"官网新方新方新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新It has a long history, a variety of sacrificial objects, and has a wide influence. After entering the family, Chaoshan’s daughter-in-law had to inherit the tradition of her mother-in-law and pass on this "tradition" in addition to taking care of her husband and children. Speaking of Chaoshan people, they have too much knowledge. Different "masters" have different "masters" to worship at different times. The scope is wide and the number of gods involved is beyond the imagination of ordinary people. In addition to the 15th day of the first day (some places are the 26th day of the first day), there are also heavenly master (Jade Emperor), Buddha (Tathata Buddha), Guanyin Empress, land master, God of Wealth, Yue Niang (Moon God), door god, ancestor... Especially in the first month, worshiping the master is the top priority, which concerns the rise and fall of the family and house in the year. From New Year's Eve to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, worshiping him almost every two or three days. The scene is grand.
When it comes to Chaoshan area, I believe that what I leave you is three major impressions, first is Kung Fu tea, second is Chaozhou merchants, and then the superstition of Chaoshan people. Today, I will only talk about the last aspect, Chaoshan people's superstition.
I believe many people have learned that Hakkas, Chaoshan people, and Fujian people are descendants of the ancient Central Plains people, but their superstitions indirectly retain a lot of ancient Chinese myths, but the Chaoshan people themselves did not realize that Chaoshan women have been organizing worshiping gods for the "Eight Days of the Years" all year round, but they may not be able to say what kind of god they really worship.
God created it by man, but not by hand, but by heart. We truly pay attention to superstition with a reverent heart. Superstition may not be a bad thing. In fact, God is also a human being, just like the ancestors of our own family. If a person disrespects his ancestors and is fearless, it is not bravery, but ignorant people are not afraid. Westerners all believe in gods, and even say that Chinese are pagans, but is this the truth? Let Chaojun briefly introduce the many gods in Chaoshan!
Chaoshan people call the male gods and the goddesses are grandmas. This is a custom left over from Chinese feudal society. The gods in Chaoshan come from three aspects. First, they are gods pointed out in Buddhism and Taoism, such as Taishang Laojun, Guanyin Bodhisattva, etc. Second, ancient heroes and celebrities: such as Qu Yuan, Guan Yu, etc. Third, they are primitive worship in ancient times, and of course there are other sources. I won’t talk about the gods of Buddhism and Taoism. Let’s talk about the third party first:
1, Tiangong
Chaoshan people go far The door had to give it five incense, why are the other gods three branches, just five? Those who worship gods would recite: the three incenses of heaven and earth parents, and only one in Nanchen Beidou. Indeed, the standard incense is three incenses, five or even more, and it was caused by comparing each other later. It turns out that no matter how big the gods are, they should not have more than three incenses, representing the three heroes of heaven, earth and man. The people of Chaoshan respected the gods, and they used professional words to call the worship of stars. Heaven, it turned out to be the heaven, and the representative figure is naturally the Jade Emperor in Ziweiyuan, and Nanchen, It refers to the old man star, the Beidou and the Beidou. In Taoist mythology, Nandou and Beidou are often united together, but Chaoshan is more clear that Nandou and Nanchen are two different constellations. Which modern nation will look at the sky again?
2. Shenmian Gong
This is literal translation of Chaoshan dialect , and it should be called Si in writing. The Duke of the Imperial Palace, in Mandarin, is the Kitchen God who stays by the stove all year round, collects good and evil from a family, and then reports to God during the Chinese New Year. This is easy to understand. Its myth is similar to that of all parts of the country, and it is to occupy a place in the stove. At this point, the Chaoshan people have long been better than the management. It can be seen that it can worship the same as the God of Heaven. But who is its predecessor? Or it is the God of Fire Zhurong, or the son of Emperor Zhuanxu, but I think the former is a little like a little. Who can stand the smoke except the God of Fire?
