is not absolutely safe to live on the earth. Although with the development of human technology, we have already possessed a certain ability to change the environment, the disasters caused in nature are still that humans cannot resist.
Among various natural disasters, common ones include typhoons, floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, etc. When these disasters come, humans do not have a good response. The only thing they can do is to detect the occurrence of disasters as soon as possible and prepare for them.
Due to the development of information technology capabilities, the spread of information between humans has been very fast now, and the monitoring capability of the environment has also made great progress. Therefore, most disasters can actually be discovered by our in advance and prepared a response plan.
But among many disaster types, we still cannot accurately detect and prevent earthquakes until today. You can only passively take corresponding response measures after an earthquake occurs.
What is even more terrifying is that the infrastructure that cannot be easily destroyed by disasters such as tornadoes, typhoons, and tsunamis. The reinforced cement , which has always protected us from safety, has become the main cause of harm to humans under the damage of earthquakes. Because the earthquake mainly destroys buildings such as through , the collapsed building will fill the people living in .
Nowadays buildings are generally built very high, making people feel more insecure in earthquakes. So today we will talk about which one is safer in low floors or high floors when an earthquake occurs?
The reason why the earthquake caused the building to collapse
First of all, we need to study what is the reason why the earthquake caused the building to collapse.
Before building a building, architects must preset the required seismic resistance rating of the building. In areas where earthquakes occur frequently, the seismic resistance of the building will definitely have higher requirements.
buildings will be divided into four seismic defense levels: A, B, C and D according to their function and importance. Class A and B will require to have a higher defense intensity than local seismic fortifications. For example, the local fortification level is an 8-magnitude earthquake, then Class A and B buildings will be required to be able to defend against magnitude 9 earthquakes, while Class C and D buildings are required to be on par with local fortification buildings.
Our country's requirements for the earthquake resistance of buildings are: small earthquakes are not damaged, medium earthquakes can be repaired, and large earthquakes cannot fall . So under normal circumstances, both high-rise buildings and ground-rise buildings will have relatively strong earthquake resistance.
However, there will always be deviations between the regulations and the actual situation. It is impossible for everyone to do exactly as the regulations. Therefore, when an earthquake occurs, may still cause a tragic situation of house collapse.
When 's house structure system is poor, the earthquake resistance design is incomplete, and the corners are cut during construction, the risk of house collapse in will rise sharply during earthquakes. Therefore, there is a famous saying in the construction industry - only buildings will be when earthquakes are not killed. This sentence always reminds everyone in the construction industry that the safety of residents is in their hands.
If there is no problem with the quality of the house, it is likely to be able to support it in an earthquake. As long as the house does not collapse structurally, whether it is high or low, can ensure its own safety when the first earthquake shock wave arrives, and then quickly evacuate the site after the earthquake.
earthquake shock wave is divided into three types, namely horizontal wave, vertical wave, and surface wave . Under the action of these three shock waves, the jitter generated by the earthquake will also have different manifestations, which will cause the building to shake up and down, swing horizontally, and twist left and right. In more cases, the seismic wave will be a comprehensive manifestation of these shock waves.
The main body of the building is built from reinforced cement . Cement is a very hard but relatively brittle substance , so steel bars need to be added to increase its flexibility .
Therefore, general shaking will not cause building damage, but if the shaking is strong enough, the cement wall will break . After the cement breaks, the steel bars can still hold on to for a period of time. This is the best time for to escape . However, if the earthquake intensity of is very high, then the building may also collapse instantly.
If the longitudinal wave of the earthquake wave is relatively strong and the building is bumpy, the load-bearing column on the bottom floor of itself has to bear the weight of the entire building . The weight it bears suddenly increases during the bumps, so the building will be like a nail, is inserted directly into the ground , so the lower floor will directly sink into the ground, and the third floor of becomes the first floor .
If horizontal wave is very strong, then the building will break or dump . During the dumping process, the moving trajectory and speed of the high floors are larger, so the high floors of are more susceptible to damage . Of course, generally the dumping buildings will not be able to maintain their original state due to their own weight. It is very likely that will cut off in the middle, and people on the high floors will be even more dangerous.
If the earthquake wave causes the building to twist , this is the most dangerous situation, because the twisting force is the most likely to cause the entire building to collapse. All earthquakes are very sudden. Generally, the vibration will end in a few seconds, and it will not give humans too much time to react. Therefore, if the building collapses during the earthquake wave attack, it will be difficult for to escape , whether on the high or low floors.
Which is safer, low floor or high floor?
In an earthquake, the dangers of high and low floors in are actually about the same as those of . When longitudinal wave attacks, the lower floors are more dangerous . When horizontal waves attack, the high floors are more dangerous . The intensity of the earthquake is too high and the building collapses directly, regardless of the height of the floors, is also very dangerous .
