Himalaya friends, the old man who tells Tibetan history is back!
In the previous issue, we were talking about Zhigong Zanpu cutting off the "Tree of the God of Wood" that could reach the sky, and then being killed by Minister Loangdazi. Then the regicide Luo Ann sat on the throne of Zampo of Tubo, and Zhigong's sons were exiled.
Assassination of the king has always been a very risky move. Only when the contradictions intensify and irreconcilable will someone tuck his head in his belt and tuck it. wins the young model in the club; loses the bet and the whole family jumps into the river.
Luo An obviously won the bet. He sat happily on the throne for 13 years, and he fought hard for half his life than Li Zicheng , and only sat for 42 days.
But Luo Ang's ruthless throne was obviously not an isolated incident, and there must be a complex historical background behind it.
Or, what is Zhigong Zanpu doing about "heaven angry and people resentful" things, so that the forces against him will gather together and knock him down through Luo Ang's hands?
Dunhuang Tibetan literature "Zhi Gong Zanpu Biography" , the explanation given is that the name is not good, which leads to a manic and arrogant personality, and is in the alliance with the people of the father's "father's surname is Jiuchen" and the mother's queen's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family's family The "three tribes of mother's surname" all became enemies. [1] The answer to
should be said to be not perfect. Even if Zhigong has a bad personality, he will be the only one who can be replaced. I have never heard of changing the entire king.
However, during the reign of Tingzanpu, a major event with far-reaching influence did occur, which was that he promoted the first "destroying the original movement" in Tibet's history.
This topic of this teaching has been consciously avoiding it from my heart, to not saying whether this teaching is good or not, but that the topic of this teaching is too huge and there are too many uncertain things, so I have no idea how to start.
As the original belief system in Tibet, this religion involves the lowest logic of Tibet, such as the origin of civilization, the origin of words and the basis of the worldview. The logic of these basic social structures cannot be clearly discussed by a popular history program.
Regarding the uncertainty of this teaching, I will tell you a joke!
According to the research of the famous Tibetan scholar Nankanobu , the original meaning of "book" in Tibetan is "continuously recite" . When a noun is used, it generally refers to the original belief system in Tibet.
But when the Tibetan pronunciation is translated into Chinese characters, there is no agreement on whether to use "benzene" or "ben". In the past, everyone basically used "benzene", but in recent years, more and more people have used the word "ben".
No matter which one I use to write an article, someone reminds me to use another one. There is no agreement on the translation of the simplest name of
, let alone other in-depth content?
In addition, most people confuse Bencai with Yongzhong Bencai , thinking that Bencai is the abbreviation of Yongzhong Bencai.
In fact, Yongzhong Bencai is an upgraded version of this school, or a system integrated version.
Before Xinraomiwo did system integration, there were dozens of versions of the original teaching, and they were incompatible with each other. After Xinraomiwo did system integration, Yong Zhongben Buddhism became the mainstream operating system, and a large number of original versions gradually withdrew from the stage of history.
As for when the original teaching originated, there is no conclusion yet, but there is no doubt about Tibetan Buddhism. Or put it this way, the myths and legends in Tibet should have three stages - ancient folk legends, ancient history and legends of the original religion, and ancient history and legends of Buddhism.
three stages are progressive, mutually absorbed and enriched. The ancient Buddhist legends should be the latest in the era. So this teaching itself has a complex system, and many things in the system are still undecided.
For example, made Mr. Tai think that the "twelve wisdom books" that supported Nie Chi can be interpreted as twelve masters of the sect, and it seems to be understood as the "twelve books" and their rituals. Twelve believers. This also shows that before Nie Chizanpu , at least twelve "books" had existed in Tubo and had a certain impact.[2]
Nie Chi's royal power must face the problem of taking root after falling from the sky, and the forces of this religion have undoubtedly played an important role.
in "The Origin of Bon religion in the World" wrote that "At that time (before Nie Chizanpu), there was no kingly law, and it relied on the Bon religion. Therefore, Bon religion was earlier than the royal power in Tubo." Although this record of [3]
It comes from this Scriptures, but it cannot be considered as an exaggeration without any basis. Because in the early days of human society, it was normal for shamans to have heavenly authority earlier than secular authority. Long before Nie Chi appeared, there were all the great gods behind this sect. For Nie Chi, it is undoubtedly the most convenient way to use the existing theocratic system to create his own sacredness.
