Since its transition to the Allies in 1915, Italy has used this river as a base to launch four general attacks on the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but all ended in failure.

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The Isonzo River between northeast Italy and the Audian Empire is a natural border. Since switching to the camp of the Allies in 1915, Italy has used this river as a base to launch four general attacks on the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but all ended in failure. Today we will introduce the four battles along the Isonzo coast during World War I.

A bilateral agreement was signed in 1879, and in 1882 it became a trilateral agreement due to Italy's entry. There were already many conflicts between Italy and Austria, which should have lived in harmony according to the agreement, but unexpectedly, the relations between the two countries further deteriorated in the decades after the signing of the agreement. By the time the peace treaty was renewed in December 1912, Italy, which should have belonged to the allies, was closer to the Allies. The core of the conflict between Italy and Austria is actually the territorial issue: in the southern Tyrol and the Riast region under the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, there are a large number of Italian-speaking people living in it. The passionate nationalists launched a vigorous "land loss" campaign to regain "land loss", and the national unityism they advocate can also be regarded as a powerful force in the turbulent political arena in Italy.

Since Britain and France declared war on Germany in August 1914, in order to undermine the Three Kingdoms alliance, British and French diplomats who had long regarded the conflict between Italy and Austria have begun to tirelessly win over Italy. To achieve their goal, they offered a bid: as long as the Allies achieve the final victory, Italy will get the land that it has longed for for a long time that currently belongs to Austria. This condition is really tempting, so although Germany kept showing its gratitude to Italy during this period, Italy eventually turned to the arms of the Allies. On April 26, 1915, Italy and the Allies signed the Treaty of London; on May 3, Italy announced its withdrawal from the Three Kingdoms Alliance; on May 23,

Italy declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire; then, Italy declared war on Bulgaria on October 20. But the letter to Germany was not issued until August 28, 1916.

In order to break through the enemy's defense line and advance towards Vienna, the Italian commander-in-chief Luigi Gadona concentrated a large number of troops near Riast, leaving only a small group of troops to defend South Tyrol. The first target of the Italian army was Gorichia, which was a little far from the Isonzo River within the border of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The terrain here is extremely complex, and the mountainous highlands are cut into countless pieces by crisscrossing river valleys. At this time, although the Italian troops of 875,000 were strong, they were extremely short of modern equipment such as ammunition, cannons and transportation tools.

In 1915, Pietro Frugoni, led by Pietro Frugoni, a total of 200,000 soldiers and 200 cannons, led by the Italian Second Army and the Italian Third Army under the command of Emmaruelé Filiberto, Duke of Aosta , launched the first Battle of Isonzo. Since the defenders of the Austro-Hungarian Empire had begun to strengthen the defense line after the two countries announced the war, and the fortifications along the Isongzo coast had been upgraded a few months before the Italian army launched an attack, the Italian offensive did not achieve any significant results from June 23 to July 7. From July 18 to August 13, Gadona launched another attack, but due to a shortage of ammunition, the large number of field artillery brought to the battlefield by the Italian army still failed to win the fruits of victory for them. These two battles cost the Austrian army 45,000 people, and Italy also lost 60,000 lives.

When the third battle of Isongzo began on October 18, Gadona had already sent several more cannons to the battlefield, and

brought the total number of cannons of the Italian army to 1,200. But a clever woman can't cook without rice. Although there are many cannons, there are not enough ammunition to support her. Until the end of the third battle on November 4, the Italian army could not get involved in the land of Goricia. The fourth battle between November 10 and December 2 was still not progressing due to the same reason. During the stalemate of the war, the Italian and Austrian troops lost 115,000 and 72,000 respectively. Faced with such a dilemma, Gadona did not give up and tried to launch a more fierce attack. Okay, let’s introduce to you this day the 4 battles along the Isonzo coast during World War I. Hello everyone, I’m naughty, see you next time.