China Daily, December 7 (Reporter Liu Kun, Correspondent Jiang Chaochang) On the afternoon of December 2, in Huangshi City, Hubei Province, Daye Lake is shining in winter, with clear water quality and fish swimming in shallow bottoms; the lake is full of boats and fishermen work, and the annual fishing season has begun.
Fishing nets gathered together, and thousands of fish leaped. The lively mandarin fish are dazzling.
"Mandarin fish is a species that is highly sensitive to changes in water quality. In the past two years, the water quality of Daye Lake has been getting better and better, and the market for pure ecological breeding of mandarin fish has also risen." Ma Xufa, a professor at the School of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, told reporters.
Once upon a time, Daye Lake was still a well-known "sewage lake". In recent years, with the deepening of lake management, the lake environment has been completely renewed, and the lakeside villages that "rely rely on water to draw water" have also ushered in a golden period of development and revitalization.
"Daye Lake can have the beauty of today and fishermen can have such a harvest, all of which are inseparable from the guidance and help provided by experts from Central China Agricultural University." Ming Fangguo, general manager of Daye Lake Ecological Culture Tourism Development Co., Ltd., told reporters that whether it is ecological purification, water quality restoration, fishery breeding, and industrial development, the scientific and technological support of the expert team has played a key role.
The story starts in 2017.
"Beautiful Daye Lake" photography competition selected the work "Daye City, City, on the side of the city and lake", shooting location: Qinglong Tower Section of Daye Lake. Photo by Huang Zheng'an
From "terminal illness" to "harmonious coexistence"
Daye Lake is an important shallow lake in the southeastern region of Hubei Province and an important river-connected lake along the Yangtze River. It has a water area of 65 square kilometers. It is the largest lake in Huangshi City. It has various functions such as flood control and flood regulation, agricultural irrigation, and fishery breeding. It is called the "mother lake" of the people of Huangshi.
However, since the 1980s, a series of problems such as illegal lake filling, overfishing, and disorderly emissions have occurred frequently, which once caused Daye Lake to be "terminal ill". At that time, the water surface of Daye Lake was filled with garbage, illegal fishing incidents were repeatedly banned, and the task of controlling the lake was arduous and arduous.
Due to the long-term predatory fishery breeding model, the long-term water body of Daye Lake has a Class 5 water quality. As the water quality deteriorates and the fish species deteriorates, the livelihoods of fishermen are also in trouble.
Municipal Government is determined to govern Daye Lake. In 2017, Daye Lake Ecological Culture Tourism Development Co., Ltd., a lake area governance entity, found the Aquatic Products College of Central China Agricultural University, which has rich experience in water environment governance and fishery breeding, and decided to carry out in-depth cooperation in the fields of lake fishery development and environmental governance.
In order to protect the ecological environment of Daye Lake, the two sides have successively cooperated to carry out projects such as Daye Lake fishery water purification, aquatic vegetation restoration, water quality improvement, garbage salvage and cleaning, and established a teaching research base with Central China Agricultural University. The two sides have cooperated on topics such as how to promote the ecological water environment restoration of Daye Lake, ecological and healthy breeding of surface ecological and biodiversity of Daye Lake, and restoration of the ecological biodiversity of Daye Lake.
Under the guidance of an expert team led by Professor Ma Xufa, Daye Lake Ecological Farming has determined that ecological fish fry with purified water quality such as silver carp and bighead carp are used as the main fish species, continuously increasing the biodiversity of Daye Lake water, and innovating the concept of aquatic vegetation restoration in response to the lake's hydrological conditions, planting aquatic vegetation such as bitter grass and water lilies, restoring 1,493 acres of aquatic vegetation.
"Under the guidance of experts, we have determined the idea of ecological breeding and always keep the lake fish density at a relatively scientific level." Ming Fangguo introduced that the lake area has established a working mechanism of "scientific stocking and moderate fishing" in accordance with the idea of "scientific stocking and moderate fishing", and has established a working mechanism of "two release seedlings once, more release less, and catch the big and keep the small", completely reversed the past situation of Daye Lake's predatory fishery operation and continuously promoted the continuous improvement of water quality.
