Editor's note: How to correctly avoid earthquakes, floods, fires and other disasters? What are the "golden rules" for correct self-rescue after an accident... You must know these knowledge about disaster prevention and mitigation! Focusing on the "5·12 National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day", the "Hundred Schools of Science in the Central Plains" hosted by the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Association and hosted by Dahe.com has successively launched a series of interviews, inviting experts from the fields of fire protection, meteorology, medicine, water conservancy, etc. to visit the Dahe.com live broadcast room to explain practical knowledge in disaster prevention and reduction, emergency response, etc. Let us cherish our lives together and prevent and reduce disasters.
Dahe.com News (Reporter Shen Hua) In the face of unfortunate "raids" such as natural disasters and accidents, calm self-rescue can often turn danger into safety. How to correctly implement cardiopulmonary resuscitation to help your life outperform the "golden 4 minutes"? How to implement the "Hue of Life" with Heimlikfa? ...Learn these first aid knowledge and can help you at critical moments!
htmlOn May 19, the 16th issue of "Popular Science Hundred Schools of the Central Plains" hosted by Henan Science and Technology Association and hosted by Dahe.com invited Li Shengyun, deputy director of the Clinical Skills Training Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, to visit the Dahe.com live broadcast room to popularize personal first aid and disposal in accidental disasters. This interview is the third episode of the "May 12 National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day" series of interviews."When an accident occurs, no matter whether the person who is in an accident is himself or the person around him, the first thing to do is to try to control his emotions and not panic." Li Shengyun, deputy director of the Clinical Skills Training Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, introduced that there are the following principles for the treatment of accidents: ensure the safety of yourself and the environment in which the injured are in, quickly detect and eliminate risk factors for injury and death, simply deal with it and reduce the pain of the injured, and quickly contact medical staff for more help.
Issue 16 "Popular Science Talk on the Hundred Schools of the Central Plains"
Cardiac arrest | Master the cardiopulmonary resuscitation technique and outperform the rescue "golden 4 minutes"
Various types of trauma, drowning, electric shock, poisoning, and acute illness may cause cardiac arrest. Once cardiac arrest occurs, all organs of the human body will be deficient in oxygen. Once the brain is deficient in oxygen for 4 to 5 minutes, irreversible damage will occur. Even if the heartbeat is restored later, it may become a vegetable. Therefore, the golden rescue time for cardiac arrest is called "golden 4 minutes". For every 1 minute delay, the survival probability of the injured is reduced by 10%. In response to this urgent situation, effective rescue methods for artificial respiration and and artificial circulation are carried out, which is called cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
"Unhanded cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an operation that is easy to master and can provide quick and effective first aid to the injured. In recent years, the country has also actively promoted and popularized it, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation will soon be included in Zhengzhou's middle school sports event." Li Shengyun introduced.
The entire process of cardiopulmonary resuscitation includes: identifying cardiac arrest, activate the first aid response system, starting CPR as early as possible, and early defibrillation. On the basis of determining the safety of the surrounding environment, it should be judged whether the injured are conscious. If the injured person is unconscious, has no undulation of the chest, and has no pulsation of the arteries, he or she must immediately perform CPR. At the same time, he or she must also call 120 and another person will go to get the automatic external defibrillator (AED) placed in the surrounding public places.
①Chest compression (Circulation) , first set your pose, one knee is flush with the shoulders, and the two nipples are connected to our midline. The pressing position is located at the midpoint of the line between the two nipples. Press with the heel of the palm, cross the hands and raise them up, straighten the forearm and upper arm and cannot bend it, press down vertically with the patient's body, and the adult presses 5 to 6cm, press 100-120 times per minute, basically 1 press is completed in 0.5 seconds.
②Open airway (Airway). Before ventilation, the oral and nasal secretions of the injured must be cleaned. Generally, the head tilt and chin lifting method is used. For wounded people who may have cervical spine injuries, the jaw support method is adopted.
③Artificial respiration (Breathing) (can be ignored). When blowing, you must pinch the nasal cavity of the injured with your hands. The rescuer evenly blows the wounded from mouth to mouth. The amount of air blows is about 500ml each time. Be careful not to take a deep breath and blow hard when blowing, but inhale calmly and slowly (see the patient's chest slightly bulge), and the blowing time is no less than 1 second.
④Early defibrillation (AED), Since most common arrhythmia in most cardiac arrests is ventricular fibrillation (VF), the most effective way to terminate VF is electrodefibrillation. It can enable cardiac arresters to recover sinus rhythm as soon as possible, increase the success rate of rescue, reduce mortality, and maximize the recovery of important organ functions such as the injured person's brain and heart. AED is different from the traditional defibrillator , which can automatically analyze the heart rate to determine whether the onset needs to undergo defibrillation, and if necessary, automatically perform defibrillation.
