In the digital era, the definition of education is undergoing tremendous changes, the boundaries of classrooms are disappearing, and museums are becoming one of the effective learning places.

Education Xiaoxin says

In the digital era, the definition of education is undergoing tremendous changes, the boundaries of classrooms are disappearing, and museums are becoming one of the effective learning places. May 18 this year is the 42nd International Museum Day. How to better play the educational function of museums and how to promote the deep integration of museum resources and primary and secondary school curriculum? A reporter from China Education Daily visited experts and scholars from the Department of Cultural Relics and Museums of Fudan University, and reported on the practical exploration of introducing high-quality museum learning resources into courses in Nanjing, Hangzhou and other places.

May 18 is the 42nd International Museum Day. The theme of International Museum Day is: "Super Connected Museum: New Methods, New Public." In order to facilitate students to use museum resources anytime and anywhere, Zhou Jingjing, associate professor of the Department of Cultural Relics and Museums of Fudan University, selected and recommended some digital museums.

You can appreciate the beauty of world civilization without leaving home. Come and have a look~

History Museum

American History Museum

National American History Museum is the largest history museum in the United States. It was established on the exhibits of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the United States in 1876. It was established in 1955 by President Eisenhower's $36 million fund, and it was officially opened to the public in 1964. It was called the National Museum of American History and Technology at that time. It was renamed the National Museum of American History in 1980. The museum collects about 17 million historical relics in the United States, including industry, agriculture, science, technology, politics, military, finance, handicrafts, transportation, post and telecommunications, textiles, medicine, clothing, music, folk customs, etc.

URL: http://americanhistory.si.edu/

German History Museum

German History Museum ( German : Deutsches Historisches Museum, abbreviation: DHM) is the National History Museum of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its mission is to show visitors the history of Germany from its early stages of birth to modern times. The exhibition not only reflects the relationship between German history and world history during its development, but also pays attention to the display of the characteristics of the region in a multi-faceted manner.

URL: http://americanhistory.si.edu/

Tokyo National Museum

Tokyo National Museum is located at the north end of Ueno Park, Taitung District, Tokyo. It has 4 exhibition halls, including the main hall, the Toyo Pavilion, the Biaoqing Pavilion and the Holongji Treasure Museum, with a total of 43 exhibition halls, and about 110,000 collections, including 87 Chinese treasures, 634 important cultural relics, and some cultural relics entrusted for storage. Japanese art, unearthed cultural relics and handicrafts are exhibited in the main hall in a classified manner. The Toyota Pavilion displays artworks and archaeological relics from Asia, Egypt and other places. In addition, the Hokraji Treasure Museum contains about 300 treasures from the Nara Hokraji Temple in the 7th to 8th centuries. There are many exhibits from China.

Website: http://www.tnm.jp/

Capital Museum

Capital Museum is a comprehensive museum integrating collection, exhibition, research, archaeology, public education, and cultural exchanges, and concentrates on displaying the historical landscape of Beijing. The museum began preparations in 1953 and officially opened to the public in 1981. The original site is located in the national key cultural relics protection unit - Beijing Confucius Temple . The new Capital Museum began trial operation in December 2005 and officially opened on May 18, 2006. The construction land area is 24,800 square meters and the total construction area is 63,390 square meters. It is divided into two underground floors and five above-ground floors. The number of permanent exhibition collections is 5,622.

Website: http://www.capitalmuseum.org.cn/zjsb/zjsb.html

Art Museum

Metropolitan Museum of Art is the largest art museum in the United States and a world-renowned museum. Located at 82 Street on Fifth Avenue, New York, USA, it is far away from the famous American Museum of Natural History and the New York Hayden Planetarium.

