China.com/China Development Portal News The Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as "Chinese Academy of Sciences") has adjusted its hospital management policy six times in more than 70 years.

China.com/China Development Portal News The Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as "Chinese Academy of Sciences") has adjusted its hospital management policy six times in the past 70 years. Systematically sort out the historical background and policy logic of the six hospital-running policy adjustments and their corresponding reform practices, and preliminary summary of the main measures and progress of reform and development since the implementation of the "Take the First Action" plan, which has certain inspiration for better implementation of the "Take the First Action" plan, deepen the reform of the national science and technology system, and promote the construction of an innovative country and a world science and technology power.

The historical background and policy logic of the adjustment of the policy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the corresponding reform practice

At the beginning of its establishment, the first determination of the policy of the hospital and its reform and development under its guidance. On November 1, 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences was established. In June 1950, in response to the urgent needs of the country, including science and technology undertakings, the basic policy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was determined according to the government document: "In accordance with the cultural and educational policies stipulated in the common program of the CPPCC, reform past scientific research institutions in order to cultivate scientific construction talents so that scientific research can truly serve the construction of the country's industry, agriculture, health care and national defense." This is the first time that the Chinese Academy of Sciences has clarified the policy of running the institute. Since then, under the leadership of the Science Planning Committee of the State Council, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with various ministries and commissions, leaders and experts from all categories, formulated the "Future Plan for Science and Technology Development from 1956 to 1967" (hereinafter referred to as the "Twelve-Year Science and Technology Plan") in accordance with the principle of "leading disciplines by tasks". Among the 57 tasks determined in the plan, the tasks with the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the "main responsible unit", "joint responsible unit" and "main cooperative unit" accounted for 87.7% of the total number of items. It fully reflects the role of the "locomotive" of scientific and technological innovation and the national strategic scientific and technological power. With the implementation of the plan and the implementation of the policy of running the hospital, the scientific research institutions directly under the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed rapidly and the scientific research team is growing. The accumulation and growth of scientific research power of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has played an important role in supporting the implementation of major strategies such as the country's "two bombs and one satellite" and promoting the output of major original results such as artificial synthesis of bovine insulin.

The debate and determination arising from the second and third hospital management policies. How science and technology serves economic development is a major issue faced by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. At the National Science Conference held in March 1978, Deng Xiaoping made the important statement that "science and technology are productivity", which provided theoretical guidance for the development of science and technology. The conference reviewed and passed the "Outline of the National Science and Technology Development Plan for 1978-1985 (Draft)", which clearly stated: "As the comprehensive center of national natural science research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is to study and develop new theories and new technologies of natural sciences and cooperate with relevant departments to solve major comprehensive scientific and technological problems in national economic construction. We must focus on the foundation and focus on improvement." According to this definition, at the 1979 Enlarged Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the policy of running the institute was summarized as: "Focus on the foundation and focus on improvement, and serve the national economy and national defense construction" (referred to as "two-sided, two-service"). This is the second time that the Chinese Academy of Sciences has clarified its policy on running the hospital, but this policy was quickly adjusted. At the end of 1983, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee issued instructions on the policies and tasks of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, requiring "vigorously strengthen applied research, actively and selectively participate in development and development work, and continue to pay attention to basic research." In January 1984, in accordance with the spirit of the central government, the Chinese Academy of Sciences officially announced a new policy for the establishment of the institute, namely, "vigorously strengthen applied research, actively and selectively participate in development work, and continue to pay attention to basic research", which became the third policy for the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. During this period, the discussion and adjustment of the policy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' office was essentially how to deal with the relationship between the Chinese Academy of Sciences' positioning and the national development strategy, the relationship between different types of scientific research activities such as basic research, applied research and development experiments, the relationship between the government and the market, economic construction and scientific and technological innovation, and the relationship between the development of science and technology itself and the economic and social driving technological development. This is also a major issue that has always affected the reform and development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The formation of the fourth hospital management policy and its reform and development under its guidance. In 1985, in order to more effectively promote economic construction, my country's science and technology system reform was fully launched around the main line of the relationship between science and technology and economy.In accordance with the new situation requirements and the needs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' own development, in early 1987, in the report of the reform plan to the central government, the Chinese Academy of Sciences proposed the "mobilization and organization of the main forces on the main battlefield of national economic construction, while maintaining a capable force for basic research and high-tech tracking" policy, and was recognized by the central government (in 1991, it was revised to "mobilization and organization of the main forces on the main battlefield of serving national economic and social development, while maintaining a capable force for basic research and high-tech innovation"). This is the fourth time that the Chinese Academy of Sciences has established the policy of running the school. In 1988, based on the above policy, the Chinese Academy of Sciences proposed the idea of ​​"one college, two systems", that is, the Chinese Academy of Sciences should build a number of internationally-level research institutes (new scientific research system) and create a number of outward-oriented high-tech enterprises (new technological development system), so as to adopt different management models and evaluation standards for two different types of work, scientific research and technological development. Under the guidance of this policy, a large number of research institutes and scientific researchers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have set up enterprises in Zhongguancun, setting off a wave of "going into the sea" for entrepreneurial entrepreneurship by scientific researchers in my country, promoting the development of a large number of high-tech enterprises such as Lenovo, Sitong, and Kehai, thus making significant contributions to the national economy and verifying the effectiveness of the reform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. However, as a large number of scientific researchers left their jobs and started businesses, the overall research quality of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and its ability to solve basic research problems have been weakened to a certain extent.

