Badaguan is a high-end residential area formed in the 1920s and 1930s. It is praised by Liang Sicheng as "the most beautiful area in Qingdao". Today, Badaguan has been developed into a villa scenic spot, and is still unique in terms of architectural art and urban style.
In 2005, Badaguan was selected as one of the five most beautiful urban areas in China by National Geographic magazine. In 2009, Badaguan was named the first "Top Ten Historical Districts in China".
There were 10 roads when planning and construction, not "8+2"
Badaguan was a high-end residential area formed in the 1920s and 1930s. At that time, it was not called Badaguan, but was called "specially stipulated construction site".
As early as when Germany rented Qingdao, the area around Huiquan Bay was planned as a villa area and became a summer resort and leisure center in East Asia. A number of classic German-style villa buildings appeared on the northwest coast of the bay. At this time, the east of Huiquan Bay is still on the edge of the city, covered by a forest, integrating with the extended Taiping Mountain.
In 1929, as one of the five municipalities in the country at that time, Qingdao became a "a district that cannot be ignored" and attracted a large amount of foreign capital and national capital. The population surged and there was more demand for beautiful villas. Therefore, Qingdao City continued to expand the villa area eastward, and planned the area surrounded by Rongcheng Road, Huanghai Road and Huiquan Road as a specially designated construction site in Qingdao. At that time, the reason why the municipal authorities chose to build a specially stipulated building site in Qingdao was a glimpse from the Qingdao Municipal Finance Bureau file in 1932: "The special building site east of Rongcheng Road is surrounded by the seaside, with lush pine forests and quiet scenery, especially a scenic spot for summer vacation and noble residences."
In 1929, the "Specially stipulated building area map" was jointly surveyed and drawn by the Bureau of Industry and Agriculture and Forestry Office, 10 roads were planned and designed. The earliest construction of Shanhaiguan Road was built. Later, 9 other roads were opened successively, originally named Linyi 1st Road, Linyi 2nd Road, Linyi 3rd Road, Taoluo Road, Qingkou Road, Jinghai Road, Shidao Road, Chengshan Road, and Lidao Road. Later, it was changed to the name of passes and formed 10 passes with Shanhaiguan Road. Therefore, when Badaguan began to plan and build, there were 10 roads, rather than the saying that 8 items were built first and 2 items were built later in Qingdao tourism books.
It is specifically stipulated that after the construction site is opened, it will quickly become the focus of everyone. Foreign expatriates, businessmen, missionaries and diplomats in China, as well as emerging Chinese powerful people and celebrities, are all keen on asking for land and houses here, which is like a symbol of identity. This trend climaxed in the mid-1930s, and by the end of the 1940s, villa areas were basically taken, creating a perfect model that cannot be replicated in urban development and construction.
"Respect nature and fit the landscape"
This new high-end residential villa area was able to achieve great success. The reason behind it lies in the word "special" given before the name of this building. It can be seen that the government attached importance to the construction of the area at that time, and it also destined that the area was unique in planning and design, environmental construction and residential construction.
Different from general urban residential areas and commercial areas, Badaguan was initially positioned as a "type A residential area", that is, a high-end villa area that combines residence, summer vacation and leisure. In terms of planning concept, it established the basic rules of planning first and then development, as well as "respect for nature and fit the landscape", and tried to preserve the hills, water systems, and even every grass and tree in the area, and carry out the planning and construction of the road system based on the geographical and environmental characteristics of the area. At the same time, it took into account a reasonable garden layout, adapting to the extension of Taiping Mountain and forests, and constructing a large garden environment hidden by jungle. In the overall greenness, pay attention to individual changes. The street trees on each road have their own characteristics. On Shanhaiguan Road, it is Fatong; on , Juyongguan Road, it is Ginkgo; on Linhuaiguan Road, it is Dragon Cypress; on Zhengyangguan Road, it is , Ziwei ... The four seasons are reincarnated, and the flowers and trees are colorful. At the same time, dozens of public gardens of all sizes have been opened up between the roads and roads, forming a free environmental space, creating the effect of turning around and winding paths.
The "special" here is also reflected in the unique buildings and courtyards.The "Qingdao Interim Building Rules" has a special chapter to make detailed provisions on the building standards of specially stipulated areas, and make detailed provisions on the building area, height floor, house style, greening, fences, eaves, bathrooms, toilets, exterior decoration colors, exterior designs, etc.: the building area cannot exceed 30%-40% of the base area; the buildings are all independent low-rise residential buildings, generally not more than three floors; houses of the same style must not be built on the same road; the walls must be made of fancy iron fences, wooden fences or bricks and stones; the colors of the exterior paint, paint, tiles, bricks and stones used in the outside must be coordinated and unified; new bathrooms and toilets must be installed on each floor of the building; the decoration designs of the inside and outside parts must be reviewed by the Bureau of Industry... The almost strict regulations have made the reputation of the "Wanguo Architecture Expo" by Badaguan.
"The most beautiful region in Qingdao"
The Badaguan architecture brings together various styles such as ancient Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Barack, Rococo, Art Nouveau, eclectic, pastoral style, etc., which are diverse and unified. According to incomplete statistics, the architects involved in the construction of Badaguan come from many countries, and they have brought overseas architectural ideas and practices. There are also many masterpieces of Chinese architects in Badaguan architecture. Huashilou , Donghai Hotel, etc. all reflect the profound attainments of Chinese architects in integrating diverse cultures and displaying modernist art.
In addition to buildings and gardens, leisure and recreational facilities are also available around Badaguan. Sea baths, racecourses, stadiums, golf courses, outdoor music platforms, resort hotels, yacht marinas, coastal parks, fort parks, etc., forming a leisure center and friendship community that matches high-end residential buildings. As a high-end residential area, Badaguan is naturally not something that ordinary people can live in. All gather are domestic politicians, industrial and commercial giants and foreigners living in Qingdao. For example, celebrities such as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Wang Zhengting, Director of Shandong Education Department He Siyuan, Director of Finance Department Yuan Jiapu, Director of Yanjing University, Zhou Zhongqi, Director of Academic Affairs of Shanghai Yuqiao newspaper tycoon Lai Bi Chi, etc., have built land and built houses here, and come here to take summer vacations every year to form a gathering place for high-end people in society.
specifically stipulates that the building site constructs the perfect artistic combination of mountains, sea, trees and buildings. It is a unified and coordinated whole, becoming an irreplicable perfect urban model and a "peach garden" of the city. This area, which was later called "Badaguan", not only represents the style of Qingdao villa area, but is also known as the four major villa areas in China, along with Qinhuangdao Beidaihe, Lushan Guling and Xiamen Gulangyu. It typically reflects the historical appearance of the Western villa area that appeared in China in modern times. It was once praised by Liang Sicheng as "the most beautiful area in Qingdao."
Source: Qingdao Daily
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