3. Landlord
Many people worshipping gods in Chaoshan area can't tell whether Bo Ye and the landlord are the same god. They are also confused. This really makes me unable to understand the direction. Fortunately, Bo Ye's book Shanhai Jing clearly explained it to me. Bo Ye, I will introduce later that this landlord is the son of the water god Gonggong, and Shennong is Those who discovered crops, Boyi is in charge of mountains, forests and wild lands, and it is in charge of growing crops. It is more difficult to start a business and keep a business, and it is easier to exist in a nameless manner. Chaoshan people confused it, but they did not forget it. Any family must have a position. The so-called landlord is actually the grassroots official in Taoism, landlords, landlords and landlords in Chaoshan area have different births, because they are people from different eras, and this is not a mess.
4. Five Grain Mother
It has never been clear whether it is a man or a woman, but it is written in historical materials. The Shennong recorded in the book is all male figures? But the Wu Grain Mother in Chaoshan area, how is it called a mother? The statues in the temple also appear with braids and women holding the statues of millet. In fact, it better reflects the Shennong era, which is actually a matriarchal society. Why does Shennong, who has tasted hundreds of grains in the matriarchal society, have to be a man? I believe that it is a woman who is more loyal to historical facts. This is how the gods who have been passed down for thousands of years are real.
5. Master Fude
The Bo Ye mentioned above is Master Fude. Chaoshan dialect retains its original appearance. It is actually Bo Yi's mispronunciation. There is a saying that: Master Bo Ye does not nod, and tigers dare not eat people. This shows that in ancient times, Bo Yi, who was in charge of the mountains and forests of Yu, was in Chao Shantou area exists as a social god. It was a hero who assisted Dayu in controlling the flood and presided over the opening of mountains and digging roads. Dayu nominally gave him the country to be responsible, but in fact it laid the foundation for his son Qi. When Dayu died and Bo Yi was killed, people across the country forgot Bo Yi's contribution and believed that Dayu was the social god. Only Chaoshan land believed that Bo Yi was the social god and the god of the country. Therefore, every time a land reclamation or a house was completed, the first thing he had to do was Xie Bo Ye.
6. Mid-Autumn Moon Niang
Chang'e is the spokesperson for Mid-Autumn Festival, but she may not be the Chaoshan people called Moon Niang. Moon Niang, burning brick towers, and sacrificial melons and fruits. These rituals should belong to another goddess. The Moon Palace is actually called the Toad Palace. The three-legged toad in the Moon Palace cannot be connected with Chang'e. It should be the familiar Nuwa Niangniang. Nuwa Niangniang is a frog, a three-legged toad. It is the ancestor god, she is also the matchmaker god, and it is also the protector of children. Therefore, Chaoshan people will naturally bring the children with them when worshiping the moon. Unfortunately, the Moon Old and Chang'e finally divided the sacrifices of Nuwa Niangniang. This concept also influenced the Chaoshan people's concepts, but its method has not changed. They are worshipped according to the Yin God.
7. Xuantian God
Chaoshan people believe in the Buddha of Xuanwu Mountain. They line up for sacrifice during the Spring Festival. They stand out from the four symbols of the blue dragon, white tiger, vermilion bird, and black womb, rising step by step, so as to reach the position of Chaoshan people being called God and Buddha. Strangely, Xuanwu should be a god in the north, but Chaoshan people just respect it so much. No matter how you say it, you should respect the Yan Emperor in the south. Maybe it comes from The worship of the ancient Yue people, turtles and snakes, compared with the ancient Yue people, Chaoshan people, as foreign nations, respecting Xuanwu is a kind of respect for the natives. But what kind of person was Xuanwu at the beginning? I agree with the scholars' research. It is the father of Dayu. Gun, who failed to steal Xirang and was killed in flood control, actually it is understandable to steal power. The key is whether it is used to benefit the people or to seek profit for himself. It chose the former, so Chaoyang people respect it. Power and money have always been the same double-edged sword. If it is used well, it is the god, if it is not used well, it is not even the human being. The above seven groups of gods are actually the incarnations of ancient gods. The following are several groups of gods unique to civilians in Chaoshan area.
