You are anxious about your child’s mathematics, and have prepared a lot of teaching aids, and even let your child go to enlightenment classes and interest classes. But do you really know what the key abilities of mathematics are? You will do better by easily enlightening your children in daily life.
article | Huang Yangming
Ph.D. in psychology, University of York, UK,
Associate Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Fu Ren University, Taiwan,
Logical thinking ability is a gift for children for their lives
What exactly is mathematics?
In the eyes of some parents, mathematics is an exam subject and children need a good score; some parents believe that mathematics can exercise their computing ability, and later calculations are "fast, ruthless and accurate".
. In the eyes of psychologists, the real key to learning mathematics in is to cultivate children's " number sense " and "logical thinking ability".
Number sense is the feeling of numbers, which refers to a person's ability to understand and use numbers, including whether he can flexibly deal with numbers, disassemble problems, and look at problems from different perspectives. The cultivation of logical thinking ability can help children face and solve various problems calmly in the future and become the person needed by the future world. This is the best gift that mathematics can bring to children.
For preschool children, the most important thing is to help them lay a solid foundation and then develop a good impression of mathematics . As long as you can do these two things, there is no problem. If parents find out how you let your child learn and make him feel disgusted, then they should find out where the problem is early and help the child solve it.
The six major aspects of mathematics enlightenment are only one of them.
If you want to help your child with mathematics enlightenment, what abilities should you start with? Mathematical enlightenment for preschool children includes six major aspects: quantity, shape, space, classification, rules, and elastic thinking.
Why is the quantity just one part of it? Why are abilities such as classification, rules, and flexible thinking related to mathematics learning?
First of all, let’s talk about classification. classification itself is a very fundamental ability, because to be able to classify, you must be able to mark things in a certain way. For example, when you want to distinguish a group of foods according to meat and vegetarian food, you may use whether there is meat as a mark. Those with meat are meat, and those without meat are vegetarian food.
Through classification exercises, they can also help children establish the concept of "rules" , because rules are a relatively abstract concept. If they directly talk to their children about what rules are, they may find it difficult for them to understand. But if they are asked to put things together according to similar degrees and then guide them to think about why these things are put together, they can bring the concept of rules into it.
So why is elastic thinking important? Generally speaking, we always believe that the rules of mathematics are straightforward, and the meaning represented by each symbol or formula is fixed, and there is no elasticity to say. But this is not the case. For example, there may be many ways to solve the same mathematical problem, all of which can achieve the purpose of solving problems.
For example, when we want to calculate 9+7, of course we can choose to do the addition directly, but we can also choose to disassemble 7 into 1+6, which becomes to calculate 9+1+6, because 9+1 equals 10 is easy to calculate, so we can quickly calculate the answer is 16.
Therefore, after learns to follow the rules, mathematics also requires children to perform without violating the rules. This is elastic thinking.
After we understand the six aspects of mathematical enlightenment, we know that we must decompose the internal combinations of mathematics and practice separately. Only when we truly face mathematics with numbers and questions can we have a foundation for answering.
Mathematics is an abstract concept, and it is difficult to teach abstract concepts directly to another person in language, not to mention that the object is a little child. uses various items, toys, etc. in life to let children learn through practical operations and specific experiences, and the children will have a particularly deep impression. Remember that children’s learning is from concrete to semi-specific, and then abstract concepts, so mathematical enlightenment must be based on senses, and senses are the preparation learning of mathematics.
Mathematics enlightenment in daily life
Mother and dad may want to know what part of the ability to cultivate when their children are old? First of all, we should remind parents that because each child has a different development, you need to observe your children more.
In fact, when children are a few months old, they can have the ability to classify when they are and , and can tell who is the main caregiver and who is not the main caregiver. When you reach , you can make some distinctions between size and quantity and quantity.
For example, when my child eats nuts, he often says, "I want the big one, dad eat the small one." So it can be seen that even if you cannot do detailed calculations, children's estimates of more or less of things are actually far better than we imagined.
2-3-year-old children can start to recognize the names of numbers or start practicing calculating things.
You will find that as you grow older, the difficulty in the goal is also increasing. Therefore, we can also dynamically adjust the mathematical enlightenment methods for children by targeting age requirements and the level of our children.