The fifth policy of office management and its reform and development under its guidance. At the turn of the century, the knowledge economy was in turmoil, which put forward new requirements and challenges to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. At the end of 1997, the Chinese Academy of Sciences submitted a research report to the central government on "Welcome to the era of knowledge economy and build a national innovation system." In 1998, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made a major decision to build a national innovation system and decided that the Chinese Academy of Sciences would carry out a pilot project for the knowledge innovation project. In January 2002, in accordance with the spirit of important instructions and inscriptions of the central leaders, the Chinese Academy of Sciences summarized the pilot practice of the knowledge innovation project and proposed a new policy of running the institute, namely, "facing the national strategic needs, facing the world's scientific frontiers, strengthening original scientific innovation, strengthening key technological innovation and integration, climbing the world's science and technology peaks, and continuously making fundamental, strategic and forward-looking major innovation contributions to my country's economic construction, national security and social sustainable development" (referred to as "Three Climbing"). This is also the fifth time that the Chinese Academy of Sciences has established a policy of running a hospital. During the knowledge innovation project, the basic conditions for scientific research have been greatly improved. The Chinese Academy of Sciences firmly grasps strategic opportunities, optimizes scientific research layout, innovates management models, accelerates the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, vigorously cultivates innovative talents, and actively cultivates innovative culture. Major innovative achievements continue to emerge and their independent innovation capabilities are enhanced. Important progress has been made in high-tech research such as manned aerospace engineering, Loongson series chips, basic research such as laser physics and nanometers, as well as strategic tasks such as Qinghai-Tibet Railway and new energy exploration, and has made important contributions to my country's economic development, social progress and national security. However, while developing rapidly, problems such as repeated layout and blind expansion have also begun to emerge.

The sixth hospital management policy is confirmed. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has attached great importance to scientific and technological innovation, regarded innovation as the primary driving force for development, and implemented the innovation-driven development strategy in depth. On July 17, 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping visited the Chinese Academy of Sciences and delivered an important speech, requiring the Chinese Academy of Sciences to "take the lead in achieving leapfrog development of science and technology, be the first to build a national innovative talent highland, be the first to build a national high-level science and technology think tank, and be the first to build an international first-class scientific research institution" ("Four firsts"). On August 8, 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping made important instructions on the "Take the First Action" plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, further requiring the Chinese Academy of Sciences to "facing the forefront of the world's scientific and technological frontiers, facing major national needs, and facing the main battlefield of the national economy" ("three aspects"). In February 2015, in order to implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speeches and instructions, the Party Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences established the new era policy of running the hospital with the content of “three aspects” and “four firsts”, and led the in-depth implementation of the comprehensive reform and “take the lead” plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The logical starting point, main measures and stage results of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ “Take the First Action” plan

