Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi is well versed in power. After his brother Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin suddenly died, leaving behind an unsolved mystery of " Axe Sound Candle Shadow ", he took over the leadership of Song .
Reasonablely, brothers will eventually be together, and the name is not right.
Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi
Several years after he ascended the throne, Zhao Guangyi threw out the last order of his mother Empress Dowager Du " Golden Chamber Alliance ".
It is said that , the second year of Chen Qiao's mutiny, , (961) , Empress Dowager Du was critically ill and knew that she would die soon.
Empress Dowager Du called the minister Zhao Pu to the sickbed and asked Zhao Kuangyin next to him: "Do you know how you won the world?"
Zhao Kuangyin did not forget his mother's grace and gave a textbook answer, saying, "It's all thanks to the ancestors' virtues that the empress do good."
Empress Dowager Du was unhappy when he heard it. He was convinced and said, "Wrong, you won the world, it was not because Zhou Shizong passed the throne to the youngest son, leaving behind an orphan and widowed mother. The youngest country doubted that you took advantage of the loophole. In a hundred years, you should pass the throne to your younger brother Guangyi in order to protect the country forever."
However, when she said this, Zhao Kuangyin was only 34 years old, and in his prime, even though he died young a few years later, his son was already an adult, so he would not leave a 7-year-old son like Zhou Shizong, resulting in a situation where there was no leader. Empress Dowager Du’s words are somewhat contradictory.
According to the meaning of Queen Mother Du, the country of the old Zhao family should be passed on to Guangyi first by Kuangyin, then by Guangyi to his younger brother Guangmei, and finally sent back to Zhao Kuangyin's son. It is a blessing for the country to have a eldest prince. Only in this way can the public support rate rise rapidly.
Zhao Kuangyin was filial and cried to the Queen Mother, saying that he would learn from the lessons of the previous dynasty. Empress Dowager Du asked Zhao Pu to write down her words, write them into an affidavit, and put them in the golden cabin.
The Golden Chamber Alliance is full of doubts. It is unknown whether it was conspired with Zhao Guangyi and Zhao Pu. However, this move does have the effect of appeaseing people and consolidating the throne, and the ministers cannot believe it.
Zhao Guangyi was once the right-hand assistant of his brother Zhao Kuangyin
01
No matter whether this Golden Chamber Alliance is forged or not, if you dig a hole, you have to fill it out.
Zhao Guangyi clearly arranged the heir to the throne mentioned in the Golden Chamber Alliance. He named his younger brother Zhao Guangmei (avoiding the taboo of Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty, and has been renamed Tingmei) as the prefect of Kaifeng , and the son of Taizu Zhao Dezhao , Zhao Defang , Zhao Defang is actually called the prince. After
, Zhao Guangyi started his performance.
4th year of Taiping Xingguo (979) , Zhao Guangyi conquered Liao, and Zhao Dezhao followed the army. Battle of Gaoliang River , the Song army was defeated miserably, and the emperor lost all the battle. The army thought Zhao Guangyi was dead, so they planned to support Zhao Dezhao as emperor. Dezhao had no political acumen and did not object.
Not long after, Zhao Guangyi successfully escaped and returned to the camp safely, and the matter was given up.
After returning to Beijing, Zhao Guangyi thought that this Northern Expedition was unfavorable and could not be rewarded. Zhao Dezhao, the straightforward boy, was the first to dissatisfied and personally asked for rewards for those meritorious generals. Zhao Guangyi immediately retorted: "When you become emperor, it's not too late to reward him!"
This scolding scared Zhao Dezhao. His status was already embarrassing, and his uncle's words were obviously dissatisfied. Zhao Dezhao became depressed. After returning, he found a brief look and committed suicide.
Zhao Guangyi hurried to the scene and cried bitterly while holding the body: "Silly child, why bother to this point!"
Two years later, Zhao Dezhao's younger brother Zhao Defang died of sudden illness in his sleep again. He was only 23 years old and died indecipherable. The two major threats to the succession of Zhao Guangyi's throne were eliminated.
There is another hidden danger, which is Zhao Guangyi’s younger brother Zhao Tingmei .In order to avoid the taboo of his two brothers, Zhao Tingmei changed her name twice. She inexplicably became the first heir because of the Golden Chamber Alliance and became the "Mayor of Kaifeng".
