The most auspicious and auspicious passenger plane in the history of China's civil aviation
Xinjiang Airlines' "Swan Moon" logo
At 14:32 pm on August 7, 1992, at 14:32 pm, Diwobao International Airport in Urumqi, Xinjiang, a TU-154M passenger plane belonging to China Xinjiang Airlines (1984 China Civil Aviation Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Administration Government and enterprises were reorganized separately) (civil aviation registration number B-2603, purchased in 1986, the time of the incident It is 8 years old and is a young aircraft. It is the second Map 154 passenger aircraft of Xinjiang Airlines) successfully took off. The aircraft will be on a regular flight from Diwobao International Airport to Hotan military and civilian dual-purpose airport (the flight number is unknown, please add it to you all). The crew and crew on the flight are unknown (according to the preparation of Figure 154, the crew should be 5 people, and the crew should be 5-6 people), and the number of passengers is unknown, but the passengers include a Japanese tour group to Hotan and an inspection team to the Takramakan Desert.
Urumqi Diwobao International Airport
According to the original plan, the flight should have taken off a few hours ago, but because the meteorological department reported that there was an sandstorm in Hotan, the flight was severely delayed. The passenger was originally boarding the B-2607 plane, but was asked to get off the plane halfway. After waiting for a few hours at the airport, he was invited to get on the B-2603 plane again.
A corner of Hotan Airport
Speaking of the legendary story of aircraft B-2603 in Xinjiang Airlines, four years ago, on July 11, 1988, the aircraft was flying a flight from Urumqi Diwobao International Airport to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport (old) while flying over the mountainous airspace at the junction of Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces due to a thunderstorm area. The crew was forced to deviate from the established route and avoid it. After trekking, the crew was forced to land at the former Air Force Jiujiang Shilibao Airport that had been abandoned for many years. The 162 passengers (including foreign passengers), 5 crew members and 6 crew members on board were safe and sound (for details, please see our factory manager
New The B-2603 painted by Xinjiang Airlines Picture 154M passenger plane
forced a landing at Shilibao Airport. At this time, the aircraft was still civil aviation painted
. Because just one week ago, on July 31, a Jacques-42D passenger plane affiliated to General Aviation (registration number B-2755, only more than 3 months at the time of the incident) failed to take off during the flight GP7552 from Nanjing Daxiaochang Airport to Xiamen Gaoqi Airport and crashed near the airport's yard protection embankment. The three crew members, 7 crew members and 116 passengers on board were killed (see our factory manager htm for details. l10
GP-7552 flight B-2755 passenger plane crash site
Flight all the way smoothly. After more than three hours of flight, the B-2603 plane flew over Hotan, and the sandstorm still had no intention of stopping. The plane had established a blind landing approach, but the visibility outside the window was still poor. Everything outside the window was blurry and appeared and disappeared.
Visibility under typical sandstorm
Although the visibility is only more than 200 meters, the B-2603 unit still used the blind landing system and excellent technology to find the runway and successfully grounded. However, after a short distance, it suddenly became a piece of sand and dust. The visibility suddenly decreased. In order to avoid deviating from the runway, the crew decided to resume flight. Amid the roar of the three Soloviev D-30KU turbofan engines, which had reset the take-off thrust, the B-2603 aircraft was raised again.
The early painted B-2603 image 154M passenger aircraft drawn by the factory manager,
After the flight was resumed, the aircraft flew around the five sides of the field again and aimed at the runway again. This time the visibility was worse, so even the blind landing system could not guarantee safe landing. Therefore, the second attempt to land was limited to the main landing gear gently rubbing the runway at Hotan Airport and ended, and the B-2603 aircraft was forced to resume flight again.
Both attempts to land at Hotan Airport failed. There are three choices in front of the crew. First, the Kashgar Airport , which is 500 kilometers away from Hotan Airport (there is a 3,200-meter-long main runway and relatively complete support facilities); second, take advantage of the fuel to return to the airport, Urumqi Diwobao Airport ; third, continue to hover over Hotan Airport, and land again at the right time to see the visibility.