As the "first king of Tubo", Nie Chi relies on and supports Benshu, and has almost no choice.
In fact, according to the records of this sect, Nie Chizanpu did make great efforts to develop this sect. After he ascended the throne, he appointed two " Guxin " assisting government (" Guxin" can be understood here as the imperial wizard of Zanpu ). also invited this from Xiangxiong The teaching master Nanka Nangbadojian came to preach, so there was a saying at that time that "The mountain is Larijangto, the king is Nie Chizanpu, and Xin is Nangbadojian" . [4]
And Nie Chi's son, the second generation of Tubo Zamp Muchi , is said to be a fanatical disciple of the religion. He "welcome one hundred and eight wise men of the religion from Xiangxiong, Translated the texts of the original sect in various places, and built thirty-seven practice sites in Tubo. "[5]
It may be because Mu Chizanpu's achievements in promoting the original sect, or his own achievements in practicing. Chi is respected as one of the "Thirteen Kings Achievements" in the history of this religion. Several Seven Red Heavenly Kings after [6]
also have their own "Gu Xin" and have successively established many temples of this sect.
Based on the continuous increase in the political influence of the monks of this religion, the power of this religion is highly combined with the royal power of Tubo. This highly integrated state is called "Wang Xin Tongzhi" in this sacred textbook.
Anyone who is familiar with Chinese political history knows that this state is unsustainable. A country can only operate around one axis, either royal power or religious power. If the two go together, they will sooner or later collapse. In the most common words, this matter is "One mountain cannot accommodate two tigers, unless one male and one female."
The two male tigers finally broke up during the time of the gong Zanpu period. It is said that the authority of Gu Xin and others was too great at that time. , how big is it?
This essay book "Thousands of Heart Lamps" calls it "Xin is above the king" , because it has arrived, "Without Xinben's words, the king dares not issue an edict, and the ministers dare not discuss matters; When you start singing and dancing, the monarch and ministers will not chant and dance” . [7]
Not to mention that Gong Zanpu's temper is not good at all, even if he has a good temper, it would probably be a big deal.
At this time, some ministers persuaded him to stop tribute. "The hat on his head is too big and he will be tired and sweaty; eating too much food will also cause nausea; lice will crawl on his feet, and sooner or later it will crawl on his head. Now the king It is comparable to Xin. If you continue like this, your descendants will definitely be taken away by this religion. If you can't bear to kill the mages, just drive them to remote places."[8]
So stop Gong summoned the monk of this religion and said, "This area cannot accommodate my national affairs and your main affairs, so he left the god of benzene, tetraben, and two monks of this religion to protect me. The rest of the monks would either leave, Either you are not allowed to perform the rituals of this teaching. You can choose any of these two ways! "
To be fair, the method of stopping the tribute and Zanpu is called "destroying the book", which is a bit too much, and it is more appropriate to suppress the book. . This sect still exists in Tubo, but he just drove away the disobedient mage. Compared with the subsequent movement of the Buddha's destruction and the destruction of this movement, the temple was converted into a slaughterhouse, the scriptures were thrown into the river, and the statues were buried underground. The method of stopping the tribute and Zanpu was gentle.
, but this is not possible. The forces of this sect are still full of resentment towards him. Although "The Treasure House of Wonderful Words of the History of Yongzhong" also admitted that the master of this sect was "very proud." The fire of pride was set off." [9]
But there is still literature, saying that "(Zhi Gong Zanpu) forbidden the teachings without reason, and expel Benxin to the border area. The fate of the person who forbids himself will fall on Zanpu."[10]
All humans are in a similar state. It is easy to go from frugality to extravagance, but it is difficult to go from extravagance to frugality. is so good that it is always delicious and has been drinking spicy food. Suddenly one day I was taken away. I told you where I love you. I guess It's a bit unbearable for me.
