A modern proletarian revolutionary in China, an outstanding member of the early Communist Party of China, an important leader of the central government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, the first attorney general of the people's regime, the founder of the education and influence sy

Liang Baitai Martyr (1899-1935), also known as Yuelu , html January lun Lu , whose courtesy name is Susheng and his nickname is Tiyun, was from Xinchang, Zhejiang. A modern proletarian revolutionary in China, an outstanding member of the early Communist Party of China, an important leader of the central government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, the first attorney general of the people's regime, the founder of the education and influence system of China's labor reform, the drafter of the first red constitution, is known as the pioneer and founder of the people's legal system and people's justice, and is a pioneer in governing according to law and governing the country according to law. During the Second Agrarian Revolution War, I made immortal contributions to the Red Revolution in China.

Liang Baitai Martyr

Liang Baitai, born in Chalin Village, Xinlin Township, Xinchang, Zhejiang in September 11899. In 1918, he studied at the Zhejiang Provincial No. 1 Normal School in Hangzhou and began to accept progressive ideas. He often read magazines such as " New Youth ".

1919, Liang Botai in Hangzhou actively participated in the "May Fourth Movement" and was baptized in the storm of fighting against the warlord government. Establishing the ambition of "putting oneself into the country, striving to shoulder state affairs and protecting the country", soon Liang Baitai joined the China Socialist Youth League (the predecessor of the Communist Youth League), was one of the earliest young members in my country . In September 1920, Liang Baitai entered the Shanghai Foreign Language Society to study.

left second is the young man Liang Baitai

1921 html On December 3, Liang Baitai returned to his hometown to get married and got married, and got married with his wife Chen Lianzhu. Just seven days later, on March 10, Liang Baitai left home. On that morning, his sister Liang Xiaofen sent him to Dalingjiao (a mountain road leading to Xinchang ). Liang Baitai held his sister's hand and said goodbye, "Sister, my parents and Lianzhu have entrusted you with my departure." Liang Xiaofen replied, "Baitai, don't worry, go! If you don't go home, you won't get married." Liang Baitai took the two silver slots given by Liang Xiaofen and walked towards the world outside the mountain road.

Not long after walking, Liang Baitai turned around and waved his hand to Liang Xiaofen again, and said firmly: "Let's go home and reunite on the day of world harmony."

And this sentence became the last sentence left by Liang Baitai to his family. Here we should focus on the fact that Liang Botai’s first wife Chen Lianzhu and his sister Liang Xiaofen have the deepest and most persistent expression of Chinese traditional women in their lives. Chen Lianzhu once said, "If your husband doesn't go home, you will never remarry! ." Liang Xiaofen said, "If your brother doesn't go home, you won't get married." They all did it. The two depended on each other and served their parents (in-laws) and returned to heaven. They were waiting for their husbands and younger brothers all their lives. In the end, they passed away in 1973 and 1977 in their sincere longing.

1921 was the year of the birth of the Communist Party of China and the turning point of Liang Baitai's life. This year, as an outstanding revolutionary young man in China, he was selected to study in the Soviet Union. In 1922, Liang Botai studied law systematically, laying a solid foundation for the rule of law and legal cause of the Chinese Soviets in the future. He was converted to a member of the Communist Party of China at the end of 1922.

In 1924, after graduating from Oriental University , Liang Baitai was assigned to Vladivostok (now Vladivostok ). served as the instructor of the Soviet Union's coastal province of Soviet Union, founded the "May Day Club" on Beijing Street in Vladivostok, with more than 50,000 participating Chinese workers.

At the end of 1927, Liang Botai was transferred to the Far East Chinese Worker Instructor of Boli (now Khabarovsk ), responsible for the Chinese Worker Worker and the CCP’s work. Later, he was sent to the Boli Provincial Court as a judge, engaged in revolutionary law research and judicial work.

In the years of the Soviet Union, Liang Botai met his confidant, the revolutionary widow Zhou Yuelin (at that time, he was named Wang Yuemei in the Soviet Union, and learned about his husband's death in the Soviet Union). The common ambition and loneliness in a foreign land make the two of them feel in love. After a while, they got married in the Soviet Union and became a revolutionary couple.

