Recently, pests were found in pineapples produced in Taiwan, China, and the mainland immediately chose to suspend input. As a mountainous island, Taiwan has a narrow land and dense population, and has very limited natural resources, but there are many tropical and subtropical agr

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NO.1938-Reclamation Taiwan

Author: Narisu

Proofreader: Chao Qian/Editor: Yaledo

days ago, Taiwan, China Pests were found in the pineapples produced in the region, and the mainland immediately chose to suspend input. This matter continues to ferment in the public opinion circles between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. A Taiwanese celebrity asked the century-old question "Is it difficult for each person to eat 18 kilograms of pineapple every day?", adding a little joke to the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait after dinner.

3rd century question

(Photo: Weibo @Guangzhou Daily) ▼

Taiwan As a mountainous island, has narrow land and densely populated areas and very limited natural resources. However, has many tropical and subtropical agricultural products that can be exported outward, which shows that its agriculture is Development level.

In fact, hundreds of years ago, Taiwan could not produce enough food to feed the island. After the efforts of generations of ancestors, not only did the problem of grain production be solved, but cash crops can also be planted and sold to the island. is actually the shade left to future generations through hardships.

Fujian Hai Kaijiang

Compared with other provinces in China, Taiwan has the characteristics of late development time and small land area. The entire island is mountainous, and only a small part of the plains suitable for agricultural development account for. Before in the Ming Dynasty, Taiwan had always had a small household and lagging behind in productivity. It was not until a large number of inland Chinese people moved in that Taiwan gradually became rich from a barren land.

In fact, Fujian and Taiwan are both mountains and plains

The two sides of the Taiwan Strait face Taiwan Strait very suitable for interoperability or not

And Taiwan's wider plains are also suitable for Fujian to alleviate population pressure

(Base image: NASA) ▼

Early Taiwan and the southeastern coastal areas of China live in various ethnic groups. With the large number of people in the Central Plains migrating southward several times, the indigenous peoples on the southeast coast gradually disappeared, or integrated into the Han people. Some of them also moved to Taiwan, writing the early history of Taiwan with the local indigenous people. established several Taiwan’s indigenous kingdoms, including the Big Belly Kingdom.

There are more than 30 indigenous peoples recognized in Taiwan

Among them, the Chineseization of the indigenous people in the plains is more obvious

Nowadays, the indigenous people are indigenous people. Culture is also part of Taiwan's tourism revenue

(Formosa Aboriginal Cultural Village)

(Photo: shutterstock) ▼

In the indigenous era, Taiwan had no agricultural civilization on the island, and most of the land was in an undeveloped state. historical records show that "the farming of the mountain does not know how to grow the crops, but only grow taro seedlings from the stones in the mountains." This shows that their production method is not to plant crops brought by outsiders, but to plant potatoes on the slopes of the mountain. For a living. The indigenous people on the coast of Taitung are another way of living. They do not engage in agriculture, they make a living by fishing and hunting, and rely on the gods to make a living. This was the basic situation of primitive agriculture in Taiwan at that time.

spans thousands of years, potatoes are still a popular food on the island

But from fullness to snack

ml3 (Picture: shutterstock) ▼

The rise of Taiwan's agricultural civilization began with the large-scale migration of the Han people to Taiwan. The middle and late periods of Ming Dynasty were active periods for Southeast China's maritime merchants. Due to the official support, Japanese pirates, pirates and private merchants emerged during that period, and they were frequently active in Fujian, Zhejiang, Taiwan and other places.

also because Fujian people are very good at building ships

is well-known for Fu Ship "Tall as a city, one or two feet of water"

(Picture: wiki) ▼

Many maritime merchants in southern Fujian Province in the late Ming Dynasty were based on family units. The Taiwan Strait engages in private maritime trade. By Wanli years, Fujian maritime merchants had opened several large harbor towns such as chicken cages (now Keelung ) and Tamsui (now New Taipei ) in the coastal areas of Taiwan. The Han people gradually formed larger settlements in Taiwan and had considerable social influence.

In the early Ming Dynasty, it did not establish a strong jurisdiction over Taiwan.

Instead, coastal private merchants, pirates, and Western colonists became more active

to the time of Jose colonization of Taiwan, Keelung and Tamsui were already large ports

(Picture: wiki)▼

Pirate forces have had a more profound impact on Taiwanese society. The most famous of are the Zheng father and son. Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Chenggong family management is a key link in Taiwan history .

From the sixth year of the Tianqi period to the first year of Chongzhen , there were severe droughts in southern Fujian and the people were living in poverty. Zheng Zhilong took the opportunity to recruit tens of thousands of victims in Quanzhou to reclaim Taiwan. The move of included Zheng Zhilong’s deep thoughts.