Zhao Guangyi served as the prefect of Kaifeng for more than ten years, and during this period he cultivated his own political power. He knew the importance of this position well, but was afraid that Zhao Tingmei would be brainwashed by his own success theory and had a subtle relationship with it.
However, Zhao Tingmei is a Ma Daha and doesn't care about the hidden crisis at all. He talks about poetry and Taoism with the latent leader of the Southern Tang Li Yu , and has a close relationship with the Prime Minister Lu Duosun .
Li Yu is Zhao Guangyi's heart thorn. After his country was destroyed, he never forgets the past of his homeland. When he has nothing to do, he recites a few sentences "When will the spring flowers and autumn moon come?" and "When will people live in a long and regretful way" to express their anger. There are many rumors in later generations that Li Yu was poisoned by Zhao Guangyi.
His last leader Li Yu, TV stills
, and Lu Duoxun was Zhao Pu's political enemy for many years. This person has always been alert and knew that Song Taizu liked reading and often went to the History Museum to pick up books. He asked the minor official Zhao Kuangyin what books he was reading, and he also found them to read them all night long. After a few days, Zhao Kuangyin talked about the content of his recent reading, and only Lu Duosun, the civil and military officials in the court, answered smoothly. A trick like
is exposing his desire for power. After Lu Duosun was reused, he was always incompatible with Zhao Pu. After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he told the emperor that Zhao Pu had opposed Taizu's passing on the throne to Zhao Guangyi, and used it to suppress his opponent.
Zhao Pu, an old and important minister who has been in the officialdom for decades, knows the truth that one emperor and another minister. He first informed Zhao Guangyi of the Golden Chamber Alliance, and when discussing the throne with him, he said: "Since ancient times, the emperor passed on the throne to his father and son. Taizu was wrong back then. Will Your Majesty be wrong again today?"
Zhao Guangyi then realized that Zhao Pu was an ally. According to the plot of the TV series " Bright Sword ", it doesn't have to ask the second battalion commander to bring the Italian cannons, and quickly bring the pasta for friendly troops to try.
Taiping Xingguo Seventh year (982) , Zhao Tingmei was charged with treason, removed Kaifeng prefect and demoted to Luoyang . Then, he removed all official positions for his crime of collusion with Lu Duosun, and the family was driven to Fangzhou in Hubei. Lu Duosun was given the Yazhou (now Sanya, Hainan) , deprived of official titles and gifts, and will never be included in the rank of lenient sanctions and will never be able to turn over for life.
Soon after, Zhao Tingmei was angry to death by his brother because of his repeated derogatory rebellion, while Lu Duosun died of illness.
Zhao Guangyi demoted his elder brother Zhao Tingmei, Zhao Pu overthrew his political enemy Lu Duosun, and the two sang together and successfully solved the problem of heir to the throne.
The throne is destined to belong to Zhao Guangyi's family.
02
What Zhao Guangyi should beware of is the mouths of the civil servants.
As early as the beginning of his ascension, Zhao Guangyi seemed to be eager to justify his name, so he changed the year name to "Taiping Xingguo" that year. According to convention, the new emperor will not change to the new year name until the following year.
In addition, the cause of Zhao Kuangyin's death was strange. At that time, some people had guessed that the "The Records of Taizu of Song" compiled during the Taizong Dynasty was completed after three modifications. Whether some truth was tampered with and covered up, due to lack of historical materials, it has become a mystery for the ages.
At the same time, Zhao Guangyi made intense arrangements for the political situation in the DPRK to cultivate and promote his confidants.
He reused his staff members when he was in the Jin Palace. Cheng Yu , Jia Yan , Chen Congxin and others entered the court to hold important positions one after another. Xiang Gong, Gao Huaide, , , Feng Jiye, , etc., were transferred from the center by Zhao Guangyi and sent to serve as an official near the capital, which not only deprived him of his power but also facilitated control.
Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi
After he ascended the throne, Zhao Guangyi inherited the policy of emphasizing literature and suppressing martial arts established by his brother, adopted a relaxed and honest governance policy, and treated literati well in the world. It can be said that he worked hard to govern and carry forward the past and open up the future, but on the other hand, it just blocked the literati's mouth.