1. The King of Sanshan
was originally the three mountain gods of Jiexi Siwu, Ming and Du.The real Chaoshan local self-produced gods are the main gods in Chaoshan area. The temples in Chaoshan area are their sacrificial sites. I believe they should be the bosses in the rural areas of Chaoshan area. Chaoshan people have never been able to achieve dictatorship politically, and even spiritual leaders must choose to separate the powers, and gods are no exception.
2. City God
sacrifice to the City God. The City God is regarded as the ancient city guardian god. The King of Sanshan is very popular in the countryside, but in the county town, it is managed by the City God. The King of Sanshan cannot be managed by it. It is actually not unique to Chaoshan.
3. God of Wealth
Compared with many gods of money, I only know two people, God of Wealth Zhao Gongming and God of Wealth Guan Erye , Guan Erye who is loyal and righteous, but I really can't have a good impression of it. In my mind, it is an invader, invading Sichuan and robbing the God of War. The position of Erlang Shen Yang Jian is like invading Shantou, asking Shantou to snatch the capital of Chaoshan from Chaozhou , but it is undeniable that places with wealth like to worship the God of Wealth, and Hong Kong people worship Guan Erye, so Hong Kong people have money. There are so many Zhao Gongming holding gold ingots. It seems that there were ten suns in the sky, and Houyi shot nine of them. The other eight were unwilling to accept it. Only when it devoted itself to practice, it would be a pleasure to be able to concentrate on money. This should not be considered unique to Chaoshan.
4. Dragon Tail Master
This is a unique immortal in the Chaoyang area of , the lice mother fairy He Yeyun. During the Ming Dynasty, Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang fought fiercely in Jiangxi and were shot and died. Zhu Yuanzhang's military advisor Liu Bowen is famous throughout the country, Chen Youliang's military advisor He Yeyun is discouraged, came to Chaoshan Fengshui, etc., but these are not important. His famous Fengshui is built on Lianjiang . You must know that Lianjiang is the mother river of Chaoyang, so I would rather believe that he is the river god of Chaoyang Lianjiang, who can divide the river with the King of the Three Mountains and govern it.
5. The bed mattress
There will also be a god at the head of the bed in Chaoshan area. In fact, it is the bed god. It is said that it is a hard-working couple. God feels that they respect the gods and asks Lei to beat his husband and be reincarnated as the emperor, but his wife cannot beat him. As soon as the crown prince was born, no one can stop him and cry. Only his wife in his previous life hugged him and stopped crying. The emperor rewarded it. However, it did not dare to see the high-ranking official and hid under the bed, so he sealed a bed mattress to watch the child. Until the child left the garden at the age of fifteen, it was a coming-of-age ceremony. I was glad that the kindness of Chaoshan people kept it at the bottom of the bed.
6. Pearl Empress
Pearl Empress Ancient Temple
I really can't figure out why there is this goddess in the temple. I initially suspect that it is Pimple Rat, who specializes in smallpox in children. There is no smallpox in this society. If my child believes it next time, I will tell him. If you have acne on your face, go and worship it. You should know that even acne with such severe smallpox can be taken care of. Can't you still care about acne? According to legend, Pearl Queen and Nine Heavens Xuannv were still related to a sister-in-law. Nine Heavens Xuannv was the incarnation of the "Tian Nv" who could lead thousands of miles to the naked earth during the Yellow Emperor period. It is the God of Drought and the God of War. It is a bird. Pearl Queen often worships Master Fude, and Boyi himself is a bird. Therefore, it is actually reasonable to say that Pearl Queen and Nine Heavens Xuannv are sister-in-law. (Pearl Empress is also called Mazu . However, unlike the Mazu name of the Queen Mother of the Queen, Pearl Empress is only called Mazu in Chaoshan area. In fact, many goddesses are called "Mo" or "Mazu". Generally, children in the family worship Pearl Empress if they have anything to do. It is said that they are a god who specializes in children, so every temple and palace will worship Pearl Empress.)