In order to implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s requirements of “three aspects” and “four firsts”, the Party Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, based on in-depth research and brainstorming, focused on solving problems such as low-level duplication, homogeneous competition, fragmented expansion, etc., based on the development goals of major innovative achievements, forward-looking innovative ideas, and outstanding innovative talents, studied and formulated the “Take the First Action” plan, and put forward 25 reform and development measures in five aspects, including promoting the classified reform of the institute, adjusting and optimizing scientific research layout, deepening the reform of the talent and personnel system, building a high-level science and technology think tank, and comprehensively expanding openness and cooperation. On July 7, 2014, the seventh meeting of the National Leading Group for Reforming and Innovation System Construction of the National Science and Technology System Reviewed and approved the "Premier Action Plan" and the Outline of Comprehensive Deepening Reform" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Subsequently, the Party Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences formulated the "Organization and Implementation Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' "Premier Action" Plan". The "Take the First Action" plan has become the action program that will fully grasp the reform and development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The logical starting point of the reform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the preliminary preparations for the reform of

: A big discussion on the positioning issues of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Based on the new situation of national economic and social development and new requirements for the work of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Party Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences proposed to the whole hospital the important propositions of "Where is the positioning of the Chinese Academy of Sciences" and "What can the Chinese Academy of Sciences not do" at the winter party group enlarged meeting held on December 24, 2012, and sent it to the main leaders of the hospital units through the "dean's mailbox". This has triggered extensive discussions across the hospital, making ideological preparations for the timely adjustment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' policy to run the hospital in the new era, and for the entire hospital to open the curtain for the comprehensive reform and organize and implement the "Take the First Action" plan. Theoretical guidance of

Reform: Dialectical understanding of science, technology and engineering. On the one hand, the development of science and technology in the world today is increasingly showing the trend of integrated development between science and technology, foundation and application, and the boundaries are blurred, and the scientific research forces in various fields work together to solve major problems. On the other hand, it is still necessary to carefully study the characteristics and laws of different types of scientific research activities such as scientific discovery, technological inventions and engineering implementation, and implement classified understanding and classified management. The Party Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences carefully studied and analyzed the dialectical relationship between science, technology and engineering, and published a theoretical article in Guangming Daily on May 15, 2014 "What support does the innovation-driven development strategy rely on? ——Start from the concepts of science, technology, and engineering. The article was subsequently reproduced by "Xinhua Digest", which had a positive impact both inside and outside the hospital, and became the theoretical basis for the Chinese Academy of Sciences to organize the "Primary Action" plan, especially the research institute classification reform and the implementation of strategic pilot science and technology projects. The framework basis of

reform: build a leapfrog development system of "Innovation 2020". On March 31, 2010, the 105th Standing Meeting of the State Council reviewed and passed the "Report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on the Leap-Op Development of Knowledge Innovation Project 2020" (referred to as "Innovation 2020"). At the enlarged meeting of the Party Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the summer of 2012, the Party Group of the Academy elaborated on the connotation of the leapfrog development system of "Innovation 2020" and put forward eight aspects of development purpose (innovation technology, serving the country, benefiting the people), strategic positioning (national team, locomotive, pioneer, thought tank, university), strategic mission (producing results, talents, ideas), development strategy (democratic school, open development of the institute, talent-strengthening college), development plan ("135" plan), development structure ("three-in-one" scientific research institutions, academic departments, and educational institutions), development measures ("3H" project), development evaluation (projection orientation of major achievements), and this has become the framework basis for the Chinese Academy of Sciences to formulate and implement the "Taozhuan" plan.

Organizational guarantee for reform: the rapid implementation of the reform of scientific research management in the agency. In order to effectively lead the deepening of reforms of the entire institute, at the beginning of 2013, the Chinese Academy of Sciences carried out the reform of scientific research management in the institute, and improved the organizational system and operation mechanism of scientific research management in accordance with the requirements of "science, coordination, standardization and efficiency". Establish two sequences: scientific research business management and comprehensive functional management. Scientific research business management is set according to the nature of scientific and technological innovation activities and its functional characteristics, and adopts different management methods and evaluation methods.Scientific research business management forms a matrix management model based on two dimensions: the value chain of scientific and technological innovation and the discipline field. The reform of scientific research management of the institute has improved the strategic, coordination and execution of the institute's work, and has provided organizational guarantees for the Chinese Academy of Sciences to comprehensively deepen reform and implement the "Take the First Action" plan in depth.