The museum covers an area of ​​130,000 square meters. It is one of the four major museums in the world, which are as famous as the British Museum in London, England, the Louvre in Paris, France, and the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia. The museum's exhibition hall has 3 floors and has 5 large exhibition halls, including European painting, American painting, primitive art, medieval painting and Egyptian antique exhibition halls. There are 248 exhibition rooms in the museum, and tens of thousands of exhibits are displayed all year round, but the collection includes more than 3.3 million art treasures from Egypt, Babylon, Assyrian, Far East and Near East, Greek and Roman , Europe, Africa, the pre-Columbian period in the Americas and New Guinea.

In the spring of 1981, the Astor courtyard, jointly built by China Suzhou Net Shiyuan Palace and its backyard, was completed on the east wing of the museum. The courtyard hall - "Mingxuan" displays Chinese Ming Dynasty furniture.

Here, we should educate Xiaoxin out of selfishness and strongly recommend Teacher Chen Danqing’s cultural program: "Part 2" Season 2 (played on Youku platform). This season, the recording team conducted three days of recording in the Metropolitan Museum. Audiences can follow Teacher Chen Danqing to stroll in the uninhabited museum to learn about the stories behind the well-known and unknown artworks in the Metropolitan Museum. I have followed the education of Shin-shi, and I have really benefited a lot.

URL: https://www.metmuseum.org/

Museum of Modern Art, New York,

Museum of Modern Art, New York, is located in the 53rd Street of Manhattan (between the Fifth and Sixth Avenues), and is one of the most important modern and contemporary art museums in the world today, as famous as the Tate Museum in London, England and the Pompidou National Cultural and Art Center in France.

The museum initially focused on displaying paintings, but later the scope of exhibits gradually expanded, including sculpture, printmaking, photography, print, commercial design, film, architecture, furniture and installation art projects. The collection of more than 150,000 personal works, more than 20,000 movies and 4 million movies stills, including works by many masters such as Van Gogh, Picasso , Monet , Mondrian , Dali and other masters. In addition to the collection, the entire building of the museum is also a huge work of modern art.

URL: https://www.moma.org/

National Gallery, UK

National Gallery (also translated as National Gallery), is located directly north of Trafalgar Square in central London, England. The National Gallery, also known as the National Gallery of London, was established in 1824. At that time, there were only 38 paintings, from these 38 works that George IV convinced the government to purchase Rembrand, Lar and others, they gradually expanded into national art galleries that are now mainly based on painting collections. Currently, the National Gallery has collected up to 2,300 paintings from the 13th to the 19th century, including Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael , Venetian School of Painting, British Landscape School, French Realism, Early Impressionism, Cezanne, and Van Gogh.

URL: https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/

Louvre

Louvre (French: Musée du Louvre) should be the most familiar foreign museum for Chinese people. It is located on the north bank of the Seine River in the center of Paris, France, and is ranked first among the four major museums in the world. Founded in 1204, it was originally a French royal palace, and lived in 50 French kings and queens. It is one of the most precious buildings in the French Renaissance. It is famous for its rich collection of classical paintings and carvings.

The Louvre Museum has been expanded and renovated for more than 800 years to reach its current scale, covering an area of ​​about 198 hectares and is divided into two parts: the pyramid-shaped glass entrance in front of the palace, covering an area of ​​24 hectares. It was designed by Chinese architect I.M. Pei . On August 10, 1793, the Louvre Art Museum officially opened to the public and became a museum.

The Louvre Museum contains the statue of Venus, the "Mona Lisa" oil painting and the Goddess of Victory stone sculpture, which is known as the three treasures of the world. It has an art collection of more than 400,000 pieces, including sculptures, paintings, art crafts, and six categories: ancient East, ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and ancient Rome. From ancient Egypt, Greece, Etruria, and Rome artworks, to artworks from various Eastern countries, there are sculptures from medieval to modern times, as well as amazing royal treasures and fine paintings, etc.

URL: https://www.louvre.fr/

The Louvre Museum website has a Chinese version~ It looks more convenient.