[Note: Senior Zhou Yuelin's first husband was a pioneer of the labor movement in China. Zhang Zuochen, the early leader of the Communist Party of China's workers' movement. In 1927, the Kuomintang launched a counter-revolutionary coup. Zhang zhaochen ignored his personal safety and organized his comrades to evacuate and retreat in time, while turning back to Shanghai, asking for response measures. Back to Shanghai, which is under the white terror of the Kuomintang reactionaries, Zhang Zuochen was ordered to serve as vice chairman of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions. On April 22, 1927, Zhang Zuochen went to Wuhan to attend the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and was elected as a member of the Central Supervision Committee. Soon, he was re-elected as the executive member of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions of at the Fourth National Labor Conference held in Hankou . After returning to Shanghai, Zhang Zuochen devoted himself to the liberation of the working class with greater enthusiasm. In extremely difficult circumstances, he was responsible for restoring and rebuilding the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions, and made contributions to preserving revolutionary backbones and accumulating revolutionary forces.

1927 On June 29, Zhang Zuochen held a trade union organization meeting at the secret agency of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions near Hengbang Bridge, Sichuan North Road. Because the traitor betrayed, a team of detectives surrounded the venue. Zhang Zuochen, Yang Peisheng and others were immediately arrested and escorted to the police station of Diswei Road today Shanghai Liyang Road , and moved to the Military Law Office of the Kuomintang Shanghai Guard Command that night. Under severe torture, Zhang Zuochen showed the strong and unyielding spirit of the Communist Party members. On July 1, 1927, Zhang Zuochen was killed by the enemy at the age of 21 ]

martyr Zhang Zuochen

In January 1930, in order to unify the leadership of the military struggle between the revolutionary bases in China and the Red Army and the Kuomintang reactionaries and feudal warlords, under the suggestion and guidance of the Communist International , the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to prepare for the convening of the Chinese Soviet Congress and establish its own Chinese Soviet Republic. This is the first time that the CCP has formed its own Soviet Workers and Peasants government in the form of a state power.

At that time, as the Chinese branch of the Communist International, the soon-to-be-born Red Chinese regime was passed to the Communist Party members of the Soviet Union. Liang Baitai was attracted by the domestic revolutionary situation and made a special trip to Moscow to request the Eastern Ministry of the Communist International to return to China. Given the importance of justice as the pillar foundation in the state power, the new red people's regime especially needed leading cadres with rich judicial work experience. Liang Baitai met this requirement and his request was quickly approved by the organization.

Liang Baitai resolutely left his two children in the Soviet Union, returned to China with his wife Zhou Yuelin, and rushed to the revolutionary base where the war environment and conditions were difficult and difficult. The two children left by the martyrs were never found because of the social unrest and war in the Soviet Union and Germany.

In May 1931, Liang Botai secretly returned to China. After more than four months of difficult journey, we finally arrived in the Central Soviet Area in September. After

arrived at Soviet area , Liang Botai immediately participated in the drafting of the document of the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviet Republic with all his enthusiasm, served as a member of the Constitution Drafting Committee, and was responsible for drafting the " Outline of the Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic " and the "Draft Constitution".

On November 7, 1931, the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviet Union was held in Ruijin, Jiangxi. The Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic was established in . The Chairman Mao Zedong , and the capital was established in . The Central Soviet Area of ​​Jiangxi was established. The capital was established in . The Central Soviet Area was established. The Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army . The establishment of the Chinese Soviet central government is a valuable exploration and attempt by the Chinese Communists to establish a people's revolutionary regime. As the center of the national Soviet revolution at that time, it played an important role in unifying leadership and strengthening the struggle and development of the national Soviet area and Red Army troops.

Liang Baitai attended the conference and was elected as a member of the Constitution Drafting Committee of the Presidium of the Conference. The conference passed the "Outline of the Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic" drafted by Liang Botai, which became the first red constitution formulated by the Communist Party of China to lead the workers and peasants.