Maybe some of our disciples will do it together, MD, if you don’t give me a way out, I will fight with you!
In addition, Zhi Gongzanpu also did something that made the Tubo Binhish forces a little unacceptable.
Tibetan historical materials "The Worship Banquet of the Sage" and "The Origin of the Earthly Religion" both record that the Tubo original religion could not adapt to social development at that time. As for why it could not adapt, it is not clear now. The historical materials are written as "can't be super recommended." A bad evil.”
Anyway, Zhigong invited the heretic master from a place between Tianzhu and Dashi. According to experts, it should be from Kashmir , Bojin, Xiangxiong and other places. It is said that these three masters of this sect can "season in the sky, cut trees into strips, crack stones into gravel, and worship ghosts with wine and meat. The king regards these teachers as masters" . [10]
There is a similar record in this sacred scripture, " (stop tribute) depends on Brahma and Indra " [11]. These two brothers are both great gods in Hinduism. It is probably the same as When this religion heard that it was coming from the corner of India, it carried the two brothers out.
introduced the native sect of the heretics, which is undoubtedly a serious impact on the local sect, and may completely offend the forces of the sect who have a good impression of Zhigong. So the Tubo original sect was united and he was determined to get rid of him. Against this background, Luo Ang, who was originally the leader of the small country, had both ambitions and strength, and naturally became the best choice.
also has a very obscure description in Tibetan historical materials. It seems that Zhigongzampo was not the Yara Shambo Castle that he went alone, but came with his army. In this way, the competition is not a real-life PK between the two leaders, but a fight between the two teams.
No matter what, Zhigong Zanpu is dead, and Luo Ann happily sat on the Zanpu throne, and sat for 12 years.
Finally, let’s talk about the installment issue of this teaching.
Everyone knows that Tibetan Buddhism is divided into the previous period and the later period, with the dividing point at Rhondama 's Buddhist destruction event.
. This teaching also has a periodic method, which is the three-part method of "decisive, precise, and awakened".
"Duben" means the emergence of , which is the most primitive state, the periodic boundary is until the sprint of gongzanpu is destroyed;
"Chiben" means the foreign version of , which refers to the introduction of sprint of gongzanpu. The rituals of the foreign teachings, the division period starts from the sprint of Gongzanpu to the end of the dispute between the Buddhist teachings during the period, and the
"Jieben" means tampering with the , which refers to the later simplified Chinese teachings. The Buddhist scriptures have been tampered with and used, and the boundary period has been since the dispute over the Buddha's original nature. [13]
can be seen from the meaning of "Ji Ben". This is the historical installment proposed by Buddhism for this religion. I once asked a very famous living Buddha of this religion. He clearly said that this is a slander of Buddhism. .
The famous scholar of this teaching , Mr. , has a relatively gentle attitude towards this.
In his paper, he stated that the three-stage method of Buddhism, especially the tampered meaning of "knowing the original", is indeed not easy to accept emotionally. However, considering the history of the teachings, this division has a reasonable aspect. It divides the various books before the Tubo Dynasty into the original books (Du) of Tubo and the books introduced from Xiangxiong and others (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) (Cha) ( The concept of "Awakening" points out the fact that the later teachings had a strong Buddhist color, but it is said that they are all tampered with by Buddhist scriptures, and there are exaggerations.[14]
: Mr. Tai still has a long discussion later, so I won’t read it accordingly. You can read the citation of the paper at the end of the article. I cut out the context of the entire paragraph and pasted it in the back. .
Regarding the title of this sect, we should consider the psychological feelings of our sects. It is better to use first, middle, and late sects . The installment method of
is also the mainstream division method in the academic community at present.
Finally let me complain. During the ten years I have written the history of Tibet, I found that Tibetan 's tolerance for a foreigner writing the history of his own nation has been significantly improved. When I first posted an article, I was scolding the streets, saying that I was a hidden black man. The funny thing is that a group of Han people also scolded me, saying that I was Tibetan fans. Anyway, in their eyes, I am cruising between Tibetan black and Tibetan fans.
