Zhou Enlai's hopes
Xu Xiaoyan brought a letter, and the signature of the letter was Mao Zedong, the old rival who had fought with Chiang Kai-shek for more than 20 years.
Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek during the Chongqing negotiations
Chiang Kai-shek felt uneasy when he received this letter. He didn't know what the top leader of the Communist Party of China, as the winner, would say to him, but when he opened the letter and read it, tears burst out in his eyes.
Mao Zedong's letter was not as arrogant as the winners in the past, but was filled with the traditional warmth and tolerance of the Chinese people. In his letter, Mao Zedong said that cross-strait reunification is the general trend. As long as Taiwan returns to the motherland, all other issues can be respected and properly handled.
Mao Zedong also proposed the famous ", one outline, four-eye ", including "After Taiwan's return, except for diplomacy that must be unified with the central government, all major military and political affairs arrangements will be handled by Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Cheng", "There are insufficient military and political construction costs in Taiwan, allocated by the central government", "No one will be sent to undermine the unity of the other party" and so on.
After careful reading, the "one outline and four eyes" actually tastes like ", one country, two systems, " decades later. It is true that "one country, two systems" originated from Mao Zedong's innovation in the political system.
Chiang Kai-shek did not expect that Mao Zedong could be so generous.
And when he read "The tomb of Fenghua is still there, and the flowers and plants in Xikou are safe. Welcome Mr. Jiang to go back to his hometown to take a look after the motherland is unified" , tears immediately soaked his eyes.
There is no doubt that this sentence accurately hits the softest part in Chiang Kai-shek's heart.
The elderly Chiang Kai-shek was with his family
Chiang Kai-shek recalled that when he returned to Xikou, his hometown in Zhejiang, he cried bitterly before the Jiang family's ancestral tomb, saying that he could no longer protect his parents in the future because he sent someone to dig Mao Zedong's ancestral tomb and believed that Mao Zedong would "repeat the person with his own way."
But unexpectedly, Mao Zedong not only did not ask anyone to dig the grave and expose the body, but also repaired the Jiang Family Ancestral Hall and ordered people not to destroy every brick and tile. When Chiang Kai-shek heard this, he was immediately grateful.
There is another line of words at the end of the letter: "Taiwan, Pengerang, golden horse, lips and teeth depend on each other, looking at the south sky from afar, cherish everything!"
Just a few strokes completely aroused Chiang Kai-shek's homesickness. After reading the letter, he only said slowly to Xu Xiaoyan, who came to deliver the letter, "Thank you for your hard work", and there was nothing else.
But Mr. Jiang's heart has already caused a stir. He has long lost the ambition to "counterattack the mainland". What else can a once powerful figure have in his seventies? It’s just that falling leaves return to their roots and bury their bones in their hometown. The sentence at the end of the letter
was added by Zhou Enlai.
For the unification of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, Zhou Enlai was worried about it.
Zhou Enlai
On December 20, 1975, Zhou Enlai, who was seriously ill, met with Luo Qingchang, director of the Office of the Central Leading Group for Taiwan.
Luo Qingchang waited outside Zhou Enlai's ward until noon before Zhou Enlai woke up. Zhou Enlai, who was tortured by the disease, still asked Luo Qingchang about the recent situation in Taiwan.
Luo Qingchang reported to Zhou Enlai about the situation of Jiang Ching-kuo and the situation of a group of friends in Taiwan. Zhou Enlai nodded.
Zhou Enlai said: "HTM3 Taiwan issue is best solved by our older generation. . The cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China and . We have experienced it. Otherwise, there may be more nights and more dreams in the future." When Zhou Enlai talked to Luo Qingchang, he was tortured twice by illness and could not speak. After he said these words to Luo Qingchang, he fell into a coma. This was also the last time Zhou Enlai talked to the head of a central department.
Zhou Enlai knew in his heart that Chiang Kai-shek was an important driving force in solving the Taiwan issue.But I didn't expect that Chiang Kai-shek, who was routine on weekdays and even doctors believed that he could live to 95 years old, actually walked ahead of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, which made the Taiwan issue only leave to future generations.
The elderly Chiang Kai-shek was holding a meeting
Taiwan is a topic that cannot be avoided by the Chinese nation after all.
The dream of liberating Taiwan by force was shattered
Time went back to March 15, 1949, on that day Xinhua News Agency published an editorial "The Chinese People Must Liberate Taiwan". According to the plan of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the battle to liberate Taiwan can be implemented in three steps: the first step of
, mainland China should quickly form a navy and air force to control the sea as soon as possible; the second step of
, liberate the islands along the southeast coast as soon as possible, clear the periphery, and establish a frontier position to attack Taiwan; the third step of
, launch a comprehensive battle against Taiwan, and the completion time is no more than three years.