Li Shengyun, deputy director of the Clinical Skills Training Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
"For wounded people with respiratory and cardiac arrest, continuous compression and blowing should be given until they resume their own breathing and heartbeat, or professional medical staff are present to take over the treatment work." Li Shengyun introduced that cardiopulmonary resuscitation is very physically consuming, so before medical personnel arrive during the treatment process, they must actively seek assistance and cooperation from the surrounding personnel.
Key points for chest compression and blowing: ① When operating, be sure to remember "do your hands first, then move your mouth", that is, complete 30 presses first, then open the airway, and blow 2 breaths. When a single person is rescued, 30 presses and 2 blowing air are used as a cycle, and 5 cycles are performed in a row. After that, we have to change to another person to press to ensure the effectiveness of the press. ② When external chest heart pressing , pay attention to the straightening of both arms, shoulders, elbows and wrist joints in a straight line, and vertically pressing down; the depth and frequency of pressing; ③ The interruption time of two presses is <10s;>
Fracture|Reduce pain and facilitate transportation. Avoid blind reduction
For injured people who have fractures in disasters or accidents, the first thing to do is to judge and ensure their life safety. If the injured person’s vital signs are stable, it is necessary to protect the wound and reduce bleeding, and simply fix it to reduce pain. If the injured person has exposed or bleeding at the end of the fracture, cover the wound with disinfectant gauze or clean towel as soon as possible and pressurize and stop bleeding. If the bleeding is severe, you can use tourniquet, belt, cloth strip, etc. to pressurize and bandage the bleeding. After that, the fracture can be briefly fixed with wooden boards, branches, books and even very strong towel rolls. The purpose of this is to reduce further damage, pain and facilitate transportation.
Li Shengyun reminds that there is no need to take off clothes, shoes and socks during the operation to avoid excessive movement of the injured and increase the pain. At the same time, avoid blindly repositioning the fracture. After the fixing is completed, the fixed time should be recorded and the transportation should be carried out quickly and safely.
scald|Five steps of "pulling, removing, soaking, covering, and sending" should be kept in mind
Children are a common group of scalds. How to deal with scalds caused by hot oil, hot water or high-temperature steam? Li Shengyun said that the five words "emergency treatment for scalds" should be kept in mind: "Rinse, remove, bubble, cover, and send".
1 rinse : When you find a scald, you should rinse it with cold water immediately until the pain disappears. Flushing in cold water can take away residual heat and relieve pain while reducing the risk of edema and scab. After scalds occur, the more timely the cooling is, the less damage caused.
2-detachment : Gently remove or cut off the clothes, avoid pulling the wound, do not break the blisters, and protect the damaged skin.
Three bubbles : Soak the scalded area in cold water, usually soak for more than 30 minutes.
Four-cover : Cover the wound with cleaning gauze, or gently cover the wound with clean plastic wrap or plastic bag.
5-send : If the scald is serious, you should seek medical treatment as soon as possible after completing the above steps.
respiratory tract obstruction |Use Heimlik method to implement "Husband of Life"
When the respiratory tract is partially blocked, the injured will feel hold back, have difficulty breathing, choking and coughing, reflex vomiting, and cyanosis; when the respiratory tract is completely blocked, the injured will be unable to speak, cough, breathe, have a blue face, convulsive limbs, fall into the ground, and then the breathing and heartbeat will stop. When foreign objects are inhaled into the trachea, the injured will feel extremely uncomfortable and will often involuntarily press your hands into a "V" shape and press them against your neck. This action is also a typical action when the airway is blocked.
If you find that there is an acute respiratory foreign body blocking the wounded, the people around you should immediately use Heimlikfa to rescue him. Heimlikfa is called "the embrace of life" and is a method to quickly and effectively relieve respiratory blockage and save lives. For adults, rescuers should stand behind the injured, stand firm in front of the arched foot and arched back and foot, and wrap around the injured waist with both arms. Clench one hand and press the other hand against the fist. Make the thumb and palm joint protrude and press against the upper umbilical area of the injured person’s abdomen. Continuously and quickly push and impact inward and upward repeatedly rhythmically and vigorously to form an airflow to rush foreign objects out.
For babies, a combination of palm and back slap and two-finger chest impact is used. The rescuer first places the baby on his forearm, holds the baby's jaw on his mouth, then puts the forearm on his thighs, so that the baby's head slightly tilts forward, and pats the back between the two shoulder blades on his back 5 times. Then turn the baby to the supine position, use his index finger and middle finger to join together, and press the lower half of his sternum for 5 times. In this way, tap and press alternately until the foreign object is spit out.
How should I save myself if I have respiratory blockage? Li Shengyun introduced that you can clench one hand and press the other hand on the fist in a palm, and press your abdomen quickly and forcefully and repeatedly. Or bend down slightly and lean against a fixed object (such as the edge of a table, chair back, handrail, etc.), press the upper abdomen with the edge of the object, and quickly impact upward until the foreign object is discharged.
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