This is the first national political system created by independent leadership of the Chinese Communists. In a sense, this is the historical predecessor of of the People's Republic of China . Before and after the conference, Liang Botai also participated in the drafting of the "Marriage Regulations of the Chinese Soviet Republic" and the "Soviet Government Organization Law".

After the establishment of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic with Mao Zedong as its chairman, Liang Baitai has been engaged in judicial work of the Provisional Government. Together with He Shuheng and others, he carried out the work of establishing the Soviet judicial organs and judicial system. He has served as deputy minister of the People's Committee of the Judicial People's Committee of the Provisional Government, deputy minister and acting minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, member of the Tribunal of the Provisional Supreme Court, interim procurator general, and member of the Judicial People's Committee of the Provisional Government.

Wife Zhou Yuelin also became the Minister of Women's Department of the new red regime. 1934 attended the Second National Congress of the Chinese Soviet Union and was elected as a member of the presidium. In February, he was elected as the Executive Committee of the Central Soviet Republic and the Presidium of the Central Government. He served as the director of the Women's Life Improvement Committee of the Central Government. He soon served as the president of the National Hospital. He (it's a pity that the mystery of the war and the complex current situation made this important early female leader of the Communist Party of China later carried the "heavy shackles" and spent his whole life wandering, sighing).

back row from left: Kang Keqing, Qian Xijun, Zhou Yuelin, He Zizhen, front row from right: Zeng Biyi, Peng Ru

In the short historical period of the Red Chinese Soviet Union, Liang Baitai took the lead in organizing the formulation of more than 10 laws and regulations, including the "Regulations on the Revolutionary Court", "Outline of the Work of the Revolutionary Court", "Constitution of the Detention Center" and "Judicial Procedures of the Soviet Republic", laying the foundation for the legalization of the Soviet regime and the judicial construction of various types of the Communist Party of China in various periods later.

Central Soviet Area Anti-corruption and Integrity Accusation Box, currently in the National Museum of China,

In May 1932, the Provisional Supreme Court held a review of the death penalty appeal case of Ruijin referee Xie Busheng, with Liang Baitai as the chief trial. This was the first corruption case punished after the establishment of the Soviet Provisional Government, which caused a strong shock in the Soviet area. It is also an important symbol of Liang Baitai's transition from the construction of judicial theory of the red regime to judicial practice. (Xie Busheng, former chairman of Jiangxi Ruijin Yeping Village Soviet government . His crimes were: using his power to embezzle property obtained by fighting local tyrants, secretly stamp the official seal of the temporary central government management department, forged a pass to smuggle buffaloes to white area for sale. In order to make money, he secretly killed a military doctor in the August 1 Nanchang Uprising southward troops. ) ) l8

Oil painting "Gunshots of the Red Capital", the rostrum held the verdict and wore a red military uniform. Liang Baitai was

In March 1934, Liang Baitai served as the prosecutor as the interim prosecutor of the Supreme Special Court, accusing Xiong Xianbi of corruption and dereliction of duty. This case was called "the largest anti-corruption case in China in Red", and Dong Biwu served as the presiding trial, and Mao Zedong, Zhang Wentian, Xiang Ying, Liu Shaoqi and others attended the audition. (Xiong Xianbi, also known as Shi Chang, is from Luoya District, Yudu, a senior cadre of , and has served as the chairman of the Yudu County Soviet Union. He committed a series of crimes such as condonation against counter-revolutionaries, refusal to execute orders from superiors, shelter and embezzlement. He was sentenced to one year in prison, starting from March 6, 1934. Ended March 5, 1935. After the expiration of the period, the right of citizens was deprived of one year. However, the collective fraud case that was later found by Soviet judiciary was called the "Yudu Incident" in the party history. A total of 12 people were executed for crimes such as corruption. )

In addition, Liang Botai also served as the acting chief editor of "Red China", a member of the Soviet University Committee, and a member of the Central Audit Committee. His work involves judicial, procuratorial, civil affairs, postal and telecommunications, transportation, health, education, publicity and finance, and has made important contributions to the various government infrastructure construction of the red regime.