The main measures and achievements of the reform of the "Take the First Action" plan

Research Institute Classification Reform: According to the characteristics and laws of scientific and technological innovation activities of different natures, exploring the creation of four types of scientific research institutions

Research Institute Classification Reform is the focus and breakthrough of the "Take the First Action" plan. According to the characteristics and laws of scientific and technological innovation activities of different natures, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has systematically adjusted and streamlined and optimized existing scientific research institutions, focused on establishing innovation research institutes in response to major national needs, building an excellent innovation center for the forefront of basic science, relying on the national scientific and technological infrastructure construction, and building a characteristic research institute based on characteristic and advantageous disciplines; and constructing a system and mechanism for classified positioning, classified management, and classified evaluation of four types of institutions. As of August 2019, 23 innovation research institutes have been built, 8 are officially in operation; 23 excellent innovation centers have been built, 13 are officially in operation; 5 large scientific research centers have been built, 3 are officially in operation; 17 characteristic institutes have been built, 14 are officially in operation. Among the above-mentioned 68 "four-category institutions", 3 innovation institutes include microsatellites, aerospace information, and precision measurement, 3 outstanding innovation centers of brain science and intelligent technology, molecular plant science, and molecular cell science, as well as 7 legal entities including the Institute of Nutrition and Health have been approved by the Central Organization Department, and the reform of the "four-category institutions" has made progress in the substantive reform of the legal person.

Research Institute classification reform effectively integrates high-quality innovation resources inside and outside the Chinese Academy of Sciences, promotes collaborative innovation across institutes, interdisciplinary and cross-fields; strengthens the overall advantages and strategic layout for major innovation fields, and cultivates new innovation growth points; lays the foundation for the construction of national laboratories and comprehensive national science centers.

Scientific research layout adjustment: Implementing the "13th Five-Year Plan" and the strategic pilot science and technology special projects, and striving to break the inherent model of low-level duplication, homogeneous competition, and fragmented development

Organizing and implementing the "13th Five-Year Plan" and the strategic pilot science and technology special projects (hereinafter referred to as the "Pilot Special Project") is a key measure of the "Take the Action" plan. The "13th Five-Year Plan" means that the Institute will clarify "one positioning, three major breakthroughs and five key cultivation directions" based on analyzing its own advantages and core competitiveness. In the "Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for the Chinese Academy of Sciences" compiled in 2016, 104 research institutions in the entire hospital have concisely proposed 60 major breakthroughs that are expected to achieve leapfrog development and 80 key cultivation directions that shape new advantages in future development. The pilot project focuses on the combination of national strategic needs, the forefront of scientific and technological development, and the basic advantages of the institute. It organizes and implements joint research forces across institutes, disciplines, fields and even borders, and is committed to the output of major innovative achievements. As of the end of 2019, 23 Class A pilot projects aimed at breaking through forward-looking strategic scientific and technological issues have been implemented, 32 Class B pilot projects aimed at the basic frontier and achieving leading original results have been implemented, and 3 Class C pilot projects aimed at breaking through "bottleneck" problems such as key core technologies have been implemented and 5 are deployed.

Through this reform measure, the institute and institute have further clarified the positioning, condensed the goals, focused on the key points, and integrated resources. The scientific and technological layout of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been adjusted and optimized. Reform of the resource allocation method of

: Exploring a more scientific and effective scientific research evaluation system, forming a preferential support model oriented towards major results output

Exploring the establishment of a resource allocation and scientific research evaluation system oriented towards major results output is an important measure of the "Take the First Action" plan. In accordance with the principle of "guaranteeing key points, selecting the best, clarifying rights and responsibilities, and strengthening performance", the Chinese Academy of Sciences has established a resource allocation system oriented towards the output of major original results, major strategic technologies and products, and major demonstration and transformation projects (referred to as the "three majors"). Give full play to the overall role of college-level funding, mainly for projects, talents and conditions that are global and are expected to form major outputs and major social and economic benefits.At the same time, focusing on the Institute's classification reform and implementation of pilot special requirements, in accordance with the principle of "accurate positioning, reasonable scale, clear standards, and comprehensive budget", a configuration model of "key support + special support" has been formed.

