At 12:52 on September 5, 2022, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurred in Luding County, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province. is the largest earthquake after the magnitude 7.0 earthquake in Jiuzhaigou in 2017. As of 11:56 on the 6th, 65 people have been killed.
In addition to grief, we are also paying attention to news on the front line of earthquake relief. One of the news was particularly eye-catching: On the morning of the 6th, according to relevant media reports: all buildings in 62 hotels in epicenter Hailuogou html 2 collapsed.
2 hotels have all collapsed.
Episode 0Hailuogou is located inHailuogou Town, Luding County, Hailuogou Glacier Forest Park here. has rich tourism resources, so a hotel is built for accommodation for foreign tourists. However, this earthquake caused the two hotels, Daxi Movie Resort Hotel and Long March Hotel, to collapse.
When the earthquake came, Mr. Xu, the owner of Daxi Film Resort Hotel, was on the 6th floor of the hotel. When he felt the shaking, he was about to run down. However, after a while, the entire hotel in began to tilt and then collapsed directly from the 2nd floor.
At that time, Mr. Xu had 4 people in the hotel, and all 4 were buried. Three were successfully rescued, and one person who was rescued died due to ineffective rescue. Although Mr. Xu is safe, when he recalls the passing of the earthquake, he still feels very scared: "I have never seen such a fierce earthquake."
We also have a question about this: Since the house is located in the earthquake zone, why are the houses in the earthquake zone so unseasonable? Although the earthquake was not small, and Hailuogou was located in the epicenter area, However, a 6-storey hotel should have certain earthquake resistance. It is indeed unexpected and difficult to accept the complete collapse.
"Weak and shock" houses
In fact, my country's earthquake belt is far more than this part of Sichuan, and the houses that collapsed due to the earthquake are far more than these two hotels in Sichuan.
Because my country is at the junction of three major plates, the earthquake disaster is very serious. Since the 20th century, the number of people who died in earthquakes in my country has reached 550,000, accounting for more than 50% of the global earthquake deaths.
my country's seismic activities are mainly distributed in 23 seismic belts in five regions. These five regions are: Taiwan Province and its nearby waters, southwest region, northwest region, north China region and southeast coastal region.
In these earthquake zones, every time a large earthquake occurs, many houses will collapse, and we all know that earthquakes actually cannot kill people. Most of the victims of are killed by house collapse.
2008 Wenchuan earthquake , brick and wood buildings are the direct cause of serious disaster losses;
2010 Qinghai Yushu earthquake, Most houses in Yushu area mostly use prefabricated cement boards, and the house structure has poor seismic resistance performance;
2014 Yunnan Ludian earthquake, local houses have poor seismic resistance ability become the main reason for magnitude Although small disasters are large,
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Why are houses in the earthquake zone "weak and shock"?
From the earthquake disasters again and again, we can see how important it is to improve the standards for seismic defense of houses. However, similar tragedies are often still happening. Why is this? Is it because the country has no requirements for the earthquake-resistant design standards for houses?
In fact, the country has issued the " building seismic design specification " in the last century. The goal of its seismic fortification is summarized as: small earthquakes are not damaged, medium earthquakes can be repaired, large earthquakes cannot fall, and the lowest target of is: "Not collapse or life-threatening serious damage occurs." From this, it is judged that when the intensity of the earthquake of the local earthquake exceeds the building seismic fortification standards, building damage is inevitable. but "shaking but not falling" is normal, and it is unreasonable to collapse directly and completely collapse.
However, although the country has standards and specifications, there is still a certain distance between theory and practice. It is not easy to fully comply with the standards and specifications in specific practices, especially in China, that the houses in the earthquake zone of are still "weak and shocking". There are probably the following possible reasons for .
First of all, Poverty and disaster are often associated with each other. The poorer and backward the place is, the greater the losses you suffer in earthquake disasters. Many of the 23 major earthquake zones in my country are relatively poor areas, and the buildings in poor areas have a very low seismic resistance.
In 11 years before the earthquake in Ludian, Yunnan in 2014, an earthquake occurred here in 2003, with a magnitude of 5.1. Although the magnitude is not high, it still caused several people to be killed and more than a dozen people were seriously injured. After the earthquake, county issued guidance on subsidies for earthquake-resistant housing, and would give a subsidy of 10,000 yuan to villagers who have achieved earthquake-resistant effects.
But this plan has not been promoted at all. The earthquake-resistant house that meets the requirements of will cost more than 100,000 yuan. The subsidy of is not enough at all. and , many farmers in , Ludian County, , per capita annual income is less than 10,000 yuan. will not spend so much money to build this house, nor can they afford so much money. Many farmers have this idea in their minds: it will be fine once the earthquake is over, and it is difficult to realize that earthquake-resistant houses will help their lives at critical moments.
That's it. After 11 years, many people still died under the ruins of collapsed houses, which is heartbreaking. Staff from the Yunnan Earthquake Bureau also said: " is in Yunnan, especially in remote prefectures and cities, and infrastructure, especially farmers' self-built houses, is basically not earthquake-resistant." is not only in Yunnan. In remote and backward places in my country, farmers' self-built houses rarely meet earthquake-resistant standards. These houses are free from the national construction quality system and are basically unregulated. Examples like
are the same in foreign countries. Once a poor place encounters a disaster, the blow will be very big: Japan, which also has frequent earthquakes, began to popularize earthquake-resistant fortification construction in the 1960s and 1970s. In 2005, 7.0 earthquake occurred in Fukuoka , Japan, and only one person died in the earthquake; in 2003, the 6.8-magnitude earthquake occurred in Bam, Iran, which killed more than 30,000 people, which was very terrifying.
Secondly, supervision is out of place. At present, my country has no special acceptance plan for earthquake-resistant design. Generally, acceptance is organized by the supervision unit, and the government will only participate later. In other words, what the government functional departments see is the "concealed finished product" of , and the main construction quality of is still controlled on the project.
So according to the procedure, supervision is an important part of the implementation of the seismic design specification . However, the loss of the supervision mechanism means that the specifications of seismic design cannot be effectively guaranteed during construction. will lead to the emergence of many "scrap projects". For example, the two completely collapsed hotels mentioned at the beginning of the article are likely to be shoddy projects that do not meet the standards.
written at the end
No matter what, How my country supervises earthquake resistance standards for houses, especially houses in earthquake zones, still has a long way to go. This requires the inclination of national policies, government funds, and more importantly, supervision by relevant departments. We also hope that similar tragedies can be reduced and fewer and fewer people will be taken away in earthquakes.
Author: Qiao Mu
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