In the first year of Chongzhen, Zheng Zhilong was recruited as a pirate and was appointed as the governor of the governor and the wise

also changed from the position of dealing with various forces when both business and stealing to

html l0The elite navy of the Ming Dynasty fighting against the enemy

(Photo: Wiki) ▼

At that time There are still many indigenous kingdoms in Taiwan, and the power of the Zheng family cannot be confronted. Moreover, Dutch colonists have extended their tentacles to the Taiwan Strait. Zheng Zhilong must quickly arm himself and attract more Han people to join his camp to prepare for possible future battles.

In addition, the Ming Dynasty government's sea ban policy, forced pirate gangs to unite and develop Taiwan. As long as these victims follow Zheng Zhilong, they will have no way back, and they will be able to be liquidated by Ming as a thief when they go back.

Although the victims and pirates are willing to join Zheng Zhilong

, after all, there is limited combat power and equipment

Zheng's family still adopts Many European technology and mercenaries

repeatedly won in the battle against the Netherlands

(Liaoluowan naval battle map: Simon de Vlieger/Wiki )▼

After several years of operation, the Zheng family has already had 30,000 soldiers and more than 1,000 ships in Taiwan, making it the leading military force in the Taiwan Strait region. At the same time, a large area of ​​undeveloped land on Taiwan Island continues to attract people from coastal areas of Fujian. The Han people moved to Taiwan with this incident as the starting point. is like a snowball, with a larger scale and a larger number of people.

In the eyes of Japanese

Zheng Zhilong is a cruel man, even the "sea demon" robbed

(Picture: wiki)▼

Zheng's father and son regard Taiwan Island as their foundation. After Zheng Zhilong went north and was controlled by the Qing court, Zheng Chenggong Continue to expand its power in Taiwan. expelled Dutch colonists, attacked and united the local indigenous forces, and established the first Han dynasty in Taiwan's history - Ming Zheng .

located in Chikan Tower, Taiwan Dutch surrender to Zheng Chenggong statue

thus opened up the Ming Zheng regime ruled over Taiwan

html l0 (Picture: Thijs Haarhuis / Wiki) ▼

Rice cane yield

htt ml3 From to in the Ming and Zheng period, to later Taiwan was included in the management system of Qing Dynasty , and Han immigrants continued to move to Taiwan to expand and reclaim wasteland. During this process, the Han people brought the mainland's advanced agricultural civilization and spread it across the island.

The earliest developed was Taiwan's Ganan Plain . According to Lin Qianguang's "Taiwan Prefecture Records", "Although planting grains are the same as Middle Earth, it only harvests in autumn a year, which cannot be avoided by the trouble of hindering hunger. Fortunately, there are potatoes and taros that are enough to fill the stomach."

Later, Jianan Dazhen

Now, the Jianan Plain is the largest barn in Taiwan

(Picture: wiki) ▼

This means that the types of crops grown in Taiwan and mainland China are already very similar at this time, both of which are rice. , millet, wheat, millet, etc. are the main ones, but only harvest one season a year. However, the annual crop production cannot guarantee the food rations of the people, so potato crops still need to fill their stomachs. As for textile handicraft raw materials such as cotton and linen, they still need to be supplied by the mainland.

The oldest rice fossil in Taiwan has been unearthed at the site of the right Xianfang

(Photo: Wiki) ▼

By the time of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Taiwan's agricultural production level had developed greatly. In addition, later Ming Zheng surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and the imperial court developed with Taiwan, strengthened the exchanges between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait.

After the Battle of Penghu, the Qing army took the stage

Taiwan was incorporated into the Qing Dynasty as part of Fujian Province and the territory of the Qing Dynasty

(html) l3 Qing Dynasty West Gate of Taiwan Provincial Administration Department)

(Photo: Wiki) ▼

In addition to the Jianan Plain, Pingtung Plain and central mountainous areas have also been developed to varying degrees. grain has basically achieved self-sufficiency, and surplus grain can also be transported to the mainland in a bumper harvest year. With the help of Taiwan Island's superior hydrothermal conditions, the sugarcane planting industry has gradually emerged. During the Kangxi period, Taiwan Island could supply 54,000 tons of sugar to the mainland every year.

Stone cart for pressing sugarcane

At that time, there were more than 1,200 sugar energy plants in Taiwan

(Picture: wiki) ▼

At that time, rice was mainly grown in southern Taiwan, and could already be ripe twice a year. Large-scale planting of wheat crops has begun to occur in the northern region, and barley, wheat, , buckwheat, all appeared on the dining tables of residents in northern Taiwan. The development of northern regions is mainly concentrated in basins and plain areas, and includes Taipei Basin , Lanyang Plain, Pulishe Basin and other places. Due to the mixed crop of early rice and wheat, Taiwan does not have to worry about food supply when the late rice in autumn is not yet mature.