Through this series of reforms, it highlights "maintaining major outputs, maintaining major reforms, and ensuring key talents", which improves the efficiency of fund use and strengthens the ability to guarantee major tasks and major projects.

Construction of regional innovation highland: build a systematic and intensive spatial layout for medium- and long-term development, and create regional innovation clusters with their own advantages

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have made a series of major strategic arrangements for regional innovation and development. The Chinese Academy of Sciences seized the opportunity, leveraged the advantages of science and technology and talents, integrated relevant research forces of the entire Academy, actively participated in the construction of regional innovation highlands, and continuously expanded the "Take the First Action" plan. Strengthen intellectual property management, build a science and technology service network (STS), and promote the transformation of knowledge and technological achievements. Fully implement the various tasks of the construction of comprehensive national science centers in Beijing Huairou, Shanghai Zhangjiang and Anhui Hefei, signed a framework agreement with Hebei Province to jointly build the Xiong'an New Area Innovation Research Institute, actively plan and deploy the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Science and Technology Innovation Center, start the construction of Guangzhou Nansha Pearl Science Park, complete the registration of the Hong Kong Innovation Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Hong Kong, jointly build the Rare Earth Research Institute with Jiangxi Province, and jointly build science and education parks in Nanjing, Qingdao, Chengdu, Wuhan, Chongqing, Xi'an, Taiyuan and other regions.

The adjustment of regional layout of scientific research forces has made the scientific research institutions affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Sciences more intensive in space and more convenient in management, laying the foundation and creating conditions for all-round support for the construction of national and regional innovation highlands.

Reform of the talent training mechanism: implement the integration strategy of science and education, and continuously improve the ability and quality of innovative and entrepreneurial talents

The Chinese Academy of Sciences has implemented the talent training and introduction system project in depth to further improve the international competitiveness of attracting and gathering outstanding talents; actively promote the reform of the academician selection and management system, and safeguard the academician's academician's title; improve the employment mechanism of open mobility, competitive cooperation, and improve the overall level and ability of the team; optimize the innovation ecosystem, and implement the "3H Project" in depth to create a good environment for scientific researchers to study with peace of mind and display their talents. In particular, we will give full play to the advantages of "three-in-one", implement the strategy of integrating science and education in depth, and insist on cultivating high-level innovative and entrepreneurial talents in high-level scientific research practice. In July 2012, the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was renamed the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as "University of China"), and began to recruit undergraduate students in 2014. The University of Science and Technology of China (hereinafter referred to as "University of Science and Technology of China") and the University of Science and Technology of China have taken important steps to build world-class universities. The construction of Shanghai University of Science and Technology with Shanghai, the Shenzhen University of Science and Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shenzhen University of Science and Technology, as well as the Chongqing College of the University of Science and Technology, Chengdu College, Xi'an College, Nanjing College, Taiyuan Energy College, etc. has started, forming a higher education development pattern that is compatible with the national regional development and the construction of innovation highlands. Since the full implementation of the "Premier Action" plan in 2014, 2 scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences have won the National Highest Science and Technology Award, 70 scientists have been elected as academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, 388 people have been funded by the "Excellent Youth" project of the Foundation Committee, and 557 people have been funded by the "Excellent Youth" project. Since 2014, universities under the Chinese Academy of Sciences have awarded a total of 11,157 bachelor's degrees, 44,826 master's degrees, and 36,672 doctoral degrees.

High-level scientific and technological talents are the key to improving scientific and technological innovation capabilities. Especially in the face of the new situation of Sino-US economic and trade frictions, we must insist on combining training with introduction and pay more attention to our own cultivation. The Chinese Academy of Sciences’ model of implementing the integrated strategy of science and education and cultivating high-level innovative and entrepreneurial talents is of exemplary significance.