At that time, the Communist Party proposed a plan to fight against Taiwan was very determined, and it was quickly put into practice.
In July 1949, Liu Shaoqi visited the Soviet Union secretly. He told Stalin that the Chinese Communist Party was preparing to attack Taiwan around 1950, asking the Soviet Union to provide about 200 aircraft and help China train pilots, and Stalin agreed.
At the same time, the People's Liberation Army has repaired at least dozens of airports in central, eastern and southeastern coasts, and has also stepped up the purchase of landing ships in Hong Kong, Macao and other places, preparing to land on Taiwan.
Third Field Army prepares for Taiwan
On May 17, 1950, the Front Committee of the Third Field Army of the People's Liberation Army of China issued the "Several Opinions on Ensuring Victory in the Attack on Taiwan", preparing to ask Su Yu, deputy commander of the Third Field Army, to lead 500,000 troops to invest in the Attack on Taiwan.
The 500,000 People's Liberation Army sharpened its knives along the coast of Fujian, waiting for the battle, and Chiang Kai-shek, who was hiding in Taiwan, was in panic all day long.
June 25, 1950, Taipei Shilin Official Residence .
Chiang Kai-shek was eating breakfast with his eyes dull, and the delicious chicken soup seemed to be chewing wax in his mouth. Chiang Kai-shek didn't know how long this kind of life could last. The news that the US military would give up Taiwan and the CCP's hundreds of thousands of troops were coming to attack had already been heard. The prices of small Taiwan Island soared, and dignitaries and celebrities and merchants fled in panic.
The officers and soldiers who fled to Taiwan with him couldn't even eat enough, so how could they take up weapons to fight the People's Liberation Army? I’m afraid that as soon as the People’s Liberation Army landed, they would raise their guns and surrender. Everyone is Chinese, who would defend such a small island and resist stubbornly?
"You Americans can use Taiwan to do your articles, and I, Jiang, can also use Taiwan to do my articles," Chiang Kai-shek muttered in his heart, "We can use each other again that day... But it would be too late if you don't come..."
Chiang Kai-shek (first right) was with Soong Mei-ling and American guests
Suddenly, his son Chiang Ching-kuo rushed in and shouted loudly to his father:
"Dad! The Korean War broke out!"
"Heavenly Father is great!" Chiang Kai-shek raised his arms like a conditioned reflex, and the chicken soup poured all over him.
For Chiang Kai-shek, there was more than one "good news". Su Yu suddenly fell ill because he studied tactics day and night, and he was not ill. It took a whole year for the illness to recover.
The People's Liberation Army's first chance to liberate Taiwan by force was shattered with the outbreak of the Korean War and the head coach's illness.
The changing situation in the Taiwan Strait
The house was leaking and raining overnight . Almost at the same time, a horrifying bloody storm spread throughout Taiwan.
In order to solve the Taiwan issue, the central government not only prepared for war on the southeast coast, but Zhou Enlai installed more than 1,800 (perhaps more than this) intelligence personnel on Taiwan Island before he was liberated. These intelligence personnel took Cai Xiaoqian, the founder of the "Taiwan Communist Party" who is familiar with the people of Taiwan, as secretary, and were fully responsible for intelligence collection in Taiwan.
"Red Agent" arrested in Taiwan
, but these more than 1,800 intelligence personnel were all arrested by the Kuomintang authorities in March 1950! At that time, the Kuomintang authorities, who were still hostile to the CCP, implemented the attitude of "those who follow me will prosper, and those who go against me will perish". Only those who live under torture can survive, while those who are "stubborn" were taken to the execution ground of Machang Town, Taiwan to be executed.
What is infuriating is that the initiator of this storm was not the Kuomintang authorities, but the red agent leader Cai Xiaoqian. This man was greedy for pleasure, but unfortunately he was arrested by the Kuomintang and could not stand the torture and coercion and temptation, and shamelessly confessed to all the list of CCP agents in Taiwan.
Then, there was a large-scale search that swept the entire Taiwan Province.
The search was no less than the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup in 1927. Yan Huixian, an old underground member of the Communist Party of China, , Taiwan Power Company, , Liu Jinyu, , special commissioner of the East China Bureau of the Communist Party of China, and Chen Baocang, director of the Fourth Army Station of the Joint Logistics Headquarters, were all brutally killed by the Kuomintang authorities. Among them, General Wu Shi, the highest agent lurking in the political circles of the Taiwan military and the deputy chief of staff of the Kuomintang’s “Ministry of National Defense”, was also killed on June 10, 1950.