Tate Modern Art Museum

Tate Modern Art Museum is located on the south bank of the Thames River in London, England, across the bank from St. Paul's Cathedral . The art gallery specializes in the collection of modern art in the 20th century. The works of Picasso, Matisse, Andy Wachau, Mondrian and Dali attract audiences from all over the world to come and watch. The art gallery does not display its artworks according to the traditional arrangement of the ages, but divides the artworks into four categories and are placed in the exhibition halls on the 3rd and 5th floors respectively. These four categories are: history - memory - society, nude portraits - action - body, landscape - material - environment, still life - real life.

URL: http://www.tate.org.uk/

Comprehensive Museum

British Museum

British Museum (British Museum), also known as the British Museum, is located in Russell Square on the north side of New Oxford Street, London, England. It was established in 1753 and officially opened to the public from January 15, 1759. It is the oldest and most magnificent comprehensive museum in the world, and one of the four largest and most famous museums in the world. The museum collects many cultural relics and treasures from all over the world, as well as manuscripts by great scientists. The rich collection and the variety are rare in museums around the world. The British Museum has more than 8 million collections. Due to space limitations, 99% of the collections have not been released publicly.

URL: http://www.britishmuseum.org/

Palace Museum

Beijing Palace Museum was established on October 10, 1925 and is located in the Forbidden City of the Forbidden City in Beijing. It is a comprehensive Chinese museum built on the basis of the imperial palaces and their collections of the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is also the largest ancient culture and art museum in China. Its cultural relics collection mainly comes from the old collections of the Qing dynasties. At present, the Forbidden City has more than 1.8 million cultural relics, including more than 1.68 million precious cultural relics, including the Eastern Jin Dynasty Gu Kaizhi (biography) "The Goddess of Luo River" volume, Zhan Ziqian's "On Spring" volume, Yan Liben's "The Story of the Emperor's Map" volume, Li Bai's "The Story of the Yangtai Tie" volume, Zhang Zeduan of the Northern Song Dynasty's "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" volume, etc., and the collection covers almost the entire history of the development of ancient Chinese civilization and almost all cultural relics categories.

URL: http://www.dpm.org.cn/Home.html

Taipei Palace Museum

Taipei National Palace Museum (English: National Palace Museum, Taipei), is a large comprehensive museum in China and the largest museum in Taiwan. It is also one of the three major museums in China. It is located at No. 221, Section 2, Zhishan Road, Shilin District, Taipei City. It was built in 1962 and completed in the summer of 1965. The total area covers approximately 16 hectares. In order to imitate traditional Chinese palace-style buildings, the main building has 4 floors, white walls and green tiles, and the courtyard is in the shape of plum blossoms.

The Taipei Palace Museum contains royal collections from the Preparatory Office of the National Central Museum in Nanjing, the National Palace Museum in Peking and the National Peking Library, etc., including the Beijing Palace Museum, the Shenyang Palace, the Summer Palace, the Summer Palace, the Jingyi Garden and the Imperial College. The bronze ware of Shang and Zhou dynasties, jade, ceramics, ancient books, famous paintings, inscriptions and calligraphy from all dynasties are rare, including Mao Gongding , Wang Xizhi's " Kuaixue Shiqing Tie ", Huang Gongwang's " Fuchun Mountain Residence ", Huaisu 's " Self-Portrait ", etc. The exhibition hall changes exhibits every three months. As of the end of 2014, the museum had more than 696,000 cultural relics.

URL: https://www.npm.gov.tw/

Zhejiang Museum

Zhejiang Provincial Museum was founded in 1929 and was originally named "Zhejiang Provincial West Lake Museum". It is the largest comprehensive humanities museum in Zhejiang Province that integrates collection, display and research. It has more than 100,000 cultural relics in the museum, divided into seven scenic spots: Gushan Pavilion, Wenlan Pavilion, West Lake Art Museum, Wulin Pavilion, Huang Binhong Memorial Room, Sha Menghai Old House, and Cultural Protection and Scientific Research Base.