Technology think tank construction: Strengthening the output orientation of major forward-looking innovative ideas and focusing on exploring the construction of a national high-end science and technology think tank

to build a high-end science and technology think tank is an important task and measure to implement the "Take the First Action" plan. The Council of Science and Technology Think Tank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was established to coordinate leadership and planning and coordinate the research, resources, team and platform construction of science and technology think tanks across the Academy, and gradually formed a think tank construction structure and system mechanism of "small core and big network".Give full play to the leading role of the Department of Academic Affairs as the highest consulting body of the National Science and Technology, integrate and form a legal entity, and build a scientific and technological think tank research system led by the Department of Academic Affairs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, supported by the Institute of Science and Technology Strategy Consulting, and exerted its business expertise, forming a research layout that organically combines the department and the department and the department, and is hierarchical, systematic, and open cooperation. In the comprehensive evaluation of the national high-end think tank pilot work, the Chinese Academy of Sciences ranks among the top.

By strengthening the construction of high-end science and technology think tanks, the Chinese Academy of Sciences not only provides effective service support for the country to formulate and improve science and technology policies and make scientific decisions, but also promotes itself to timely grasp the trend of scientific and technological development, improve various reform measures, and achieve good and fast development.

Deepen open cooperation: Facing the world's scientific and technological frontiers and major global common issues, focusing on major national initiatives such as the "Belt and Road", comprehensively promoting the international development strategy and collaborative innovation are important measures that the "Take the First Action" plan focuses on promoting. In recent years, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has accelerated its integration into the global innovation network, continuously strengthened cooperation with developed scientific and technological countries and regions such as the United States, Europe, Japan and Russia, and actively expanded scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation with developing countries. Actively participate in the construction of international scientific and technological organizations and play a leading role in international scientific and technological organizations such as the Academy of Sciences (TWAS), the International Council of Science (ICSU). Take the lead in establishing 10 overseas science and education cooperation centers to achieve zero breakthroughs in my country's overseas scientific research institutions. The "Belt and Road" International Scientific Organizations (ANSO), led by the "Belt and Road" has become the first comprehensive international academic organization initiated by China. At the same time, it also actively participates in the implementation and launches of international major scientific plans.

The in-depth development of international scientific and technological cooperation has shortened the gap between the Chinese Academy of Sciences and international high-level scientific research institutions to a certain extent, and has enhanced my country's influence in the global innovation pattern.

2020 is the final year of the first phase of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ “Premier Action” plan. Through comprehensive deepening of reform, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has produced a number of major innovative achievements and has made positive contributions to rapidly responding to major national innovation needs and systematically responding to major scientific and technological risks and challenges. For example: In terms of output of major innovative achievements. By implementing pilot projects and undertaking a series of major national scientific and technological tasks, a number of major scientific and technological achievements and transformation demonstration projects have been gradually ranked among the international advanced or leading ranks in frontier fields such as iron-based high-temperature superconducting, quantum communication, neutrino oscillation, advanced nuclear energy, stem cells and gene editing; in major strategic fields such as deep space, deep sea, cyberspace security and artificial intelligence (Figure 1a), supercomputing (Figure 1b), and a number of key core technologies have been broken through; in the areas of new drug creation, clean and efficient utilization of coal, agricultural science and technology, resource ecological environment, disaster prevention and mitigation, a number of major scientific and technological achievements and transformation demonstration projects have been taken root; a number of large scientific and technological devices such as 500-meter aperture spherical radio telescope (FAST), China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), and steady-state strong magnetic field experimental device (SHMFF) have been built (Figure 2) Lay a material and technological foundation for further enhancing my country's scientific and technological innovation capabilities; the successful launch of dark matter satellite "Wukong", my country's first X-ray astronomical satellite "Huiyan", and the world's first quantum science experimental satellite "Mozi", etc. has caused widespread social impact; it has also played an important role in national defense scientific and technological innovation. In terms of dealing with the key core technologies of "bottlenecks". After the outbreak of Sino-US economic and trade frictions in 2018, the Chinese Academy of Sciences carefully summarized the experience and practices of organizing and implementing Class A and Class B pilot projects. Based on existing research accumulation, integrating relevant research forces, and quickly organized and deployed Class C pilot projects aimed at breaking through the "bottleneck" technology. The three Class C special projects were implemented in advance for only more than a year, and have made positive progress in the development of domestic safety and controllable advanced computing systems. In terms of scientific research on the prevention and control of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic.Relying on the "four types of institutions" such as the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, the Institute of Drug Innovation, the Large Science Research Center of Biosafety, and the Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and organized 400 teams and nearly 3,000 scientific researchers in the hospital participated in the scientific and technological research on epidemic prevention and control, and produced a number of innovative achievements in rapid detection technology, drug, vaccine and antibody research and development, and virus tracing, and accumulated valuable experience in organizing the research and development of major public health events.

