are many cattle and sheep, many gold mines, literary and artistic anti-Japanese war

inherited the passion of Zhu Shaoliang, and informed Qinghai, and sent the communication director Luo Jianqing to accompany him, thus realizing the dream of a ten-year pillow - a trip to Qinghai.

Qinghai topographic map, 1935

Qinghai has two major honors on Natural Geography: one is the mother of the Yangtze River ; the other is the origin of China's No. 1 Saltwater Lake. Bayankala Mountain runs across the center, and the north and south foothills cultivate the endless source of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, rolling eastward, and becoming the world's number one long river.

Xining is the provincial sea of ​​Qinghai. The provincial government has a Kunlun Hotel, so we were hosted in it. In the future, we would like to thank the provincial government for sending personnel to guide us every day.I lived in Xining for about ten days and it rained every few days. The market for is not as good as in Lanzhou. , but my interest is strong. probably is for more things that I have never seen or heard of.

Tar Temple Dajinwa Temple, 1935

Tar Temple is the most famous resort in Qinghai, driving a mule cart. There are two large and small temples, red walls and green grass, painted beams and carved buildings, which complement each other. gold tiles are used as a roof, and more than 3,000 Buddha gold is made of gold. People in the world say that donating Buddha gold to the country can fight a year's battle. They organize self-defense forces to prevent theft. In fact, this kind of gold is probably not 100% pure, right? When lighting the lamp, use the butter-de-oil (transliteration of Butter) , and burn it with the "seven stone jar" (referring to large jar) . The lamps of hundreds of jars in the temple are burned by the Zhentian Zhenye (same as the same as the whole night) . I don’t know how many butter-de-oil ignition will be burned in a day. If the frontline soldiers get it, the nutritional problem can be solved.

Temple belongs to the Lama religion. Generally, good men and women come from afar. Even if they are thousands of miles away, they must be there once in their lifetime to fulfill their wishes. The trumpet in the temple kowtowed to the Buddha, which was really "protruding to the ground", and almost all of them were lying on the ground to pay tribute. All the clothes worn are (qiān, full) are greasy. It is said that even if you are new clothes, you must also use greasy to show your qualifications. All Japanese college students are wearing shabby uniforms, and their upper bodies must be deliberately made torn, otherwise it will not be enough to show their grade level. The lamas are sloppy and only bathe twice in their lives in their lives. One is when they are born, the other is when they die. "Sloppy, sloppy, can become a Bodhisattva" is their creed.

The food in the temple is " hand-grabbing mutton ". This is a treat for guests. means eating mutton with white roasted mutton with hands. People in the mainland may not be used to (often) ? I was happy to try “Home everywhere” too. There are famous products such as musk , safflower and otter skin for sale near the temple. The red flowers are taken by women and are finally delivered from the northwest to Shanghai. The proof is fake. The flowers will fall red when put into the wine. I advise tourists to be careful in the future. The otter fur is very thin, not as thin as those produced in the Northeast.

Qinghai fur is the best quality. The author inherited the gift of a sack of Ma Bufang. He brought it to Shanghai residence in 29 years. He was arrested by the enemy because his wife Ye Hua was arrested by the enemy. His younger brother Zhou Liang died. The author sneaked back to Chongqing. Ten old and weak people stayed at home to avoid it. His family was destroyed and his family was destroyed. Who knew who would take this attack?

Republic of China prostitutes

Qinghai is the place where various ethnic groups gather (gather) , and Hui tribe is the most. The society is very stable, with "six major policies" in politics, and "three no slogans" in local areas. 's six major policies have now been forgotten, and there are no X parties, no prostitutes, and no smokers. Chairman Ma told the author that there are still seven prostitutes, but they are still not allowed to be said to be none. I said, "In the past, there was a prostitute in front of me, but no prostitute in my heart; Manweng (literati in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties Yu Huai ) There was a prostitute on paper, but no prostitute in his pen." They looked at each other and smiled.

Indeed, prostitutes are a major social problem, and they also harm national health to penetrate into the skin (còu lǐ, muscle texture) . A few years ago, the author visited Guilin. Director Xu Suen of the Health Center, visited the prostitute area and told him: "Of the six hundred prostitutes, there are only four who are sick!" Prostitutes are still prevalent in Western civilized countries. It is admirable that Qinghai can eliminate prostitution.

Ma Bufang, who reads the newspaper, 1949

Mencius always advocates "joy with the people" . This scene is not considered to be seen in Qinghai. Chairman Ma every Saturday, ( always) has various collective entertainment activities to enjoy with his colleagues. Since the author attended such a gathering, the performers belonged to male and female students, while the audience was a hard-working class, which is really rare.The programs are all related to the War of Resistance Against Japan, with rich content, and most of the materials involve the actual situation of the border, and the performance is vivid. I remember that there was a song titled "Sending the Man to the Battle", which was both majestic and lingering, and won a lot of applause. From this point of view, Northwest education has improved after all in the past year.

My hometown sage Gu Yanwu When he died in the northwest at the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was said:

"It is generally better to open mountains in the north, too much land reclamation, and animal husbandry gains, so that I have thousands of cattle and sheep in the lake, so that the south of the Yangtze River is not worthy of the burden."

Nomadic girl, photographed by Zhuang Xueben 1936

The author arrived in Qinghai and felt the same way. Qinghai is the smallest place with (province) and the place with the largest number of livestock in units. There are thousands of cattle, sheep, horses, camels, donkeys, mules, etc. yaks look like Dutch dairy cows, and produce a lot of milk. You think, if you take off the oil as lamp oil is burning, butter is a dime, and if you spend a dime on the cream, it would be a huge profit. The flock is everywhere. In addition to eating meat and skin, goats are also good interest. If you want to be a capitalist, start here.

The largest saltwater lake is called Qinghai Lake , which is about 380 kilometers around and is the most suitable breeding ground for horses, cattle and sheep. holds a "Sea Sacrifice" every year, which is very lively. I was unfortunately allowed to participate in the grand ceremony when I went there. The middle-class yellow croaker and bakery. At that time, seven salty yellow croaker could be purchased for one yuan legal currency . The croaker was shipped and sold in the rear, and the output was very rich. gold and aluminum are also the best production here. Judging from their gold hunting situation, it is also a fun thing that Jiangnan people have never seen.

Zhou Shang "Travel Magazine" 1946

This article is exclusively compiled by "Hanhai Taosha"

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83 A trip to Shaanxi with a master's degree in studying abroad: Hanzhong, Baoji, Xi'an, Binxian