In order to stabilize the rule, Zhao Guangyi expanded the scale of the imperial examination, and the number of scholars who were admitted to the throne for the first time increased by twice as much as before.
Zhao Guangyi knew very well that scholars were keen on taking the exam for "civil servants" and wanted to take advantage of this to get ahead. The imperial examinations have expanded, and more literati have the opportunity to enter the government. They focus on exams and only read books of sages, so as to avoid causing trouble. Perhaps, Zhao Guangyi should have swear as proudly as Emperor Taizong of Tang back then: "The heroes of the world are entering my destiny!"
The world suddenly became quiet and happy.
In addition, Zhao Guangyi can also replace officials of the Taizu Dynasty with the Jinshi he admitted, killing two birds with one stone.
According to statistics, Zhao Guangyi reigned for 22 years and admitted a total of 1,457 Jinshi. The imperial examinations selected a large number of talents for the Song Dynasty, forming a huge literati class. The Jinshi in the Taizong Dynasty was promoted quickly. In his later years, from the court to the prefectures and counties, they were all scholars in the imperial examinations of the Taizong Dynasty, and they were all literati selected by Taizong.
talented Kou Zhun , passed the imperial examination at the age of 19, and was appointed as the deputy envoy of the Privy Councilor at the age of 32, and was deeply trusted by Zhao Guangyi. The first top scholar in Taizong Dynasty Lu Mengzheng was a prime minister twice. It only took six years from the time he passed the imperial examination to the position of rule.
On the contrary, there was no Jinshi in the Taizu Dynasty who became prime minister when Zhao Kuangyin was reigned. During this period, there were 15 top scholars, and 4 of them did not record them in " Song History ".
Zhao Guangyi changed his power behind Daxing culture and education, and there were probably many officials of the Taizu Dynasty who were sacrificed during this period.
03
In order to consolidate the throne, Zhao Guangyi tried his best to consolidate the throne, but he was indeed good at being a master, and had a very high emotional intelligence with civil officials.
Although he was born in a military family, he was a literary youth since childhood. He was "working in literature and versatile", proficient in music, good at flying white books, and liked poetry. He was the first literati emperor of the Song Dynasty.
Such an elegant emperor certainly knows how to use this to win over literati.
Zhao Guangyi saw the " National Library " Three Library left behind by the previous dynasty, and sighed, "This kind of place is not enough to hide the world's reading and attract the world's virtuous and handsome!"
So, Zhao Guangyi chose a new location without saying a word, spent money to rebuild it, and it was completed in one year. It was renamed Chongwenyuan , and it was divided into three museums, Jixian, Zhaowen and Historical Museum, issued an edict to collect books, and even used titles as rewards to encourage the people to present books.
While gathering the whole country to search for books, Zhao Guangyi gave orders, the new and old civil officials in the court, as well as southern literati from the Southern Tang Dynasty and Wu Yue gathered together, and a large number of elites participated in the editing of large-scale books such as " Taiping Yulan ", " Taiping Guangji ", and " Wenyuan Yinghua ".
Zhao Guangyi provides them with the most comfortable living conditions and working environment. Literati enjoys the welfare of the unit, devotes himself to compiling books, and is grateful, so naturally there is no time to worry about Zhao Guangyi's family affairs.
"Taiping Yulan" has been compiled for 1,000 volumes. Zhao Guangyi said he would review it himself and read three volumes a day. His subordinates persuaded him: "Your Majesty is a good thing to study, but if you do this every day, you will be very tired." Zhao Guangyi said: "I just like reading. I am very energetic when reading. Opening books is beneficial, and time will not be wasted." The idiom "Reading books is beneficial" has been passed down like this.
Zhao Guangyi's contribution to the cultural undertaking was not only a means to win over literati, but also one of his greatest historical achievements in his life.
The emperor loved reading so much that he naturally had many common topics with civil servants.
Zhao Guangyi likes to write poetry and often gives poems to ministers. The stories he plays and sings with ministers are mostly seen in historical records, but most of the poems he wrote have not been passed down. I really dare not speculate on his level.