However, in recent years, more and more Tibetan brothers have supported me. Not only did we chat well, they also helped me find information and explain Tibetan vocabulary that I don’t understand in the literature.
I don’t think it was because I wrote it well and gained recognition from more people, but the tolerance of Tibetan brothers has increased and can accept other people’s ideas more. Even this idea is different from his own.
Now the people who scold me are mainly concentrated in the group that supports Ben Sect and Xiangxiong. The manifestation of this group of people is that as long as they do not mention Ben Sect and Xiangxiong, they do not understand Tibetan history and do not respect Tibetan culture.
What I want to say is that this is a typical weak mentality, living with a hurt mentality.
I didn't talk about this teaching in the period when the origin of Tibetans, but it does not mean that I don't know, or I intentionally ignore it. Just like I talk about this teaching now, I didn't talk about Xiangxiong, but it does not mean that I don't know Xiangxiong, I will I will use a case later to hook Xiangxiong out and talk about it separately.
Because I can't switch to two different historical narrative structures in one episode. If I say this, I won't even talk about the audience, I'll be more likely to be dizzy.
Everyone should not live a twisted and tolerant way, being able to accept different opinions is a sign of maturity.
The Han people had a very twisted stage before. They should be shot if they didn’t win the Olympics. Yangtze River must be the first Chinese to drift. Do you think there are still people who are so competitive in this Olympics? Everyone doesn’t need to use anything to prove their own value, this is the real inner strength.
Let’s talk about it again. Even if I don’t say it appropriately, what can you do? Can you walk through the screen and take a bite?
is the same thing. We have been brothers for five thousand years. Is it right? They are all from our own family members. Don’t chat with each other every time.
I have a great chat with many Tibetan brothers. If you don’t know how to chat, you won’t be alone.
I remember one time, a Tibetan brother who knew I was always scolded asked me, "Old Bu, have there been more people scolding you recently?" I said, "I have been scolded recently, so I guess Lao Bu is going to get out of date!"
The brother was silent for a long time and said, "Boys!"
, this is the normal state of chatting. Northeastern people can bury each other at the table, but when something happens, they must rush to the front.
The same thing, don’t live so twistedly, it’s not good for your health!
is OK, the complaints are over!
Let’s talk about it in the next issue. Who is Loangdazi who killed Zhigongzanpu? !
In addition, if you think Lao Bu’s big smell is pretty good, you can subscribe, like, or forward it, just say hello!
can curse me, but Lao Bu’s biggest advantage is that he is thick-skinned, admits his mistakes, and refuses to change his mind!
Reference Books:
[1], "Dunhuang Tubo Historical Documents (Revised Version)"_ Wang Yao , Chen Jian ;
Due to this error After taking this name, the king was very unhappy and often resentful. .
This king is the son of the god of heaven. Although he possesses the body shape of an ordinary human being, he is very different from that of an ordinary person. He has the great change of power of ascending to heaven. He is manic and arrogant. He often force his subordinates to compete with him for his ability. Those who belong to the people who belong to the king and the so-called "nine ministers of the father's tribe" and those who belong to the people who belong to the king and the so-called "three branches of the mother's tribe" all become enemies.
[2], "Tubo Benshu during the Seven Red Heavenly Kings Period"_Cai Rangtai;
Traditional historical books of Buddhism and the Birth of Buddhism, when describing how Nie Chi was regarded as the first Zamp in Tubo, they all mentioned to varying degrees. Go to the "Twelve Wisdom Books". Most historical records believe that Nie Chi, the twelve wisdom generals, welcomed him and regarded him as Zanpu. Buddhist historical books describe the twelve wisdom books more as twelve priests, but from the analysis of the literature of this religion, this "twelve wisdom books" can be understood as both the twelve priests and also as representing the ten. The twelve believers of the two "books" and their rituals. This also shows that before Nie Chizanpu, at least twelve "books" had existed in Tubo and had a certain influence. This is true for Xin Zao to be The records of the spread of the sect of Tubo are consistent.