In 1993, the renovation and expansion project of the Zhejiang Provincial Museum was completed. The new museum covers an area of ​​20,400 square meters and has a construction area of ​​7,360 square meters. Ten new exhibition halls including the Historical Relics Museum, Celadon Hall, Calligraphy and Painting Museum, Coin Hall, Lu Xiaguang Art Museum, Chang Shuhong Art Museum, Ming and Qing Furniture Museum. The official website of Zhejiang Museum includes digital Zhejiang Expo and Zhejiang Expo Collection. Audiences can watch the fine cultural relics of Zhejiang Museum online.

URL: http://www.zhejiangmuseum.com/zjbwg/index.html

How to turn dead cultural relics into live textbook

—Interview with experts from the Department of Cultural Relics and Museums of Fudan University

Interview guest

Lu Jiansong: Director of the Department of Cultural Relics and Museums of Fudan University, doctoral supervisor, expert of the expert database of the State Administration of Cultural Relics and Museums.

Zheng Yi: Associate Professor, Department of Cultural Relics and Museumology, Fudan University.

Reporter: my country's "Museum Regulations" has adjusted the three major functions of museums in 2015, and adjusted the past "research, education and appreciation" to the current "education, research and appreciation". In your opinion, how does the educational function of museums in our country perform?

Lu Jiansong: Museum is an educational institution. What is the purpose of protecting cultural relics? It is to allow modern people to know it and understand it. Collection, research and storage are the basic and prerequisites, and the ultimate goal should be education, knowledge dissemination and exchange.

Nowadays, the number of exhibitions in museums in my country seems to be quite large every year, but the overall level is not high. Many exhibitions have too strong academic flavor and are not interested in the public. Why do Chinese people not want to go to museums? First, the people cannot understand. Second, the exhibition is not good to watch and cannot be watched. The third is that you cannot leave an impression and cannot achieve the effect. Some museums count how much the audience's visit rate has increased, but it does not count how long the audience has watched it. Some people come out after watching it for more than ten minutes or an hour. The museum's educational function was not fully utilized because the exhibition did not come alive.

Whether an exhibition in a museum is good or not depends on three points: it makes people understand it, find it interesting and beautiful, and can leave memories and impressions. Only by doing these three points can we achieve the purpose of education and achieve the effective dissemination of knowledge.

In my opinion, many museums have not told the "story" well now. The key to whether cultural relics can "live" depends on whether the story can be told well. This involves three technical aspects: digging out the connotation, being a good "screenwriter", and using appropriate forms.

We have made some progress in recent years, but we have not achieved real changes. Nowadays, many museums still focus on custody and research, and still do not know how to tell stories. In terms of innovative methods, there is form but no content, and they have done a lot of things. "Make cultural relics alive" is definitely our future development direction, otherwise museums will become increasingly unpopular and face the risk of being eliminated.

Reporter: You said that a museum is not a "cultural relics warehouse". Only by being a good "screenwriter" of cultural relics stories can you effectively disseminate knowledge. Specifically, what efforts are needed?

Lu Jiansong: First, we must break out of the original research scope of archaeology, cultural relics, and artifacts, and tell the historical and cultural stories behind this collection. Many museums' cultural relics guides are just a label, which ends with what dynasties and where they were unearthed. They do not explain what economic and cultural phenomena were there at that time, and what crafts were used to make cultural relics.

Secondly, telling stories alone is not enough, we must rise to the height of Chinese values, Chinese culture, and Chinese spirit. Because these objects are followed by the common values ​​of the Chinese, which contain the wisdom and spirit of the Chinese.

For example, the collection of "Jade Cabbage" in the Forbidden City in Taipei cannot only introduce its age and craftsmanship, but also tell the story behind it: this "Cabberberry" is a dowry given to her daughter by her parents. The colors of Cui and Bai are to tell her daughter to be innocent after she arrives at her in-laws' house. There are two insects on the "cabbage", which means more children and more blessings.

is the first step to dig out the knowledge behind cultural relics, but this knowledge is academic, and we must also transform it into something that the public is willing to accept. This requires the "four modernizations", that is, popularizing academic things, sensorizing rational things, making knowledge interesting things, and simplifying complex things.