Chinese Communist Party Agent Wu Shi was tried in Taiwan
The intelligence personnel who escaped death all gritted their teeth at Cai Xiaoqian. This bad news reached Beijing. In addition to being shocked and sad, Premier Zhou Enlai also came to a helpless conclusion:
The Communist Party’s plan to solve the Taiwan issue in the 1950s is probably not possible.
Zhou Enlai's inference was correct. When China finally won the Korean War and was about to turn around to deal with Taiwan, it found that the Kuomintang had signed a "Common Defense Treaty" with the United States, and completed "land reform" on the island of Taiwan, stabilizing the political situation on the island and winning the hearts of the people of Taiwan.
There is no doubt that the "land reform" trick was definitely learned by Chiang Kai-shek from Mao Zedong.
On January 18, 1955, the People's Liberation Army of China carried out the first coordinated operation of the three armed, navy and air force since the founding of the People's Republic of China, conquering Yijiangshan Island , known as the "Taiwan Gateway". The US-Chiang military group was panicked, and the United States began to gather troops in , Taiwan Strait, to jointly fight against the possible island-landing operations that the CCP may adopt.
Although the two sides have a "Common Defense Treaty", the United States and Chiang Kai-shek have their own plans. Chiang Kai-shek hopes that the United States will help him win space for survival, while the United States wants to use this treaty to instigate the division of Taiwan from China.
Chiang Kai-shek (left) and Stilwell and Soong Mei-ling
Zhou Enlai believes that if the troops were sent to recover Taiwan at this time, we would not say whether the PLA was sure of cross-sea and landing islands. First of all, the people of Taiwan would not stand on our side, and it might also trigger direct conflict between China and the United States, which had a negative impact on China, which was still poor at the time.
And it is gratifying that although Chiang Kai-shek is still hostile to the CCP, he adheres to the "one China" policy. Whether Americans are conducting elections in Taiwan under the guise of "democracy" or using tricks to get Chiang Kai-shek out of power, Chiang Kai-shek is holding power firmly in his own hands and not letting Americans succeed no matter what they say.
Regarding Chiang Kai-shek's behavior of not wanting to be a sinner for the eternal period, Mao Zedong once admitted: "It is better for Chiang Kai-shek to be the 'president' in Taiwan!"
Although the situation in the Taiwan Strait took a sharp turn, Chiang Kai-shek's attitude of "one China" gave Zhou Enlai an opportunity in diplomacy.
"There is only one China!"
"The Chinese people should not fight with the United States. The Chinese government is willing to sit down with the United States government to negotiate and discuss and ease tensions in the Far East , especially the issue of easing tensions in Taiwan."——Speech by Zhou Enlai at the Bandung Conference
Zhou Enlai's speech at the brink of
"The Chinese people firmly oppose the conspiracy of the United States to create the 'two Chinas'; any international conference or any international organization, as long as there is a possibility of a 'two Chinas' situation, China will never participate; any international agreement, without the participation and signature of the Chinese representative, will be no binding on China. "—Zhou Enlai refuted the US statement of "two Chinas"
"The Chinese people have two possible ways to liberate Taiwan, namely the way of war and the way of peace. The Chinese people are willing to strive to liberate Taiwan in a peaceful way under possible conditions. "——Zhou Enlai's speech at the 15th meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
"Anyone who is willing to return to the mainland to visit relatives and friends can return to the mainland; anyone who is willing to return to the mainland to visit and study can also return to the mainland; anyone who is willing to take the path of peaceful liberation of Taiwan, no matter who is anyone or no matter how serious the crimes they have committed in the past, the Chinese people will treat them leniently and not blame the past. "——Zhou Enlai's public statement to his compatriots in Taiwan
" If Chiang Kai-shek was willing to return Taiwan to the motherland, it would be a great contribution, and the Chinese people would forgive him. "—What Zhou Enlai said when meeting with Indonesian foreign guests
...
Throughout the 1950s and 1970s, whether at home or abroad, Zhou Enlai used his unparalleled sense of responsibility to make the loudest cry to the world - There is only one China in the world! Taiwan is part of China!
Zhou Enlai and Chen Yi drink with
It is obvious that Zhou Enlai turned the call to liberate Taiwan into a peaceful solution to the Taiwan issue, and his attitude towards Chiang Kai-shek was much more relaxed than in the past. This statement of
undoubtedly touched Chiang Kai-shek.