The adjustment of the policy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the enlightenment of the corresponding reform practice

abide by the positioning of national strategic scientific and technological forces, always find the coordinates in the overall national situation and national strategy, and timely adjust the work policies and main tasks. As a national strategic scientific and technological force, the Chinese Academy of Sciences should always take the national will as its mission and take national needs as its own development direction. In various periods of economic and social development after the founding of New China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has assessed the situation and kept pace with the times, adjusted the agency's policy in a timely manner, and has done things and responsibility in serving and supporting major national needs. In the early days of the founding of the Academy, by quickly establishing institutions, forming teams, creating disciplines, cultivating talents, and implementing the "Twelve-Year Science and Technology Plan", a relatively complete discipline system was formed, which laid the foundation for China's long-term development of science and technology, strengthening national defense strength and economic and social progress. Since the reform and opening up, the policies of "two-focusing, two services" and "one hospital, two systems" have been implemented. While stabilizing the basic research force, it faces the main battlefield of the national economy. By increasing the application of scientific and technological achievements and developing high-tech industries, it has played a positive role in economic construction; in the period of comprehensively deepening reform, it has implemented the "three characteristics and one climb", implemented the "three aspects" and "four firsts", and concentrated its efforts to plan and layout in key core technologies and other major national needs, world science and technology frontier fields, and helping high-quality economic development, comprehensively improving independent innovation capabilities, and providing strong support for the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy and the construction of a world science and technology power.

Strengthen the top-level design, overall planning and implementation of reform, and pay attention to the systematicity and coordination of reform. The adjustment of the policy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and its reforms under its guidance is a complex systematic project that requires extensive publicity and consensus, top-level design, overall planning, and plans and responsibilities need to be formulated. For example, during the implementation of the "Take the First Action" plan, from the positioning discussion of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the theoretical understanding of science, technology and engineering, from the reform of scientific research management of the institute to the reform of the "four types of institutions", from the implementation of the Institute's "13th Five-Year Plan" to the integration of the entire institute's forces to the implementation of pilot projects, it not only reflects the classification management of scientific research activities of different natures, follows scientific research laws to improve management efficiency, but also strengthens the advantages of institutionalization, concentrates efforts to carry out collaborative research around major scientific research tasks, and strives to produce major results. During this period, we will achieve a consensus in theory, an atmosphere in public opinion, an organizational guarantee, and a framework of "four pillars and eight pillars". We will strive to organically connect the implementation of pilot projects with the construction of "four types of institutions". We will guide, guarantee and coordinate the promotion by implementing the integration strategy of science and education, strengthen the cultivation of high-level talents, implementing the internationalization strategy, strengthen open cooperation, establishing a solid strategic consulting institute to strengthen the construction of science and technology think tanks, and making corresponding institutional arrangements in scientific research evaluation and resource allocation, so as to stabilize the talent team, form a joint force for reform, and ensure the effectiveness of reform.

focuses on serving and meeting the major needs of national economic and social development on the basis of grasping the trend of scientific and technological development and following the laws of scientific and technological innovation, and ensuring the direction of reform and development. The adjustment of the policy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' office has caused fierce debates inside and outside the institute and even high attention from the central leaders. The focus is to strengthen the basic research orientation, highlight basic, original, forward-looking and long-term research tasks and layout, or strengthen the applied research orientation, and put the national central tasks and serve national strategic needs in a prominent position. The practice of reform and development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences over the past 70 years has fully proved that as a national strategic scientific and technological force, it is necessary to fully reflect the national will and serve the national strategic needs; it also needs to follow the laws of scientific and technological development and adapt to the trends and requirements of world scientific and technological development.From participating in the "two bombs and one satellite" to manned space flight and manned deep-sea submarine (Figure 3), the research on the scientific research of the abyss, from new technologies for the production of montrol rubber to coal-to-olefin technology and industrial application, from participating in artemisinin synthesis to successful launch of sodium nitrite capsules (GV-971) (Figure 4), from the transformation of medium and low-yield fields in the Huanghuaihai to biological breeding, from participating in the world's first artificial synthesis of bovine insulin to the first realization of somatic cloned monkeys (Figure 5).... These are the results of the combined effect of national strategic needs and the development requirements of science and technology itself, and the integration of basic research and applied research.