The third should innovate the platform and expand the form of communication. There are many new media platforms for museum exhibitions, such as: TV forums, books, mobile clients, Weibo , WeChat, online games, animation, and cultural and creative products, all of which are their platforms. During the exhibition, you can tell the story through a guided tour. In addition to using voice, animation and other forms, the guide can also be divided into different versions, such as professional version and mass version, to meet the needs of different audiences. Special attention should be paid to the use of media such as the Internet for knowledge dissemination. Foreign museums will plan many expansionary education activities, and we have not done much in this regard.

Reporter: What are the ways in which famous European and American museums carry out educational activities for primary and secondary school students?

Zheng Yi: American Museum is regarded as "one of the most important educational resources for children and one of the most trustworthy utensil information resources." The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Guggenheim Museum provide customized art education courses for young people of different ages, and even some courses in the school are directly conducted in the museum. A very close relationship has been formed between the museum and the teachers, and jointly build a good platform for the growth of young people. According to statistics, 200,000 children and primary and secondary school students visiting the Metropolitan Museum in teams every year.

The Japanese museum is extremely open to students, and at the same time, each museum is also actively exploring the linkage mechanism with school education, providing young people with a large number of off-campus learning opportunities and experiential education. For example, the Tokyo National Museum has formed a cooperative relationship with 21 schools.

Reporter: Many experts pointed out that at present, museums in my country have shortcomings in serving basic education and improving the quality education of young people. Please make some specific analysis on this.

Zheng Yi: On the one hand, it is reflected in the lack of concepts and directly leads to the lack of action. Including due to factors such as evaluation system, safety and funding, many schools and parents are still unwilling or inconvenient to let students enter the museum. At the same time, museums also lack the spontaneous motivation to serve youth education.

On the other hand, the main way of cooperation between museums and schools in my country is "one-sided planning and design of museums - the school selects activities and projects provided by the museum." The school plays more the role of "consumer", thus forming a situation where some resources are insufficient and some resources are wasted.

In recent years, I have presided over two provincial and ministerial projects, which have allowed me to examine the cooperation work of the museum and school from the perspectives of "literature" and "education" and "integration of culture and education". In my opinion, the current bottleneck problem of library and school cooperation may not be insufficient supply, but insufficient effective supply. For schools, our museums need to build demand-oriented resource distribution services. The fundamental reason for all these problems is the lack of institutional design to "incorporate museums into the youth education system", which needs to be completed jointly by the government, museums, schools, students, parents and society. China Education Daily reporter Du Yue

travels through history and immerses civilization

——Getting to Nanjing Daishan Experimental Primary School’s museum course

“We are teachers and students of Nanjing Daishan Experimental Primary School. We volunteer to protect the brick paintings of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest and Rong Qiqi, protect history and protect the virtuous virtues of the ancestors.” Principal Guo Weixing and the 8 children’s powerful national treasure protection oath echoed on CCTV-3’s "National Treasure" program. They held the national treasure and became the guardians of the brick paintings of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest and Rong Qiqi.

It is reported that Nanjing Daishan Experimental Primary School is the only school invited to date by CCTV's "National Treasure" program. This program aired on February 4 introduces the national treasures in the collection of the Nanjing Museum - the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest and Rong Qiqi brick paintings. Principal Guo Weixing told reporters that in October 2014, the school cooperated with the Nanjing Museum to open a museum's humanities and history course. CCTV's "National Treasure" column team went to the school for in-depth research twice, and believed that the school's museum courses were fully in line with the purpose of "National Treasure" "to spread traditional historical culture, inherit the essence of Chinese culture through contemporary campuses, and promote Chinese cultural confidence." This is why the above program was created.

