Xidan is named after a archway established by "Single" and named " Zhanyun ". The old Beijing mouth says that Xidan Pailou .
at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, at the intersection of Xidan Road, in the distance is Zhanyun Pailou
Xidan. Since ancient times, it has been one of the commercial centers in the capital . According to the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), the "Sashi Congzai" engraved in "Kyoto Songzhuzhai" records: "Enema sold by 'Ear Eye'", "Jinlanzhai's meat and vegetable mooncakes", "Lao Qiu's iced plum soup" and other " Internet celebrity snack ".
In addition, Xidan is also a gathering place for officials, famous officials, literati and poets. The residences of the princes can be found here, and the poet's old house was also located here. Even the author of "Dream of Red Mansions" Cao Xueqin once worked in Xidan, so there is no need to say much about the cultural heritage.
Relying on this profound cultural heritage, from the late Qing Dynasty to to in the Republic of China, new schools near Xidan sprouted like mushrooms after a rain. Among them, there are many famous students including Chinese University (Erlong Road), Republic of China University (Taiping Lake), Jiaotong University (Fuyou Street), Confucian University (Ganshi Bridge), Peking University School of Engineering (Duanwangfu Jiadao), etc., which are all in one place.
at the entrance of China University, the campus is the former Prince Zheng’s Mansion
The theater is also a place of bustling crowds. During the Republic of China, in the Xidan Pailou area, Harfei Grand Theater, Chang'an Grand Theater and Xinxin Grand Theater were successively opened. As soon as these latest theaters opened, they attracted many audiences to come and perform.
Chang'an Theater, 1954
Xidan Shopping Mall, 1961
In the past century, several major changes and several major transformations have changed. Today, let’s follow these 27 old photos below to see the century-long changes at Xidan intersection. Which ones have your stories?
1. The Xidan intersection on the entire map of the capital in the 15th year of Qianlong was a T-junction. This is because when the Beijing city was built in the Ming Dynasty, moved the south wall southward , and built a street at the right gate of Chang'an from Shunchengmen to Minghuang City - West Chang'an Street. Correspondingly, from the Civilization Gate to the left gate of Chang'an, it was called East Chang'an Street .
and , except for the east and west Chang'an Streets, houses were built and alleys were formed. Therefore, the west entrance of West Chang'an Street (Xidan) and East Chang'an Street (dongdan) are both T-junctions.
2.1900, Xuanwumen Inner Street, photographed north from Xuanwumen City Tower, Xidan Archway can be vaguely seen in the distance. [(German) Heda Morixun]
3. Around 1915, the inner street of Xuanwumen was photographed north from the Xuanwumen Tower, and the Xidan Archway could be vaguely seen in the distance. [(Sun) Yamamoto Hoshiro]
4.1921, Xuanwumen Inner Street, photographed north from Xuanwumen Tower, Xidan Archway can be vaguely seen in the distance. [(Sweden) Xilongren]
For some reason, many photographers took pictures of Beijing during the Republic of China, but failed to leave a photo of the full picture of Xidan intersection . Only the above 3 pictures show the environment at that time.
In the picture, we can see that from 1900 to 1921, Xuannei Street was constantly widening, especially after the Republic of China, Xuannei Street was renovated. On the road, drainage ditches were visible, and telephone poles were also built on the road. At this time, the Xidan Archway was still there.
5.1940s, heading northward from Xidan Road intersection.
6.1940s, heading northward from Xidan Road intersection.
There are also fewer photos from the 1930s and 1940s, and the above two photos were taken in the same direction. In the figure, you can see tram and the ground rails .On December 18, 1924, with the opening of the first tram in Beijing (commonly known as "Dangdang Car"), the Xidan Archway was destroyed during the laying of the rails.
7. In 1953, the Xidan intersection faced southeast, and Japan's Toyota trucks, Poland's Warsaw 20 cars, trams, human tricycles and bicycles could be seen on the road.
8. In 1953, the eastward direction of Xidan Road intersection, the guise of Chang'an Theater can be seen in the south of the road, and the double pagodas of Qingshou Temple can be vaguely seen in the distance.
9. In 1954, the eastward direction of Xidan Road intersection, the guise of Chang'an Grand Theater can be seen in the south of the road, and the double pagodas of Qingshou Temple can be seen in the distance.
Comparing Figure 8 and Figure 9, the most obvious thing is the disappearance of the building in the northeast corner. According to the fenced place at the northeast corner of the intersection in the middle of Figure 9, the slope on the ground and the crowd suspected of holding shovels, it is guessed that it should be Chang'an Street widening project .
It was in this year - in 1954, the double pagodas of Qingshou Temple were demolished. This may be the last photo taken by before the double pagodas of Qingshou Temple was demolished.
1954, this is the fifth year of the founding of New China, and the renovation of the originally dilapidated East and West Chang'an Streets was put on the agenda.