For example, 3-4-year-old children, we can take him to the bakery and find out with the children that there are various shapes of bread in the bakery, so that the children can feel that things have different shapes, which is very interesting. In addition, you can work with your children to find and discover things that use numbers as marks in your life, such as phone numbers, clocks, calendars and price tags for goods.
4-5-year-old children, when we go to the bakery, we can let the baby describe the various shapes of the bread by themselves; we can also guide the child to understand and feel the meaning of "number" is used in different places, and the meaning is different. For example, the number indicating the temperature in the weather forecast represents the hot and cold conditions; the number on the clock indicates the morning and evening of the time, etc.; the number on the washing machine represents how long it takes to finish the clothes.
5-6-year-old baby has a perception of shape and number and will give a brief description. We can further discover the rules with our children, feel the role of numbers, and encourage them to make simple reasoning.
For example, if you find and experience the formation arranged in a certain order with your children, it is fairer to queue in order. Provide music, children's songs and stories with repetitive melodies and words, or use patterns arranged in an orderly manner in the environment, such as New Year's paper cutting, tiles arranged at color intervals in the kitchen, etc., to encourage children to discover and feel the regular beauty, and even try to design regular lace patterns themselves, create certain regular movements, or carry out building activities according to certain rules.
Finally, we can also let children feel the fun of using mathematics to solve problems. For example, when a child is playing ball, jumping rope, jumping long or throwing a sandbag in a game, teach the child to determine the ranking by counting and measuring. When solving the problem of fair distribution in the baby's life, the distribution can be evenly distributed using corresponding or calculated methods.
In short, in the process of children learning mathematics, do not overemphasize efficiency, but focus on how children understand the essence of mathematics. Let the child feel that mathematics is useful to him, so he should study hard.
Other ways to enlighten math
Mathematics and thinking are very abstract and unconcrete things. If you do not have proper planning, it will easily make your child feel disgusted. When we help our children enlighten them, we should concreteize these things so that they can see and touch them, and feel that these things are related to them.
So we can also use the following three ways to familiarize children with math.
1. Picture book. For example, the " Hungry Caterpillar " that you have at home. When you know different fruits from your children, just count how many they eat.After reading the story, parents can bring their children with them when they go to the market to buy fruits. They can test how many kinds of fruits their children know, ask what colors they are, and even ask the children to help them choose fruits. I believe that if they are fully affirmed by their parents, the children are very happy to help.
2. Cartoon. My child likes a cartoon, PegCat (Peg and Kitten), which tells the story of a little girl and a cat. They encounter many problems related to mathematics in their lives. They must understand mathematics in order to solve the problems. This cartoon animation is very vivid and beautiful. Each episode may introduce one or two math topics, but the child will not think that he is learning mathematics at all, but will think that he is watching a very interesting detective cartoon.
3. Play board games. has a game called Pig Friends that I like very much. The most original version of this game, as the name suggests, is that there are many pig and dog picture cards. These pig or dog picture cards have many different attributes, and there are some slight differences between card and card.
Use this picture card to play many games, such as giving children a few cards, asking them how many of these cards are wearing sunglasses, and training the child to calculate the number of . You can also ask your child to classify according to a certain attribute of the picture card, such as classification based on whether the animals in the picture card raise their left hand or right hand.
Similarly, using this picture card, you can also let your child deduce the rules of . For example, parents can think of a rule in their mind and ask the child to choose a card. You tell the child whether the pattern of this card conforms to the rules in your mind. See how fast the child can guess what the rules in your mind. This set of picture cards can also be used as elastic thinking . For example, at the beginning, ask the child to classify according to one attribute, and then ask him to use another attribute to classify.
Summary
2-6-year-old children learn mathematics, and the sense of number and logical thinking ability are the most important;
Mathematics enlightenment has six aspects, and number operations are just one of them;
integrates mathematics into daily life, and uses picture books, cartoons, board games and other methods to make children fall in love with mathematics.
Never use math classes to help your children in mathematics enlightenment, otherwise it may kill your children's interest in mathematics. ❖
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-