Professor Ma Xufa from the School of Fisheries of Central China Agricultural University introduced that the expert team also continues to monitor fish growth and biological characteristics in the lake area, do a good job in assessing catchable fish resources and fishery resources, and provide services in water quality and bait biological detection.
At present, the total number of aquatic vegetation groups in Daye Lake has reached 32, with a net increase of more than 20 species. The self-reproduction and recovery area of aquatic vegetation is about 7,000 mu, which has enabled the healthy development of the lake from algae-type lakes to grass-type lakes, achieving "harmonious coexistence and development of fish and water". The biodiversity of fish in lakes has increased from less than 20 species in the past to more than 60.
"The experts from Huanong come to guide us every month. Last year, more than 30 teachers and students were waiting in Daye Lake for five consecutive months. This scientific spirit and professional attitude moved us deeply." Ming Fangguo told reporters.
From "driving water by relying on water" to "raising water and protecting water"
Through four years of hard work, the water quality of Daye Lake has changed from 80% of the water bodies in the past to the fifth category, and now to 40% of the four categories, 40% of the three categories, and 20% of the second category, biodiversity has increased significantly, and the construction of beautiful villages in the lake area has been continuously promoted, ending the predatory development business model, and embarking on a path of sustainable development of "green ecology, fishing strengthening fishing".
Ming Fangguo said that since the cooperation with China Agriculture experts was launched, there has been no environmental alarm in Daye Lake. The ecological, social and economic benefits of the lake have been fully utilized and have been highly recognized by surrounding residents and environmental protection departments.
"Scientifically stocking, people put them in the sky, don't put a grain of fertilizer, don't give a dose of medicine, Daye Lake's ecological fish has good quality and good taste, and the sales price is higher than the same variety of fish. The market is in short supply and the output value exceeds 100 million yuan every year!" Ming Fangguo introduced that the fishing season in the past two years has not yet begun, and the fish catch has been booked in advance by chain fresh food supermarkets.
According to local Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau cadres, after the Daye Lake was under management, it not only drove the surrounding fishermen to sell high-quality aquatic products, effectively helping farmers increase their income, but also successfully lifted out of poverty in the past. Some villages' collective economic balance sheets "turned from negative to positive", with a total of 22 administrative villages and more than 3,600 fishermen benefiting from it.
Daye Lake ecological breeding has made Lianhua Village taste the sweetness: a group of fishermen work by the lake to receive their wages; after opening nets every year, the village also receives dividends every year.
From "relying on water to drowning water" to "raising water and protecting water", it is not just Daye Lake. In Yangxin County, Huangshishi, a team of aquatic products experts at Huazhong Agricultural University closely combines the latest aquaculture technology with local characteristic advantages and bears fruit.
In 2018, Huangshi Beifu Ecological Breeding Co., Ltd. cooperated with the School of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University to develop the "Rice-Shrimp Symbiosis" technology, and established the first academician and expert workstation in Yangxin County, adopting the "company + base + cooperative + e-commerce + farmers" method to achieve the combination of government, industry, education, research and application, and promote the development of industries and farmers to become rich.
37-year-old Dong Keliang is the head of the Hualiang Breeding Professional Cooperative in Yangxin County. Five years ago, he quit his job from Zhejiang and returned to his hometown, contracting more than 300 acres of land. Under the guidance of an expert team led by Gao Zexia, a professor at the School of Fisheries at Central China Agricultural University, he adopted the "rice-shrimp symbiosis" technology to increase the yield of crayfish per mu by 50%, and the contracted land changed from loss to income of nearly one million.