Scientifically analyze trends, take the initiative to seize opportunities, plan forward-looking articles, and promote leapfrog development in scientific and technological innovation. Today's world competition in science and technology is becoming increasingly fierce. To win the initiative and achieve development, we must always focus on scientific research and judgment trends and make advance arrangements for research. For example, as early as the "Twelve-Year Science and Technology Plan", basic theoretical issues including "research on the structure, function and synthesis of proteins" were included. Under the guidance of the planning and the policy of running the institute at that time, the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, and the Department of Chemistry of Peking University jointly researched the problem. In 1965, bovine insulin was artificially synthesized for the first time in the world, making China's protein synthesis reach the world's leading level. Quantum technology was once considered by European and American developed countries to be a field with huge investment but limited development space. However, with the support of the country, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has carried out continuous research on this field for nearly 20 years, especially in recent years, through the organization and implementation of pilot projects and the establishment of innovation research institutes, it has vigorously supported quantum technology research, thus achieving a series of important results, making my country a local leading position in Europe and the United States in this field.

always integrates the spirit of "science, democracy, patriotism, dedication" and "reality-oriented, collaborative innovation" into the entire process of reform and development, and strives to build an innovative culture. To implement the policy of running the hospital, we need to vigorously build an innovative culture that reflects the laws of scientific research and the spirit of the times, and concentrate our efforts on promoting reform and seeking development. From 2000 to 2015, the Chinese Academy of Sciences issued 5 guiding opinions and 1 10-year construction outline on the construction of innovative culture, vigorously carried forward the tradition of "scientific, democratic, patriotic and dedication" and the "reality-seeking truth, collaborative innovation" style, firmly established the scientific value of "innovation science and technology, serving the country and the people", advocated the scientific spirit, established excellent scientific research ethics and academic atmosphere, and built a vibrant, inclusive, harmonious, orderly, open and interactive innovation ecosystem, making it a powerful spiritual driving force for deepening reform and sustainable development. The continuous deepening of the theory and practice of innovative cultural construction has played a positive role in the in-depth implementation of the knowledge innovation project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the "Take the First Action" plan.

gives full play to the advantages of complete disciplines and institutionalization, pay attention to accumulation, strengthen coordination, and strive to shoulder heavy responsibilities and shoulder the burden in responding to major scientific and technological risks and challenges in economic and social development. To serve national strategic needs and actively participate in responding to major scientific and technological risks, multidisciplinary knowledge and an established team often require to form efficient response and group combat capabilities. In the history of the reform and development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this is how it is actively involved in the implementation of the "two bombs and one satellite" project. In recent years, this has been fully reflected in the technology to deal with the "bottleneck" and scientific research on the new crown pneumonia epidemic. In the implementation of the "Take the First Action" plan, whether it is the construction of the Innovation Research Institute or the organization and implementation of the pilot project, it has broken the barriers between institutes and between disciplines and fields, and gathered the advantages and foundations and strengths of relevant scientific research institutions inside and outside the institute. For example, the Institute of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Figure 5), based on the Center for Excellence in the Frontier Quantum Technology Innovation, further integrates the advantageous research forces in the field of quantum information and quantum technology, coordinates more than 20 advantageous resources including universities, research institutes and related enterprises across the country, targets the "bottleneck" risks of quantum technology to make a full-chain layout, and strives to solve a series of cutting-edge scientific problems such as quantum communication, quantum computing, quantum precision measurement, quantum materials and devices, and breaks through a series of key technologies and core devices, and has achieved remarkable results. (Authors: Zhang Xuecheng, Zhong Shaoying, General Office of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Provided by "Proceedings of the Chinese Academy of Sciences")