October 1934, Central Red Army's main force, Long March 2.Liang Botai and his wife were both left in the Central Soviet Area and insisted on the struggle, serving as member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Branch and deputy director of the Central Government Office of the Soviet Republic of China ( Chen Yi as director). He led the military and civilians to strengthen the walls and clear the fields, resettle the wounded, solve the military supplies, and properly handled a large number of documents and materials.

At that time, in order to cover the smooth strategic transfer of the main Red Army, restrain the enemy's strength, and reduce the military pressure of the Red Army during the Long March 2, the superiors decided to stay behind a Red Army unit with more than 16,000 people. However, the main Red Army had just stepped forward in the Long March. Hundreds of thousands of enemy troops attacking the Soviet area, as well as returning troops and other armed forces, tightened from the north and east routes to the Central Soviet Area. First, they quickly occupied the county towns and major transportation routes of the Soviet area with their group forces, and continued to divide the Soviet area into many small pieces with the policy of fortress blockade, attempting to surround the remaining Red Army in a narrow area. As the situation in the Soviet area continues to deteriorate, the enemy presses step by step. The Red Army lacked food and medicine, lacked supplies, insufficient ammunition, and communication was interrupted. If they did not break through quickly, the entire army might be wiped out. At that time, the Central Branch and Office immediately held an emergency meeting to make arrangements, and decided to divide the nearly 10,000 Red Army and local staff members besieged in the southern part of the capital into 9 routes to break through. More than 2,000 people, including Secretary Ruan Xiaoxian, Chief Commander Cai Huiwen, Provincial Military Region Commander Liu Bojian, Director of the Political Department of the Provincial Military Region, and Deputy Director Liang Liang Baitai, decided to march towards the border of Jiangxi and Guangdong.

1935, the team was blocked by the Kuomintang army five times the Red Army in the areas of Maling and Niuling, which were necessary to pass. Although the Red Army soldiers took one as ten, they broke through ten despite the huge gap between the people and the few, and many Red Army commanders and soldiers fell in a pool of blood. Every step forward requires significant sacrifices. In the end, because of the high mountains and dense forests, the blockade was tight, and the team failed to break through the siege, and the troops were dispersed and suffered heavy casualties. Important leaders of the Soviet area, Ruan Xiaoxian, Liu Bojian and others were killed in the battle.

and Liang Baitai was also unfortunately arrested because of serious injuries. After being arrested, he was ready to die and was steadfast and unyielding. He died calmly half a month later, at the age of 36, fulfilling his glorious oath of "shewn the last drop of blood for the Soviet Union" during his lifetime.

As an important leader, organizer and participant in the construction of the legal system of the Chinese Soviet Republic, he participated in the Soviet legislation and the establishment of the Soviet judicial organs and judicial system, and made pioneering contributions to the construction of the legal system of the Chinese Soviet Republic. Liang Botai's legal thoughts and judicial practice provided important historical experience for the future regime construction and legal system construction of the Communist Party of China. Many unique institutional designs and judicial principles in China's legal system can find the source from its legal ideas and judicial practice.

Martyr Liang Baitai will be immortal!

[Also notes: His wife was ordered to go to Shanghai with Qu Qiubai , He Shuheng , etc. from Ruijin area through Minxi Hong Kong to prepare to transfer to Shanghai. In late February, he was arrested by the Kuomintang army along with Qu Qiubai during the transfer in the Fujian guerrilla area. After trial, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison in Long Yan Prison. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he was released from prison on bail in 1938. I have visited Shanghai to visit Nanchang , Wuhan and other places to find the Communist Party of China. After the founding of New China, he served as a street cadre in Shanghai. In 1955, he was wrongly suspected of being a "bend" for the murder of Qu Qiubai, and was sentenced to 12 years in prison in 1965. 1970html was evacuated to Yuci, Shanxi for employment in 1 year, and filed a complaint in 1978. In November 1979, the Beijing Higher Court reviewed the judgment and revoked the original verdict and declared it innocent. Shanxi Province gave her the implementation of relevant policies and enjoyed the treatment of retired Red Army cadres (ministerial level treatment). In 1985, he settled in the hometown of martyr Liang Baitai, Zhejiang Xinchang . ]