[3], "Ancient History and Legend of the Bible and the Influence of the Persian Zoroastrianism"_Zhang Yun;
Ancient History and Legend of Tibetans are complex and rich in content, and we can divide it into three major Category: (1) ancient folk legends; (2) ancient history and legends of this religion; (3) ancient history and legends of Buddhism.
are closely related. Generally speaking, ancient folk legends were the earliest and simplest, such as Legends formed by the world, legends of floods, legends of the monkey turning into humans, etc. The second is the ancient history and legends of this religion, and the latest is the ancient history and legends of Buddhism.
These three themselves have a process of continuous enrichment and development. It also absorbs and influences each other. The general trend is: this religion absorbs and tampers with ancient folk legends for its own use. Buddhism not only absorbs and tampers with ancient folk legends, but also absorbs and tampers with the legends of this religion to form its own complete ancient history and legends. System.
As far as legends are concerned, the three have their own unique cultural values; but in terms of historical significance, the three have different statuses, among which ancient folk legends are the most valuable, followed by the ancient history and legends of the sect. The lowest value is the ancient history and legends of Buddhism.
On the other hand, legends contain real historical components, but they cannot be equated with history. Understand the attributes of legends, strip them of their additional components, and the legends are in their original form. It may open up a new prospect for the study of ancient Tibetan history.
[4], "The Relationship between the Days of the Seven Red Heavenly Kings and the Bon God Power - and On the Origin and Early Characteristics of the Royal Government of Tibet"_Shi Shuo;
About Seven Red The close relationship between the Bon religion during the Emperor's period is also reflected in the Bon literature. According to reports, there were two Bon teachers, Cimi Mujie and Juchagar, who were treated as Guxin, and Bon religion assisted the government. Nie Chizanpu also invited the Bon master Nankha Nangba Duojian to preach from Tubo. Therefore, at that time, there was "The mountain was Larijiangto, the king was Nie Chizanpu, and Xin was Nangba Duojian, which was originally Tantric Buddhism Jibang , the city is Qiang Wadaze”.
[5], "The Origin of Bon Buddhism in the World"_Qiongbu. Luo Zhujianzan (written), Dorje Nanjie (translation note);
[6], "Early Tibetan people Research on the History of Bon Buddhism"_Yang Lihao;
[7], "An Analysis of the Causes of Death in Several Tubo Zamps"_Sonan Cairang;
From this sect literature, it can be found that Zhigong Zamp's masters were respected by the monarchs and ministers before, and enjoyed Good treatment. Especially the power of "Gesin" who directly serves Zanpu is expanding. "Without Xinben's words, the king would not dare to issue an edict, and the ministers would not discuss matters; without Xinben's starting to sing and dance, the king and his ministers would not sing and dance." Faced with this, Criticizing the Bon Masters with a high status, Zhigong Zanpu tried to get rid of their control and introduce the Asha Bon Buddhism and Xiangxiong's Xinjidu Bon Buddhism to replace the rigid local white Bon Buddhism, resulting in the local Bon power strong opposition.
[8], "A Study on the History of Early Tibetan Bon religion"_Yang Lihao;
"The Beautiful Lamp of Promoting the Origin and Flow of Bon religion" records: "The minister named Li Zan Xie said: 'Ah, respected Zan Pu, the hat on his head is too big, the body is I feel heavy. Although the food is delicious, I will feel nauseous when I eat it hard. If I have lice on my feet, I will climb the top of the mountain. If I am arrogant, my royal power will be taken away. 'Indian's name is Japanese Asnier said: 'This Yongzhong Bon religion is broad and profound, so it is not the time to master it; the Jingshi god is dangerous and easy to offend, and unexpectedly becomes Yinzhuo ghost; Xinbo and others are tall and arrogant, and now Wang Xin is almost equal, so wait When he was a son and nephew, Wang Zhenghui was taken away by Bon religion."