"I used to think that the professors were all arrogant, but later I found out that when they came to the site to see the breeding situation, they rolled up their trousers and went down to the field." Dong Keliang said that from breeding selection and breeding to feeding feed, to disease prevention and control, Professor Gao taught them methods and techniques step by step. "Under the careful guidance of Professor Gao, I have also become a 'local expert' in the rice and shrimp industry."
Professor Gao Zexia, a professor at the School of Fisheries of Central China Agricultural University, told reporters that using the three-dimensional ecological technology of "rice and shrimp symbiosis", rice fields never apply pesticides, and use physical control, insecticide lamps and crayfish to kill pests; at the same time, the excrement of crayfish provides high-quality natural organic fertilizer for rice and shrimp, and the ecological rice planted completely meets the natural green food standards.
Tuhanba scientific name is China's Sha Tang Feng. It is one of the six wild fishes in the Yangtze River that have been domesticated in our province after the ban on fishing in the Yangtze River. In order to solve the people's need to eat fresh rivers after the fishing ban in key waters in the Yangtze River Basin, Central China Agricultural University has leveraged its scientific research advantages and successfully bred and domesticated the wild fish of the Yangtze River in China, such as the Chinese Huasha Tangfeng, and established a pilot research project on large-scale cultivation of Chinese Huasha Tangfeng in Yangxin County to help the local fishery economy develop.
Yangxin Bairong Aquatic Products Co., Ltd.'s "Rice-Shrimp-San" special breeding model also benefited from the support of the expert team of China Agricultural University.
"By breaking through artificial large-scale breeding technology, it can not only make up for the vacancies on the people's dining tables and meet the people's demand for Jiangxian, but also increase the breeding variety selection of farmers and drive farmers to increase their income." Le Shaohua, deputy director of Yangxin County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, introduced.
"Science and Technology Support is the hard core force for farmers' prosperity and rural revitalization"
In July 2020, Central China Agricultural University launched the "Rural Revitalization Jingchu Tour". Ten thousand teachers and students went deep into the fields to give full play to the advantages of science and education, and empower Jingchu's rural revitalization.
Especially around the "five major actions" such as the "Chucai Service Agricultural Industry Action", all units of the school have actively connected with 17 cities and prefectures in Hubei Province, carrying out precise docking, precise service and rural revitalization demonstration points, and achieved certain results.
Li Zhaohu, president of Central China Agricultural University, said that agricultural universities were born and prosperous because of agriculture and continued to provide strong scientific and technological and talent support for agricultural and rural modernization. It is the original intention and duty of agricultural universities.
Since launching the "Jingchu Tour of Rural Revitalization", Central China Agricultural University has formed a new model of scientific and technological service work with "leaders, departmental coordination, college docking, teacher participation, and student response". Teachers and students go deep into farmland, factories, mines, enterprises, and workshops to focus on scientific and industrial issues, or to consult and take in-depth research, or to provide precise suggestions. In the new era, teachers and students go to the countryside, and the picture of "traveling" is full of pictures.
In Huangshi, the School of Fisheries of Central China Agricultural University and the Yangxin County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau jointly organized a special breeding training course, and had in-depth exchanges with relevant enterprises' technical personnel and farmers.
The rural revitalization demonstration construction site Chengui Town, where Yuan Fuer Village is located, carried out technical training on rice-shrimp symbiosis breeding and tangerine high-yield and excellent yield technology training. The professors and farmers went to the Chunlan Family Farm in Chengui Town, walked into the fields, and carried out on-site technical guidance.
"Without technological support, there is no way to talk about farmers' income growth and beautiful rural construction, and there is no way to talk about rural revitalization. Scientific and technological support is the hard core force for farmers' prosperity and rural revitalization!" Ming Fangguo said that in the future, the school-enterprise cooperation will be deepened and implemented, so that science and technology will continue to shine and heat up in rural revitalization.
"Blue Water, Blue Sky, Golden Land" was filmed on October 9, 2019 at the shore of Daye Lake. Photo by Ming Qingsong
Source: China Daily Network
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