Use social resources to make up for the shortcomings in school curriculum construction

Nanjing Daishan Experimental Primary School is located in the Daishan affordable housing community in the suburbs of Nanjing. It is a very ordinary new school. Currently, there are only four grades, and all students come from ordinary families. The proportion of students' parents who have received higher education is relatively low, their income is low, their cultural horizons are relatively narrow, their understanding of education is relatively utilitarian, and their dependence on schools is relatively high. In response to such a realistic situation, Daishan Shijiao proposed the "life education" proposition, building three major curriculum systems: reading and morality, exercise and health, and exploration and discovery. The museum course is an important part of the exploration and discovery course.

"I especially hope that children can know where they come from, what stories have happened in the places where they live, what long history has, what splendid culture has, and pass on what they know from generation to generation." When talking about the original intention of opening a museum course, Guo Weixing said this.

is different from some schools taking their children to museums to take a quick look. Guo Weixing believes that since it is a museum course, you must cooperate in depth with the museum to ensure the professional level of the course. He told the Social Service Department of Nanjing Museum with a try-and-see attitude, but he didn't expect that the two sides hit it off.

So, in 2014, the school officially signed an agreement with the Nanjing Museum to cooperate in the development of museum courses. The school is responsible for the overall planning of the curriculum, curriculum management, teaching organization, teaching evaluation and research and development of corresponding research reports and study sheets; the Nanjing Museum is responsible for constructing the knowledge system of the curriculum, selecting teaching content, selecting cultural relics and exhibitions, training school teachers, and designing micro-exhibitions and museum experience activities for the school. Four years of practice have proved that the two sides have cooperated very well.

During the cooperation with Nanjing Museum, Nanjing Museum does not charge any school fees, and the fees incurred such as teacher transportation and the production of cultural relics during the course are also borne by Nanjing Museum. The Department of History of Nanjing University, the School of Education and Science of Nanjing Normal University, the Institute of Education and Science and other units also provided strong support. "In carrying out similar comprehensive practical activity courses, we must have the idea of ​​'not asking for my own ownership, but asking for my own use', fully integrate and utilize social resources, and make up for the shortcomings in school education in software and hardware resources. In fact, many social institutions have a high sense of social responsibility, enthusiasm, and are willing to carry out similar cooperation with the school." Guo Weixing told reporters that based on this idea, Daishan Shijiao has also cooperated with Nanjing Paleontology Museum , Nanjing Science and Technology Museum and other units to develop school-based courses in science and technology to meet the multi-dimensional needs of students in the growth process.

A variety of forms make museum courses three-dimensional and vivid

In people's impression, museums are a static display. However, the implementation forms of the Daishan Shixiao Museum courses are rich and diverse.

The Tuesday afternoon of the last week of each month is the time that students are most looking forward to. The education specialist of the Nanjing Museum will come to the school as scheduled to teach students. According to reports, so far, more than 50 employees of the Nanjing Museum have taught students at Daishan Primary School. They are good at using vivid and lively ways to let students feel the cultural value and unique beauty contained in cultural relics. Sometimes, the museum staff will also bring some replicas or pictures of cultural relics to allow students to get in touch with the "cultural relics".

Each semester, the school will organize all students to go to the Nanjing Museum for experiential learning, and the museum will design special activities for students.For example, the theme experience activity of "Ask the Sea" allows students to learn about the stories about the South China Sea, the Maritime Silk Road, and the No. 1 shipwreck of Huaguang Reef, and reproduce the glory and dreams of the Maritime Silk Road.

Nanjing Museum also helps the school hold micro exhibitions. Both parties discuss together, select some content that meets the age characteristics of students, and tailor them so that students can see high-quality exhibitions on campus. Special exhibitions such as "Napoleon Exhibition", "Southern and North Drama Art Exhibition", and "Entering the Palace of Health and Heart" have been held, and students especially liked it.

School also asked children to take the research report to the exhibition based on the micro-exhibition research and development special research report, so that they can think and understand something after reading it. The school also conducts the selection of cultural guardians, and together with the Nanjing Museum, evaluates students' course learning situation and issues certificates to stimulate students' interest in traditional culture and motivation to learn.