If you have to worry about it, it is actually a bit more dangerous for the low floor of . Because generally, when the seismic wave arrives, first comes into contact with the low floor , so the damage to the low floor is the most direct. Then the seismic waves will propagate upward along the floor , and because the height of the high floors is higher, the swaying of will be more obvious.
If the building does not collapse , the shock waves received by the low floors of are stronger. They are hit between the weight of the building and the seismic waves, and the possibility of damage to the low floors is higher. Therefore, the walls of in the building are more likely to be damaged and fall off and smashed into the residents' .
Although the shaking of the high floor is more obvious, has a low floor as a buffer , so in fact, the damage caused by is very low , and the people in it are safer. Therefore, the dumping of heavy objects caused by earthquakes is also one of the main causes of casualties caused by . At this point, the low floor of is more dangerous than the high floor .
However, there is still a very obvious difference in floor height, that is, escape distance . When an earthquake strikes, it is impossible to escape by taking an elevator, because the elevator is more dangerous, and the shaking of the earthquake may even cause the elevator to fall directly, so the escape route in the building is only stairs .
In the current residential community, the floor can reach up to 33 floors. The staircase leading from the 33rd floor to the 1st floor is at least and hundreds of meters away from . It takes at least minutes to from the top floor to the first floor. Residents on low floors can urgently evacuate the building within or more seconds .
. In earthquakes, except for a very few major earthquakes, buildings will not collapse instantly. At least buildings can last for dozens of seconds. Therefore, during this period, the lower the floor of , the more likely it is to successfully escape . How should we deal with the
earthquake?
There is a saying on the Internet that can’t run away, and small earthquakes don’t need to run away .Earthquakes are generally divided into nine magnitudes of . Generally, earthquakes with less than magnitudes of will not have any impact on life. earthquakes with .5 to 4.7 magnitudes of will make people feel the obvious vibrations of . earthquakes with above 4.7 magnitudes of may cause damage to buildings. Each earthquake rating is 1 magnitude different, and the seismic wave energy contained in will be 30 times different.
Generally, earthquakes below magnitude 6 are unlikely to cause too much damage. In earthquakes above magnitude 6, there may be obvious dangers in . Earthquakes have a characteristic, that is, the intensity of the earthquake in will weaken as the distance from the epicenter increases . Therefore, in earthquakes, only the epicenter of will be significantly damaged .
Generally, when an earthquake hits, the first thing we should do is not panic too much and keep calm , because people are always easy to make unwise choices when panic.
For example, when an earthquake hits, some people will jump out of the window to quickly escape from the building, but forget that they are in a tall building, or think that the height of the third and fourth floors will not be too big a problem, but often the damage caused by jumping off the building is much higher than that caused by earthquakes .
so staying calm is the most important thing. Then during the earthquake, we cannot escape from the building rashly, because all human actions will be significantly affected during vibration. Even if we want to evacuate from the stairs, it is easy to fall at this time, and may also be damaged by the wall falling from the stairwell.
So we should hide in the bottom of furniture such as wardrobe, table, bed, etc. as soon as possible to avoid being damaged by debris or walls. After the vibration is completely stopped, evacuate from the building as soon as possible. Do not increase the time of stay indoors for reasons such as taking valuables, because life is always more precious than money.
After the earthquake is over, there is a high possibility of aftershocks, or the main body of the building has been significantly damaged by during the earthquake. It is also possible that will dump after this period of time. Therefore, the evacuation time at this time can be said to be minute to compete for . After evacuating the building, try to go to a relatively open place to avoid being hit by the dumped building.
How to warn for earthquakes?
Although until now, people still cannot accurately warn of the occurrence of earthquakes, the propagation speed of seismic waves is far lower than that of human information , because theoretically, our information propagation speed is the speed of light, while the transmission speed of seismic waves is only 6.5~3.5 kilometers per second.
So now our infrastructure has a relatively complete earthquake early warning and detection mechanism . Generally, at the moment of an earthquake, uses the epicenter as the center and uses text messages, software, TV and other methods to provide earthquake early warning to surrounding areas.
Therefore, the surrounding areas can generally obtain a response time of more than ten seconds or even one or two minutes. Those who receive the warning can make corresponding response measures based on the detected earthquake intensity and remaining time .
Conclusion
Although the earthquake is terrible, our scientific and technological level is also constantly improving. I believe that one day in the future, we can predict the arrival of earthquakes like weather forecasts.
Before such a future comes, what we can do now is to make fully prepared for earthquakes and , actively participate in earthquake-responsive drills, plan the escape route in advance, , prepare emergency escape packages at home, and install earthquake warning software on your mobile phone. Now, make one more preparation for , and you can increase your chances of survival when an earthquake hits .
In general, modern buildings have strong enough defense capabilities for earthquakes. Generally, earthquakes below magnitude 7 can leave us enough time to deal with them, so there is no need to worry too much about the height of the floor.
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