Qingshou Temple Double Tower on the east side of Xidan Road intersection hindered the expansion of West Chang'an Street. Liang Sicheng suggested that it be left as a street garden to enrich the road landscape . At the same time, it was further proposed that "it would not be too late to demolish it if it felt that the effect was not good." However, this suggestion was opposed by everyone, especially traffic engineers. So these two pagodas, which were built in the Jin Dynasty and existed for 768 years, were eventually completely demolished.
Liang Sicheng's Shuangta Street Garden Conceived
10. In 1953, on the west side of Xidan Road, the east entrance of the old Xingbu Street and Baozi Street.
11. In 1955, the southwest-west direction of Xidan Road intersection, the east entrance of the old Xingbu Street and Baozi Street, can be seen in Tongchunyuan Restaurant on the west side.
12.1956, facing west-south direction of Xidan Road, the east entrance of the old Xingbu Street and Baozi Street were overlooked.
13. In 1956, Xidan Road intersection faced westward, and the project of opening Fuxingmen Nei Street was underway.
14.1958, Xidan Road intersection faced north, Xidan North Street , widened Chang'an Street, and Fuxingmen Nei Street after opening.
As mentioned above, Xidan Road intersection is a T-junction. There are two east-west alleys on the west side of the intersection - Old Xingbu Street and Baozi Street . In 1956, the project of opening up Fuxingmen Nei Street was launched, and the houses between these two alleys were demolished.
15. In 1958, Xidan Road intersection faced northwest. The building under construction is the Supply and Marketing Cooperative.
16.1958, Xidan Road intersection faces eastward. The two pagodas of Qingshou Temple have been demolished, and the Telegram building is about to be completed.
17. In 1959, the Telegram Building was completed. The picture shows the east side of the Telegram Building shooting westward. The completed Supply and Marketing Cooperative and the National Culture Palace can be seen in the distance.
18. In 1962, the Telegram Building was completed facing eastward at Xidan Road intersection.
Comparison of Figures 15, 16 and Figures 17, 18. In 1958, the iconic street light on Chang'an Street was not yet , and it appeared in 1959.
data shows that by 1959, the 10th anniversary of the founding of New China, Chang'an Street had basically completed the opening and widening of the roads, and began to enter the development stage of , mainly the construction of buildings on both sides of . It is in this process that Xidan Archway was completely demolished .
19.1977, Xidan Road intersection faced northwest.
20. In 1982, the eastward direction of Xidan Road intersection, the bicycle riders waiting under the red street lights of West Chang'an Street. Chang'an Grand Theater can be seen on the south side of the road.
In Figures 19 and 20, there is a zebra crossing at the intersection. The most common means of transportation for people to travel is bicycles, and people follow the rules. When the light is red, the bicycles are parked in the parking line.
In the 1960s, the country encountered short-term economic difficulties and entered a period of economic adjustment. During this period, the original construction scale was compressed. Since then, until before the reform and opening up, there has been no major changes in Xidan Road intersection.
21. In 1996, the northward direction of Xidan Road intersection, panoramic view of Fuxingmen Nei Street, Xidan North Street and Xichang'an Street.The ethnic world in the northeast corner of Xidan Road intersection is crowded with people. Zhongyou Department Store and Warwick Building have risen from the ground, and the Book Building North of Chang'an Street Road is also under construction.
22. In 1996, the panoramic view was overlooked from the northwest of Xidan Road.
23. Around 1996, Xidan Road intersection looked down to the west and looked down at the panoramic view.
The most obvious difference from the previous pictures is, except that the pictures are colored, and the previous phenomenon of bicycle clustering has changed. The vehicles on the road of occupied the mainstream . Around 1990, taxi red Xiali was the mainstream, and with yellow faces began to enter people's lives.
After the reform and opening up, especially in the late 190s, Xidan experienced a tremendous change. Construction and construction of buildings and cultural squares such as Warwick Building, Xidan Shopping Center, Book Building, South China Building (Zhongyou Department Store) began to be completed one after another. Xidan completed a gorgeous turn from a commercial street to a commercial district.
24.1999, the panoramic view was overlooked from the northwest of Xidan Road. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of National Day, the largest green space on Chang'an Street was built - Xidan Cultural Square .
25.1999, Xidan Road intersection headed north. The building on the east side of Xidan North Street has been basically completed, and two places on the west side are underway.
26.2008, Xidan Cultural Plaza.
27. In 2019, the southward view of Xidan Road intersection is the Xidan Cultural Plaza under construction on the east side.
1999, before the 150th anniversary of the founding of New China, the Quanye Site, which was remembered by the post-70s generation, was demolished and Xidan Cultural Square was built. The square is divided into two parts: above and below ground, with a cultural square above ground, and there is a transparent conical glass in the center, which can introduce light into the underground commercial space.
2007, in order to welcome
In 2018, in order to welcome the 170th anniversary of html National Day, Xidan Cultural Plaza was renovated again and is expected to be completed by the end of September this year.
(In the picture part of this article, refer to the Sina blog post "The Centennial Changes of Beijing Xidan" by "Taoran Ye Lao". For more content, please follow the WeChat public account "Beijing Traditional Culture Alliance" to learn more)
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