7, Mazu
is honored as the goddess on the sea. I still can’t figure out the sea gods of the South China Sea in China. Guanyin Bodhisattva lives in the South China Sea, and Mazu is also in the South China Sea, or they are actually the same person? So what if they are not the same person, as long as there is difficulties, call for help from them. The Lord who saves the suffering and the suffering can appear is Guanyin Bodhisattva, Mazu.
The following introduces the various gods and ancestors that a Chaoshan daughter-in-law has to face in a year:
New Year's Eve to worship the grandma
Night to worship the husband
First day of the first lunar month to worship the husband
First day of the first lunar month to worship the husband
Second day of the first lunar month to worship the husband
First day of the first lunar month to worship the husband
First day of the first lunar month to worship the gods,
First day of the fourth day of the first lunar month to fall in the sky 3rd day to worship the gods in advance,
On the fourth day of the day, worship the gods outside, ask for the Buddha's signature, ask for blessings for the year, ask for the talisman head,
On the fifth day of the first lunar month, worship the mother of the grains and the God of Wealth,
On the seventh day of the day, cook seven-color dishes,
On the ninth day of the day, the king of heaven gave birth to the talisman head, scare the gods,
On the fifteenth day of the Lantern Festival, worship the gods and the gods,
1678 battalion master .
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On February 19th, my mother gave birth to worship Guanyin.
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"Worshiping Master" In addition to burning incense and dark paper, it also has the form of "asking cup". Take two cups made of bamboo heads or wood, and then throw them to the ground after praying. If both pieces are in the opposite direction, it is a "smiling cup"; if both sides are in the opposite direction, it is a "stable cup", which is neither auspicious; if one is positive and the other is negative, it is a "holy grail", which is auspicious, indicating that the content of the prayer can be realized. This form is also used for dialogue with God. The Holy Grail means that the God agrees with your request, otherwise, he does not agree with your request.
Why do Chaoshan people believe in so many gods?
Chaoshan people love to burn incense and believe in Buddhism, but what can make Chaoshan people truly worship their ancestors and worship the gods in their hearts. According to historical records, Huang Yan's descendants have had the custom of sacrifice since ancient times. Chaoshan people only retained and improved it. Sacrifice to ancestors is a manifestation of gratitude, and the same is true for worshiping gods. In Chaoshan, the so-called gods are figures who have made great contributions to mankind, and the gods they worship are all meritorious people who have made contributions in the local area.
Whenever Chaoshan people mentioned, they knew that they like to worship gods and believed that Chaoshan people were very superstitious. In fact, this is not understanding Chaoshan's humanistic customs.Westerners believe in Jesus, Chaoshan people believe in Gods; Westerners want to worship, Chaoshan people celebrate festivals, Westerners want to repent, and Chaoshan people want to pray for blessings, the purpose is to pursue a belief in the heart and build people's self-confidence.
Once you arrive 日本 2, all villages will dispatch together to organize sacrifices and entertainment programs. Some villages will first post notices to inform you of the route, and then ask for a sign to choose auspicious days to carry the god out of the temple to patrol the countryside and alleys. It is called You Shen, commonly known as "Ying Laozi". The way to travel to each township has its own characteristics. The most common one is to hang lanterns with green bamboo poles with tips as the leading guide, and the words "Peace of Hexiang" and "Great Grains" are written on the lanterns. The horse head gong opens the way, followed by the tiger head plaque, high lantern flag, color tag, lantern, tu opera, Chaozhou gong and drum band, and finally the master sedan chair with statues of the gods.
marched, performed, and set off firecrackers along the way. Every time a "gate" was passed, a gun was set off. Every time I go there, I also hold entertainment activities such as acting and burning fireworks. Almost all relatives and friends came to see "Lao Reap". The whole countryside was filled with a festive and joyful atmosphere
Chenghai townships, and local villagers were popular on the ninth day of the first lunar month (Master Chaoshan Dialect Camp). He carried the master around the village three times, and set off firecrackers from the villagers wherever he went and presented tribute to welcome the master. Finally, the wandering god climaxed to "The Master's Day", that is, several strong men carried the Master into the temple quickly and abnormally, the faster the better, the more prosperous, the people were safe, and everything went well.