[9], "Treasure of the History of the Tibetan Yongzhong Yongzhong"_Xia Zai Zhaxi Jianzan (written), Liu Yong (translator's note);
There are three major reasons for stopping tribute and destroying benzene:
First The great cause - the king himself is supreme, arrogant, unreasonable, and powerful, so he ignited the fire of anger and anger;
The second biggest cause - Xinben guides all living beings, and is very proud, so he ignited the fire of pride;
Third The great cause - ministers are in high positions and have high self-esteem, so they ignited the fire of jealousy;
The three small cause - Xinben, ministers and concubines, are separated and fight openly and secretly.
[10], "Bon origin" Promoting the Beautiful Lamps_Ba Danjiesangbu;
[11][12], "The Wedding Banquet of the Sage"_Bawo Zula Chenwa (written), Huang Hao , Zhou Runnian (translation); Guan Sect Origins and Streams_Tuguan Luosangkeji Nima (written), Liu Liqian (translated);
"The Worship Banquet of the Sage" records, "At that time, the Guran Wazha place at the junction of India and the Great Food were obtained The heretics, "Axia Benshu", soared in the sky, cut trees into strips, cracked stones into gravel, and often offered wine and meat to ghosts and monsters. The king regarded these teachers as masters, "Yong Zhong, who used jade, and powerful tiger skin clothes, The sword comes to worship, which is extremely powerful. The blessing power of the original teachings of the heretics has decreased day by day, so the disciples of this religion asked the devil to disturb the heart of slaughtering the tribute and praising the public. "
"The Origin of the Tuguan Sect" records, "Gaboben, when he was the king of Zanpu, the Benzan in Tibet could not recommend the evil spirits, so he invited three places from Kashmir, Bojin, Xiangxiong and other places. A benzhe is a very evil person. One of them practiced the magic of eliminating disasters, practiced the Fire God method, rode on a drum and marched through the void, opened the secret treasure, and used bird feathers to cut off the iron, showing various magic powers. A person uses color, divine words, blood circulation, etc. to make divine fortunes and good fortunes. One person is good at eliminating evil spirits for the dead, suppressing demons, and proficient in various super-recommended undead techniques. Before these three people hid the future, it is still impossible to clearly point out that Bon Buddhism has made comments on its views after that. It is said that gamboben is formed by the great free and natural school of heretics. "
[13], "The Origin of the Earth Confucian Religion"_Tuguan·Luosangkejinima (written), Liu Liqian (translation note);
[14], "On Several Issues in the Study of the First Teaching" _Taituo;
does not accept the above historical installment believers, especially the one who is "jue" here. "jue" means tampering, saying that your religion is all tampered with Buddhist scriptures and emotionally It is not easy to accept. However, considering the history of the teachings, this division has a reasonable aspect, that is, it divides the various principles before the Tubo Dynasty into the original principles of Tubo (Du) and Xiangxiong, etc. The introduced book (Chaben) pointed out the fact that the later teachings had a strong Buddhist color with the concept of "real to the original".
but there are also some untrue aspects. First of all, there is no obvious difference between the distinction between the Deaben and the Deaben. The characteristics and differences of difference. Besides, as the main content of the sect before the Tubo Dynasty, there is no obvious difference between the main content of the sect and the sect. Besides, as one of the main contents of the sect before the Tubo Dynasty, the sect is the sect. It is completely impossible to summarize and distinguish with simple concepts like Duben and Cyben. Judging from the existing literature, the actual content of these four key points is much richer and more complex than this simple summary. In fact, to talk about the later teachings It is sensible to have a Buddhist color, but it is said that it is all tampered with by Buddhist scriptures, and there are exaggerations. Later, this teaching did adapt many Buddhist content, which can be seen in the "Tripitaka of the Bible". However, many of the books In addition to its Buddhist components, its cultural traditions of the teachings still occupy a major position, which can also be confirmed in the "Tripitaka of the Bible". In addition, the treasures of the teachings are mainly divided into three parts, namely Xinqinlu The Southern Tibet was excavated in Nanzhicang Taga, the Northern Tibet was excavated in Sangsanglaza, and the Wei Tsang was excavated in Lhasa by the monks of the Three Youths. These three are representative in the treasures of this sect. Meaning. But Master Tuguan did not clearly mention it except Xin Qinluga's treasure.
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