After that, Cao Juren went to Beijing twice in succession. Zhou Enlai told him: “The Kuomintang and the Communist Party have cooperated twice. The first cooperation was the success of the National Revolutionary Army Northern Expedition ; the second cooperation was the victory of the War of Resistance, which is all fact. Why can't there be a third cooperation? "
" Taiwan is an internal affairs issue, and it is a patriotic one. Why can't it cooperate to build it? "Zhou Enlai talked to Cao Juren, "We are not going to surrender to Taiwan, but we need to negotiate with each other. As long as the regime is unified, everything else can be sat down and discussed and arranged together. "
Later, under the promotion of Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong sorted out the leniency policy of Taiwan's Jiang father and son, and wrote it into a letter, asking Zhang Zhizhong to ask someone to bring it to Chiang Kai-shek. The content in the letter is the famous "one outline and four eyes".
Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao
In 1965, Chiang Kai-shek's son Jiang Jingguo once again asked Cao Juren to go to Beijing. This time, Premier Zhou gave Cao Juren a letter with his own ingenuity and asked him to bring it to Chiang Kai-shek. In this letter, there is a poem "Linjiangxian" written by Mao Zedong, two of which are: "The bright moon is still there, when will the colorful clouds return? "
, who is almost 80 years old, Chiang Kai-shek couldn't help but burst into tears when he saw these two sentences and lost his mind.
From this time on, the issue of cross-strait reunification began to show light.
, Zhou Enlai, with his superhuman wisdom and amazing energy, worked hard to promote the development of Taiwan Strait relations in the next few hours. Although he didn't know when Taiwan will return to the embrace of the motherland and whether his efforts will be wasted one day, Zhou Enlai's firm Chinese heart has not changed for decades.
In 1960, Zhou Enlai specially asked someone to send photos of the tomb of Fenghua, Zhejiang and Jiang’s mother to Taiwan, and also gave special notes to relevant departments to take care of Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Cheng’s relatives in the mainland. Chiang Kai-shek burst into tears again after learning about it and was deeply impressed;
From 1959 to 1964, the central government successively pardoned six batches of Kuomintang war criminals, totaling 296 people. They were grateful to the Communist Party and spread the party's policy to Taiwan overseas;
PLA and the National Army war criminals
...
Zhou Enlai often Say to the people around him: "You must be patient with Taiwan's work and do more work to be 'natural' and 'the melons fall'. Don't be too anxious while doing your work, don't make a sarcasm, put national interests first, and everything should be discussed in the long run."
The easing of cross-strait relations
, 2, just as cross-strait relations were in full swing, mainland China entered a special period of history. Chiang Kai-shek, who was far away in Taiwan, was very angry when he heard that the ancestral tomb in his hometown in Xikou had been destroyed, so he had a lot of doubts about the CCP. The Taiwan Strait relations that had finally eased were about to show signs of regression.is hard to imagine. Without Zhou Enlai's wisdom and talent, and without this decade-long ambassador-level talks between China and the United States, the United States would not establish diplomatic relations with our country under the conditions of recognizing that Taiwan is our sacred territory. ——Former , Chinese Foreign Ministry , Wang Bingnan, deputy minister of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, , ,
,
Zhou Enlai was also very angry, so he personally came forward to protect Chiang Kai-shek's ancestral property and house in his hometown, and also invested in the repair of the Jiang family's ancestral tomb, which made Chiang Kai-shek very grateful.
Jiang Family Ancestral Hall
After the Sino-US relations were eased, in order to prevent the Taiwan Strait relations from being affected by the special period of the mainland, and to appease Chiang Kai-shek, Zhou Enlai sent Zhang Shizhao, who was 92 years old and once a senator in the government of the Republic of China, to Hong Kong to clear his connections and contact Taiwan. Zhang Shizhao was full of confidence at the time and said that he only needed three months to complete the task.
But Zhang Shizhao never came back after he left.
92-year-old, coupled with illness, may also be that the easing of cross-strait relations made him too excited. Zhang Shizhao died in Hong Kong on July 1, 1973.
Mr. Chapter Shizhao interprets what "devote all his energy and die until he dies."
Since then, more and more patriots in Taiwan have returned from the United States to visit. Zhou Enlai has met them many times during his serious illness, which has deeply moved many Taiwanese compatriots. At the same time, the Taiwan Hall of the Great Hall of the People was also established under the personal care of Premier Zhou.
Taiwan Hall of the Great Hall of the People
Taiwan Hall after the Taiwan Hall was built, Zhou Enlai felt it was too small. After consideration, everyone decided to change the larger Zhejiang Hall on the first floor to the Taiwan Hall, which was also very conspicuous. Afterwards, Zhou Enlai met many Taiwanese compatriots at the Taiwan Department. They all said that Premier Zhou was very kind and the Taiwan Department also felt very homely.