"Send the God" on the 24th day of the 12th lunar calendar. The people took it for granted that gods and immortals went to the heaven court to report their duties. On the fourth day of the first lunar month, "The God fell into the sky", and they came back to take office after the report. The villagers asked the gods to go out for a tour, with the purpose of reminding them to do their duty to protect their hometowns and ensure safety! In this way, from the fifth day of the first lunar month to the fourteenth day of the first lunar month, the "Water God" in Zhanglinying is a lively "Watching Gods" period in Chaoshan.
Why do Chaoshan people believe in so many gods?
Historical reasons:
Since the people of the Central Plains of Qin and Han Dynasties moved to Chaoshan area, they should have the custom of worshiping gods. After a long period of inheritance and variation, they have been integrated with the Central Plains multi-god folk customs, forming a distinct local color and a rich Chaoshan style; setting up idols and building temples for people to sacrifice, promoting the worship of the multi-god in Chaoshan area.
Natural reasons:
Chaoshan has few land and many people, frequent typhoons occur, sweeping all the sea when angry, and the people naturally feel fear. Under such natural conditions, fishermen want to go out to sea to catch fish, and farmers want to farm and harvest, and they will inevitably seek blessings from the gods. There is a mysterious force around the gods that transcend nature, which dominates everything for people. Only by using the ritual of worship and prayer can God’s divine power that exists in the dark eliminate disasters and bring blessings to them.
Chaoshan people worship gods, which can be seen below:
First day, fifteenth day. Jade Emperor
Second grade, sixteenth. Landlord
junior high school third, seventeenth. Mazu
4th day, eighteenth day. God of Wealth
Fifth day, nineteenth day. Grain Mother
The sixth day of the first lunar month, twenty. Pearl Empress
7th day, twenty-one. The King of Sanshan
The eighth day of the first lunar month, twenty-two. The birthday boy
the ninth day of the first lunar month, twenty-three. Guanyin
10th day, twenty-fourth. Tathagata
11th day, 25th day. Bogong
twelve, twenty-six. Lice Mother Immortal
thirteenth day, twenty-seventh day. He Xiangu
14th day, twenty-eighth. Taibai Jinxing
Master is here, hurry up and let
Whenever you see this kind of scene of the whole people being mobilized and pious, you are deeply moved. There is always an urge to follow the worship~~
Save money when you come to worship God. Whenever you come to visit God, you will try your best to kill chickens and geese. Every household will set up an oath table, place ancestors, and worship gods.
typical "spring tree" in Chaoshan. A type of radish woven from bamboo is usually a pair and divided into three layers. When rural people marry their daughters and wives, they use it to prepare tributes or gifts when they worship their masters.
worship of ancestors is a manifestation of gratitude, and the same is true for worshiping gods. In Chaoshan, the so-called gods are people who have made great contributions to mankind, and the gods they worship are all meritorious people who have made contributions in the local area.
Chaoshan area mainly includes Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang cities, as well as county-level cities such as Chaoyang, Puning . Chaoshan people are known as the 57th ethnic minority in China because they have preserved their regional culture well. Have your own language - Chaoshan dialect, your own drama - Chao opera, your own music - Chaozhou music, your own food - Chaozhou cuisine, your own celebrity - Chaoshan rich man, your own personality - struggle, unity and loyalty, your own emotions - homesickness traditional nostalgia, all of which make others admire Chaoshan people.
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