No matter how good or bad poems are, the leader writes good poems.
Once, Zhao Pu received his poem, and was so moved that he cried bitterly. He also wanted to flatter with tears in his eyes, saying, "I will carve the poem given by Your Majesty on a stone and take it with you until you enter the coffin." This confession is similar to the vows between lovers.
Zhao Guangyi also wrote a poem to quit drinking to another minister Su Yijian .
Su Yijian is addicted to alcohol as he is known to everyone, so Zhao Guangyi wrote two poems for him, advising him to quit drinking, and asking him to chant in front of his mother.
Su Yijian never dared to drink in public again, but later she fell ill due to drinking and unfortunately died. It can be seen that after being taught a lesson by the emperor, Su Yijian just didn't dare to drink in front of others, and she would drink it privately. Zhao Guangyi couldn't help but sigh: "Old Su actually lost his life because of the cup. It's such a pity."
04
In addition to loving poems, Zhao Guangyi is also respectful to the virtuous and intimate, and treats his subjects very down-to-earth.
Kou Zhun was promoted by Zhao Guangyi. This person has a big temper and is righteous. He often makes bold suggestions and is famous for his integrity and wisdom. Zhao Guangyi also liked him: "I got Kou Zhun, just like Emperor Wen got Wei Zheng ." The sentence , using Li Shimin as the comparison target of Wei Zheng, is to praise Kou Zhun and to elevate himself.
Once, Kou Zhun came to the palace to report. It was probably because he was speaking too badly, and Zhao Guangyi couldn't stand it. He was about to get up and leave, and turned back to the inner palace.
At this moment, Kou Zhun quickly stepped forward and grabbed Zhao Guangyi's sleeve. Don’t leave now, listen to my freestyle.
If Kou Zhun meets a tyrant, he will be dragged out and chopped. Fortunately, Zhao Guangyi suppressed his anger. After all, honest advice is beneficial to action. If he wants to learn from Emperor Taizong of Tang, it is more important to maintain his image and insist on swallowing Kou Zhun's bowl of bitter medicine.
Song Taizong was good at maintaining stability. He treated civil officials like this and also wanted to win people's hearts against military generals.
One day, Zhao Guangyi held a banquet in the palace, and two generals, Kong Shouzheng, and , Wang Rong, , came to participate.
Even with your leader, even if you don’t know how to compliment, you should behave properly. Kong and Wang fell drunk after three rounds of drinking.
In order to compete for merit and reward, the two of them actually held their own opinions on the frontier war achievements. They had a big fight, and they were rude and filthy. The servants were shocked. They had never seen anyone letting themselves go like this for so long in the palace, so they asked Zhao Guangyi to imprison them.
Zhao Guangyi smiled and said nothing more, but sent someone to send the drunk Kong and Wang home.
The next day, Kong Shouzheng and Wang Rong woke up. When they recalled their words and deeds last night, they were scared and sweated in a cold sweat. They hurried to the court to plead guilty.
Unexpectedly, Zhao Guangyi said, "I was drunk at that time and couldn't even find Bei himself, so I couldn't remember it." They were all forgiven in one sentence.
05
Zhao Guangyi talked to the civil servant while talking and laughing with the generals, but he could never get rid of the shadow of his brother.
Zhao Kuangyin once commanded the imperial guards and put on the yellow robe in the position of the imperial guards in front of the palace. When it comes to military affairs, Zhao Guangyi is far inferior to his brother, so "sighed that he has the ambition to pacify the world" in order to seek martial arts to surpass Taizu.
Chairman Mao’s comments on him were “but incompetent” and “not knowing the military” .
After Zhao Guangyi ascended the throne, Wu Yue Kings Qian Chu surrendered to the land, and in the fourth year of Taiping Xingguo (979) , the Song Dynasty sent troops to conquer and destroy Northern Han .
This made Zhao Guangyi confused.
In fact, the Northern Han was already like a candle in the wind at that time, and still relying on Jinyang to hold on, forcing the Song army to retreat many times.
Jinyang, a military center built by many dynasties, has caused the Song army to suffer a lot. Every time the troops were sent, the Song army defeated the opponent's reinforcements with great force, but when they came to Jinyang City, they could not fight.