Xinjiang Airlines' early painted No. B-2603 drawn by this factory manager, picture 154M passenger aircraft details1
Xinjiang Airlines' early painted No. B-2603 drawn by this factory manager, picture 154M passenger aircraft details2
Xinjiang Airlines' early painted No. B-2603 drawn by this factory manager, picture 154M passenger aircraft details3
Xinjiang Airlines' early painted No. B-2603 drawn by this factory manager, picture 154M passenger aircraft details3
Xinjiang Airlines' early painted No. B-2603 drawn by this factory manager, picture 154M Details of the type passenger plane 4
After hovering for several laps, the crew finally decided to try blind landing again. After asking the Hotan Airport tower to prepare rescue vehicles and personnel (or after the first landing attempt was unsuccessful, the crew had already contacted the tower to request rescue vehicles and personnel to prepare), the visibility was still poor, but at least they could vaguely see the runway. It was precisely because they could barely see the runway, which strengthened the crew's confidence in continuing to approach. Finally, after a violent vibration, the B-2603 aircraft was successfully grounded for the third time. This time, it did not return to flight, but turned on the engine thrust device and brake system. As soon as these two things were started, the plane was immediately dusty and wrapped around the plane, wrapping the plane itself in thick sand and dust disappeared. In the cabin, it was also dark and there was nothing outside the porthole. Because it was a windy weather at that time, in order to grasp the approach attitude of the aircraft, the crew landed with the approach speed greater than the specified approach speed requirements of the passenger plane in Figure 154. Although the B-2603 tried its best to brake, it eventually rushed out of the far end of the runway of Hotan Airport. Fortunately, the buffer zone outside the runway of Hotan Airport was not turf but a hard soil Gobi Desert covered with pebbles, which invisibly increased the friction coefficient of the aircraft landing gear, and finally caused the B-2603 to finally stop after rushing out of the runway about 60 meters (another favorable factor is that Hotan Airport is relatively simple and does not have the necessary wall or field protection ditch for general large civil airports. The safety factor after rushing out of the runway is higher than that of ordinary civil airports. Anyone with a wall or field protection ditch may be "cup" or even a "coffee table"). The entire aircraft was safe and sound.
The only photo left behind at that time was about to land after the B-2603 plane. It can be seen that a fire truck with a water cannon was parked at the rear of the plane. The fire truck arrived shortly after the plane stopped. Multiple water guns sprayed water on the main landing gear tires that had been rubbed hot. The sudden encounter between hot and cold immediately made a "swish-swish--" sound and accompanied by white water vapor. The tires had to be replaced. Even the main landing gear that claimed to be able to take off and land on the soil turf airport runway in Figure 154 would be unable to withstand the next time (in fact, it had already withstand it twice before). Under the organization of the crew, the passengers quickly evacuated the plane in one after another within half a minute, and walked to the airport terminal under the protection of the armed police. Everyone has the feeling of surviving a disaster, as if they were a lifetime ago. A Japanese female tourist who believed in Buddhism held her hands together from the beginning to the end of the plane. She asked the Bodhisattva for blessing before landing, and thanked the Bodhisattva for blessing after landing.
Thank Buddha (God) for not killing (not accepting).
Later, Xinjiang Airlines sent personnel to Hotan Airport to tow aircraft B-2603 back to the apron and flew back to the main base of Xinjiang Airlines at Urumqi Diwobao Airport after necessary maintenance. The B-2603 aircraft, which was in distress and twice, became a legendary and lucky aircraft of Xinjiang Airlines.
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 engine: three Soloviev D-30KU turbofan engines, with a single thrust of 104 kiloN.
Economic cruise flight speed: 900 kilometers per hour
Practical ceiling: 11900 meters
Maximum range: 6600 kilometers
Load range: 3900 kilometers
Appendix: Memories of members of the Takramagan expedition team who experienced the incident
In my interview career, although I have taken planes many times, the most dangerous thing is to go to the Takramagan Desert in the summer of 1992. The plane took off from Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang, and drove to Hotan, southern Xinjiang. After arriving above the destination airport, it could not land. Finally, it finally landed and rushed out of the runway and landed on the Gobi Desert, almost destroyed and died.
At 2:32 pm on August 7, the plane "Tu154" 2603 that I and my teammates took off from Urumqi. It crossed the Snow Peak of Tianshan Mountain and soared into the blue sky. A few hours ago, we boarded the plane "Tu154" 2607 and later withdrew. The aviation lady said that there was a sandstorm in Hotan, so wait. A few hours passed and I changed to plane No. 2603 again. The plane was replaced and as usual, no one explained why to us.
I was sitting in seat 17D, and my teammate Zhou Xingjia was sitting on seat 17G, and we were next to each other. He is old Xinjiang and is familiar with both air and land. As the plane crosses the Taklamakan Desert, you can see the long beach. I looked out the window and felt confused and could not see the ground. The plane arrived over Hotan Airport and the visibility was still poor. When I was descending from the plane, I looked down again. Although it was very close to the ground, the forest nets and houses were blurred everywhere. Obviously, this area is raging in sandstorms.