During the implementation of the course, the Nanjing Museum also provided special training and "passing on" school teachers. With the increase in grades and classes, the museum courses for grades one, two and three are now taught by the school teachers themselves, and the fourth grade courses are taught by the museum's education specialist.

Feel the culture through hands-on, improve the quality through integration

Guo Weixing has always believed that courses should enrich children's life experience. History and traditional culture are not abstract symbols, but should be linked to children's life experience. Therefore, in the selection of course content of Daishan Shijiao, the museum courses focus on arousing their interest in learning based on their age characteristics, and in terms of teaching methods, they adopt experiential learning methods such as drawing, doing, and acting. For example, let students compile idiom stories such as "the picture is exhausted and the dagger is revealed", learn the Han Dynasty's plate and encouragement, and make faces of characters in line-bound books, pottery and opera, experience ancient weapons, crossbows, bows and arrows, etc. The research report developed by the school in cooperation with the micro exhibition integrates the learning methods of national courses into the museum courses. The research report takes the exhibition outline as the main line and integrates knowledge of subjects such as art, Chinese, mathematics, and music. Students can organize their own teams, visit and study, and finally complete the research report. In this process, many learning goals and knowledge points are integrated and penetrated into the research report, and students' understanding of history and culture has gradually moved from fragments to structure.

Now, the museum courses of Nanjing Daishan Experimental Primary School have been highly recognized by the society and parents, and many parents even choose this school because of the museum courses. In 2016, the school was awarded the first prize of the second school-based moral education course outstanding achievements in Nanjing. "We hope that students not only like to go to museums themselves, but also take their families to museums. When they grow up, they will take their children to museums frequently. This is their true love for China's excellent traditional culture and world civilization, and it is also the greatest value of museum courses." Guo Weixing said. China Education Daily reporter Wang Ruilin

Hangzhou City introduces museum resources into history and society courses—

Museum: Open the classroom "time and space shuttle" channel

primitive settlement is close to

"Many students went to Zhejiang Museum to watch the "Yuedi Long Song" exhibition during the May Day holiday. This is the students In the photos uploaded just now, let’s take a look at which group of students this? "

" After watching the exhibition, everyone knows that our hometown Zhejiang is the birthplace of Hemudu culture. What is the connection between the museum’s exhibition and what we are learning today? "

On May 9, Zhu Qiurong, a teaching and researcher at the Hangzhou Baochu Tower Experimental School and Hangzhou Institute of Educational Sciences, started with a series of questions and questions. She asked the students to compare the "Imagination of Ancient West Asian Agricultural Settlements" on the electronic whiteboard in front of the classroom to observe what parts of the agricultural settlements are composed of? What are the characters in the picture doing? Next, students are asked to use the methods they have learned to make bold assumptions on the Hemudu and Banpo sites and carefully verify: What are the conditions required for agricultural settlements? Students who are not clear about some knowledge points or need to expand can use their tablet computer (IPAD) in their hands to enter the digital museum for inquiries at any time.

People's Education Edition, Grade 7 History and Society Volume 2, "Visiting the Primitive Agricultural Settlements", is very strange and distant for seventh-grade students who have just been involved in history. However, since I watched the "Yuedi Chang Song" exhibition before and recorded it according to the teacher's requirements, and compared the pictures in the classroom, students' historical verification and exploration activities have a preliminary foundation.

"Teacher, I saw the people shepherding at that time in the picture." "Why are you sure they were shepherding sheep?" "There is a diagram of the origin of the world's main domesticated animals on the 100 pages of the textbook."

"Teacher, the original farming tools of the Hemudu people on the digital Zhejiang University are the bone worms in the book..."

Zhu Qiurong had never taken this type of class before, and she had never seen students from this school before class. Before class, she was nervous, worried about where the classroom was stuck. As the problem exploration deepens, students' speeches are becoming more and more enthusiastic. Zhu Qiurong feels that her ideas have been verified: only by creating a real and tangible problem situation in the classroom can we change the boring and boring appearance of the previous history classroom, thereby stimulating students' awareness of exploration.