Logically speaking, after the destruction of the Northern Han Dynasty, Zhao Guangyi should learn from it and continue to build Jinyang as a strategic location to fight against Khitan . However, Zhao Guangyi's operation was really fascinating. He ordered the demolition and burning of the ancient city on the grounds that Jinyang had a royal aura. All the people in the city were evacuated and moved to Yangqu to build a new city (now Taiyuan) .
The geographical advantages of Hedong area are gone.
After destroying the Northern Han Dynasty, the ambitious Zhao Guangyi quickly started a war with the Khitan without rest and decided to recover Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures .
result, Gao Lianghe battled , Song army lost his armor, Zhao Guangyi was caught in an arrow, drove a donkey cart all the way, and got rid of the pursuit with a record-breaking escape speed.
7 years later, Yongxi Northern Expedition , the Song army divided into three groups and was defeated again.
Yongxi's Northern Expedition failed, Yang Ye fought alone
Two failed battles against Liao, and Zhao Guangyi cannot be blamed for improper command. However, Zhao Guangyi, who was very ambitious and talented, was indeed quite persistent in placing troops and deploying troops, and even wanted to draw up a formation map himself, insisting on "they will rule from the middle" .
Before Yongxi's Northern Expedition, he did not discuss with the ministers of the Secretariat and personally formulated a strategy for three marchings. After Cao Bin defeated all the way, he immediately ordered two other troops to retreat, causing Khitans to take advantage of the victory and pursued the Song army suffered heavy losses.
After the war, the minister Tian Xi wrote a letter to the direct statement: "How can you discuss the border, the brigade, and the prime minister will not hear about it."
06
At the beginning of the throne, Emperor Taizong of Song also said that he wanted "to defeat the shame for Shizong , Taizu Taizu", Feng Fenghuohuo led his army to attack the Khitan.
After several defeats, he turned to Laozi 's famous saying "A warrior is an ominous weapon, not a gentleman's weapon, and he has to use it." , which seems to be completely Buddhist.
After years of hesitation, he made the third son Zhao Yuankan (and changed his name to Zhao Heng ) the crown prince.
Since 5th , the situation of military generals chaotic politics has become a past, and the struggle for brothers and nephews to seize power will also gossip. In this dynasty, there is no gossip like the sound of axes, candle shadows, and the Golden Chamber Alliance.
However, when Zhao Guangyi heard that Zhao Heng was praised by the people as the "Young Emperor", he was narrow-minded and unhappy.
He said to Kou Zhun: "People's hearts are on the prince, where will I place me?"
The public opinion of the people is clearly damaging Zhao Guangyi, but Kou Zhun congratulated him: "This is a blessing for the country."
Zhao Guangyi had nothing to say, so he had to pull Kou Zhun to drink together, and he would stop drunk.
Singing with wine and listening to the flute and drum while drunk, the unsatisfactory things have long been left behind.
Throughout his life, although Zhao Guangyi was not good at martial arts, his political affairs were remarkable. Under his leadership, the economy and culture of the Song Dynasty flourished, the power of the monarchy was further strengthened, the two governments and three governments were finally established, and the literati served him wholeheartedly.
Song Taizong, as the second emperor of the Song Dynasty, eventually created a peaceful and prosperous era for the people of the Song Dynasty.
Although there are "a country rich but not strong" and "three redundant and two accumulations" crises, the wheel of history finally moves forward according to the blueprint in Zhao Guangyi's heart. However, for more than two hundred years after that, the weak Song Dynasty could not get out of the prestige and would pay the price of blood.
References:
[Yuan] Tuotuo: "History of the Song Dynasty", Zhonghua Book Company, 1985 edition
[Song Dynasty] Li Tao: "Such Zizhi Tongjian Changbian", Zhonghua Book Company, 2004 edition
Zhang Qifan: "Song Taizong", Jilin Literature and History Press, 1997 edition
Wang Ruilai: "A Brief Discussion on Emperor Taizong of Song", "Social Science Front", 1987 Issue 4
Zhang Qifan: "On the Imperial Examination of Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty", "Zhongzhou Academic Journal", 1997 Issue 2
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