Can weather like this land safely? Perhaps because the shadows of an air crash that happened not long ago at Nanjing Airport have not yet dissipated, everyone on board was very nervous and looked out the window with a serious expression.
aims at the runway, and the plane is descending rapidly. We have sensed the thunderous sound of the plane's wheels hitting the ground. According to previous experiences in aircraft landing, as long as the plane lands on the runway, it will slow down and stop within a few minutes, and we can be glad to arrive safely. However, this time the plane did not stop, but floated up again and then rose into the air. The first landing was unsuccessful.
The plane went around the air and landed for the second time. A teammate gestured with a white handkerchief sent to wipe his face when boarding the plane, saying that it was time to write a suicide note. No one paid attention to him, everyone's attention was focused on the plane landing. Some passengers leaning against the porthole pressed their faces tightly against the porthole glass, almost flattening their noses. The passenger in the inner seat did not dare to untie the seat belt and stood up, so he could only try his best to stretch his neck, hoping to get information about landing from outside the window. Similarly, the moment the wheels hit the runway, the nose of the plane was pulled up again and flew into the sky.
People familiar with Xinjiang routes say that if the plane cannot land, don’t land. You should turn to Kashgar Airport, which is more than 500 kilometers away from Hotan. The navigation equipment there is advanced and the runway is headed. Some people also say that the aircraft has sufficient oil storage and it is not a problem to return to Urumqi. Obviously, considering the danger, people are reluctant to land at Hotan Airport again.
Every country is the same, there is no democracy to talk about when taking a plane. When I got on the plane, I left it all to the pilot. The 2603 plane was circled in the sky again, indicating that the pilot insisted on making an emergency landing at Hotan Airport.
"Hey! See if the hydraulic system is malfunctioning and the plane's wheels cannot be put down!" A passenger reminded the passenger who was leaning against the porthole. "Nothing can be seen." The passenger beside the porthole replied. Since then, no one in the cabin has spoken, and they are anxiously waiting for the arrangement of fate.
This time it really landed, and the plane ran violently on the runway, making a scary roar.Five or six minutes later, a sound of crying sounded, and the Chenlong suddenly rushed up from the plane, and nothing could be seen outside the window, like a black hole that could not be seen with his fingers. A man screamed in surprise: "It's over!" A Japanese female passenger sitting next to me also folded her hands together and asked the Bodhisattva for blessing.
The plane stopped moving. After the tumbling dust slowly dissipated, I saw that the plane rushed out of the runway about 60 meters and was parked on the Gobi Desert. I suddenly thought that when I was about to shoot the scene of an accident in the plane, neither camera I could carry with me was equipped with film. At this time, the crew urged the passengers to get off the plane soon, so I had to rush to stuff film into the camera while walking.
When he walked out of the hatch door, he saw that the gangway had just approached the hatch door. A car parked on the left side of the wing. At the rear of the fuselage, there was a red fire truck parked, and the firefighters were pulling a long water pipe to spray water on the wheel. I don’t know if the wheel was overheating or burning, but the water was sprayed on it, making a thumping sound and fog was raised. It seems that when the plane failed to land for the first time, the relevant vehicles on the ground were prepared for emergency response, otherwise the car would not have come to the Gobi Desert at the end of the airport so quickly.
is on the gangway, I picked up the camera and pressed it a few times. After getting off the plane, the scene of firefighters spraying water on the wheel with water guns was filmed.
The Gobi Desert is basically flat and covered with pebbles. When walking on it, you feel that the soil is extremely hard. Perhaps it is because of its hardness or the lack of large slopes on the ground, which increases the friction coefficient of the wheels and does not cause serious bumps and tilts to the aircraft. Otherwise, we will really scream with our lives.
is in the airport, and his vision is no longer as restricted as in the cabin. Looking up at the sky, the visibility is very poor. The sun is not bright, but turns into a light blue disc because the sky is covered with dust.
The simple Hotan Airport has no barrier walls. Therefore, the scene of the 2603 plane failing to land safely is clearly seen by everyone at the airport. Perhaps, some of them are worried about us; perhaps, some of them feel that the danger encountered on No. 2603 should lead to the explosion of the plane and the flesh and blood of passengers! Otherwise, they wouldn't have hundreds of people huddled near the airport terminal, staring at our arrival in surprise. If the armed police had not maintained order at that time, it would have been difficult for us to get out of the airport.
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