Classroom is no longer the boundary of the classroom

This innovative class presentation and related discussions are part of the regular teaching and research activities of the "Young Teacher Training Community" of History and Society in Hangzhou. Expanding the time and space of the classroom and introducing physical museums and digital museum resources into the classroom are the themes of the training community's recent concentrated exploration. Zhu Qiurong believes that teaching reform and development have reached today, we need to rethink the time and space boundaries of the classroom, especially in terms of history and social subject teaching. It is necessary to let students go out of the classroom and participate in field inspections, venue learning, social surveys, etc., but it is necessary to take into account the limited time after class for students. At the same time, safety and distance must be considered. At present, field learning cannot become a common daily learning method for junior high school students in my country. This is also the reason why they actively explore the integration of digital museums with physical museum content - history and social curriculum urgently requires this new type of curriculum resources.

At present, young teachers in this training community have made a lot of attempts. For example, in March this year, Sun Ping, a seventh-grade teacher at the Kuramaki Experimental School in Hangzhou Normal University, organized students to visit the Liangzhu Cultural Museum on weekends. In the classroom, the students restored the production and life scenes of the Liangzhu ancestors and felt the wisdom of the ancestors. Lu Yangjun, a ninth-grade teacher at Caishi Education Group, created a situation with the help of Hangzhou Songcheng resources and designed 12 sets of situation-based learning tasks. The students use 10 people as a group, choose one of the learning tasks, use the Songcheng Scenic Area map to find the task location and carry out project learning. Some school teachers led students to visit the Southern Song Dynasty Official Kiln Museum, etc.

At the same time, the training community has built a digital learning platform through the construction of the digital resource library "WeChathui" and has provided students with supporting learning materials by compiling series of expanded textbooks such as "Let's Play in Hangzhou" and "Wenbian Journey".

Behind the lively and unique classroom, there is a lot of hard work put in by young teachers. They are far less relaxed and happy when visiting the museum than students. Yang Jun, an eighth-grade history and society teacher at Jianlan Middle School, introduced that his companions used their spare time to visit major museums in depth, and they had to do three things: First, record the museum's exhibition-related information and sort them out; second, match the exhibition content with the textbooks, and list the resources that can be used in classroom teaching; third, share resources between teams, brainstorm, and discuss how the classroom can be innovated.

Young teachers have become the spark

"The community has grown in recent years because the overall improvement of the teaching level of these young teachers is obvious to all." Zhu Qiurong said that in addition to Hangzhou teachers, young teachers from Jinhua , Quzhou , Shaoxing and other places have come to participate in the training activities. According to incomplete statistics, in recent years, one of the members of the training community has been rated as a rookie in the teaching field in Zhejiang Province, and 11 have become the first batch of new teachers training targets in Hangzhou.Five teachers won excellent courses at the Ministry of Education, and 29 teachers won first prizes in the provincial, municipal and district quality course competitions and teachers' basic skills competitions.

Hangzhou "Youth Teacher Training Community" was established in 2013 and has grown to 77 people. These teachers come from different junior high schools in 15 urban districts and counties in Hangzhou. Before convening these young teachers for training, Zhu Qiurong was not familiar with these teachers. Through research, she found that young teachers generally lack teaching experience, desire professional guidance, and desire peer assistance. Especially young teachers in more remote areas need specific teaching guidance.

"We often say that every member is a fire. While moving forward, we must ignite the enthusiasm of other teachers in our school and region and carry out tangible classroom changes." As a subject teaching and research staff, Zhu Qiurong has taken the study topics of history and social projects as the starting point in recent years, and has attracted young teachers to actively participate in various teaching and research activities through new classroom teaching exploration and demonstration, which has promoted the formation of an active and democratic teaching and research atmosphere, and has also promoted the common growth of young teachers. China Education Daily reporter Du Yue

Article source: China Education News Network-China Education Daily May 16th, the 9th edition of the course weekly