Once, American scholar Li Nanxiong and others visited the country. Zhou Enlai said to them: "Chang Kai-shek is from Zhejiang. He now rules Taiwan. We will change the Zhejiang Department into the Taiwan Department and hand it over to you. This is great!"
Li Nanxiong and others laughed.
Zhou Enlai said again: "Chairman Mao said he was placing his hopes on the American people, which is said from the whole world. In Taiwan, I want to say he was placing his hopes on the Taiwanese people."
Zhou Enlai's words "placing his hopes on the Taiwanese people" were published in overseas publications, which made countless overseas compatriots feel deeply.
Zhou Enlai's efforts were not in vain, and cross-strait relations have never been as harmonious as they are now.
In 1975, Chiang Kai-shek made a shocking news through the Kuomintang veteran Chen Lifu : "You can ask Mao Zedong to visit Taiwan."
Mao Zedong was very happy after hearing this. He asked Deng Xiaoping and said, "You can go to Taiwan on behalf of me. The two sides of the Taiwan Strait can take this opportunity to achieve the 'three connections' as soon as possible."
Zhou Enlai and Nixon clinked cups
Chen Lifu was also excited to publish an article in Hong Kong "If I were Mao Zedong", which said: "Welcome Mao Zedong and Zhou En to visit Taiwan and reopen the negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek to benefit the people of the country."
There is finally hope for peaceful reunification between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait!
But unexpected events happened. At this moment, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly passed away.
Zhou Enlai has long been ill due to excessive work.
Zhou Enlai's last regret
The next day, Mao Zedong learned about Chiang Kai-shek's death in West Lake, Hangzhou. He felt mixed feelings. He only ate a little lunch and listened to Zhang Yuanqian's farewell lyrics " He Xinlang " in the record machine over and over again.
No one could understand Mao Zedong's mood at that time, except for the three words "I know" he said when he first heard the news.
elderly Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai-shek's death caused the loss of an important driving force for solving the Taiwan issue on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, which means that the generation of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai could not solve the Taiwan issue, and this regret could only be made up for later generations.
Zhou Enlai was very worried. He was afraid that there would not be enough time; he was afraid that the older generation of revolutionaries who had experienced cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party would die one after another, resulting in the Taiwan issue being unresolved for a long time; he did not understand Chiang Ching-kuo and was worried that Taiwan Strait relations would regress with Chiang Kai-shek's death; what he feared the most was that he was sorry for his descendants.
Hong Kong's "Seventies" published "Interview with Chiang Ching-kuo's Old Ministry of Crazy Cheung-kuo", and Xinhua News Agency's " Reference News " divided the article into 4 issues and serialized it. The article mentioned that Cai Shengsan judged the policy attitude towards Taiwan and the mainland after Chiang Ching-kuo came to power, that is, the "three will not betray Taiwan":
first, will not betray Taiwan, sell yourself to foreign countries for honor;
second, will not surrender to the mainland;
third, will not mess up Taiwan, can do something.
At that time, Zhou Enlai was terminally ill and was admitted to the hospital. On average, he had to undergo an operation every 40 days. Although he was on the bed, he was still concerned about the treasure island of Taiwan that had been dreaming of for decades. Zhou Enlai is a must-read for any news about Taiwan in Xinhua News Agency.
zhou Enlai
On September 4, 1975, Zhou Enlai invited Luo Qingchang and Qian Jiadong to analyze the real situation of the article "Interview with Chiang Ching-kuo's Old Ministry Cai Sheng San" and commented on the sickbed. At the end of the comment, Zhou Enlai dragged his sick body and wrote down the four words "support" with his already trembling hands. The four "support" characters
contain most of Zhou Enlai's lifelong efforts to Taiwan, and it is also a symbol of his sincere request to future generations for his sincere request to future generations.
It can be imagined how unwilling Zhou Enlai was when he wrote the four words "官网" in the last days of his life!
On January 8, 1976, Premier Zhou Enlai, who was tortured by illness, passed away. After Zhou Enlai's body was cremated, his ashes were kept for a day in the Taiwan Hall he personally ordered, and then transferred to the memorial service venue.
According to Zhou Enlai's last wish, the staff divided his ashes into three parts and sprinkled them on the land of the motherland. The first place is the 0,000-mile Great Wall , which symbolizes the wisdom of the Chinese nation; the second place is the Miyun Reservoir , in Beijing.
Zhou Enlai's last ashes were scattered at the mouth of the Mei River in Tianjin, hoping that his ashes could flow to Taiwan along the sea water, so that the people of Taiwan could truly feel the eternal and unchanging hot temperature in his body.
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