Now Taiwan does not regularly organize fun experiences of rice cutting

Let's cut rice together

(Picture: Twit ter) ▼

At this time, on the island of Taiwan, late rice, sucrose, oil crops and tropical fruits were produced in the southern plains, and the northern basin produced in the two seasons The agricultural geographical pattern of rice and wheat has been formed. As agricultural products transactions in the north and south become more frequent, the production of grains complements time, gradually freeing the island from the famine era, and is moving towards a period of relatively abundant and stable development.

Rice field art at Pingtung Tropical Agricultural Expo in Taiwan

(Picture: shutterstock) ▼

Retreatment of the indigenous people

As Taiwan's population continues to increase, the demand for land in Agriculture is also becoming more and more vigorous. However, arable land is limited to the southern plains and northern basins, while the vast central and eastern mountains have not been used.

In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, most of the land on Taiwan’s island was still in the hands of the indigenous people. In the official archives of the Qing Dynasty, Taiwanese indigenous people were called "French people". According to the degree of Chineseization, it is divided into "familiar romance" and "breed romance".

From the terrain to production mode, to the "fan people" boundary, it is highly consistent

(base map: NASA) ▼

How to treat and manage the indigenous peoples is an important part of the Qing government's policy of governing Taiwan. is different from the bloody massacres of the natives in North America later. At that time, although there were occasional conflicts between the Han people and the Aboriginal people, and although immigrants also had to fight for their own living space, the Qing government and the Han people always maintained a relatively civilized approach.

Indigenous people who lived by hunting in the Qing Dynasty

(Photo: John Thomson /Wiki) ▼

The Qing government had three main policies on indigenous people and indigenous people's land. implemented the persuasion of land and the opening of mountains and comforting the country at different stages. and the policy of banning the move. has promoted the transformation of the production and lifestyle of the indigenous people in Taiwan, and has played a positive role in resolving ethnic conflicts and promoting ethnic integration.

Mudan Society incident changed the Qing court's governance policy from negative to positive

The importance of Taiwan as a border area is self-evident

So three cross-border roads running through the east and west of Taiwan were built

(picture: Flickr&Wiki) ▼

to the late stage, the Han people The relationship with the indigenous people has improved greatly, and both sides have a deep understanding and understanding of each other. private contracts with indigenous people have gradually become the mainstream. This private reclamation is very civilized. The two sides signed documents under the supervision of the government, and the forms of foreign reclamation, combined management, and official supervision of foreign reclamation emerged across Taiwan.

In order to prevent conflicts in private cultivation, there are also conflicts in private cultivation

also has a "Strictly prohibited craftsmen from crossing the border"

is divided into large ridges Water is the boundary, the Han people are in front of the mountain, and behind the mountain is the indigenous

(Picture: tbocc.gov.tw )▼

After a long time, also had irreconcilable contradictions between the two sides. immigrants are increasing, and many people from southern Fujian have moved to Taiwan with their families. The land needed is also increasing, and it is inevitable that there will be friction when paying rent to the indigenous people for a long time. The class contradiction between landlords and tenants, and the ethnic contradiction between Han and indigenous peoples have intensified together.

The first Taiwanese Jinshi Zheng Yongxi

For this purpose, he wrote "Abuse of Peace". The article said that

people changed It is because of the

that starts with the division of ethnic groups. This is very serious in Taiwan, especially in freshwater. It is very serious in

(Photo: wiki) ▼

The Han immigrants took advantage of their number of people and coerced the indigenous people to sell their land parcels to themselves and the incident has been repeatedly banned. 200 years, indigenous people have continuously lost their land, resulting in "the cause of the preservation of the foreign people cannot survive eleven or thousands of things." There are economic disputes and violent conflicts in this process.

The pressure on the number of Chinese people will only increase

Dazhuang incident dominated by the Dawulong tribe

Shao clan incidents led by the leader of the leader of the Shao clan are all conflicts in the original Han

(Shao clan man picture: Lang Jingshan /Wiki) ▼

The result is that during the 300 years since the Han people moved to Taiwan on a large scale, the indigenous people gradually retreated from the entire island of Taiwan to the eastern mountains. In terms of number, to date, 70% of Taiwanese people in southern Fujian account for Hakka people : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Accounts for 20%, and the remaining 10% are from other provinces who entered Taiwan Island after the Liberation War. The influence of indigenous people on Taiwanese society has almost dropped to 0.

has built a large number of villages for resettlement of veterans who have moved to Taiwan

, which is the "military village" that is now regarded as a cultural heritage

(Picture: shutterstock) ▼

During the reign of the Jiang family, people from other provinces were generally regarded as elite groups and controlled Taiwan Island. political and economic power within. Agricultural production is mainly done by people from southern Fujian, and for a long time, there has been a resistance between the two groups. There is also a clear division of group camps in the political ecology of Taiwan’s island today. For example, 80% of the people in southern Fujian support the Democratic Progressive Party, most of the Hakka support the Kuomintang, and those from other provinces and residents of Kinmen and Mazu are the iron votes of the Kuomintang.

Indigenous people have long been excluded from mainstream society. However, as the new generation of "naturally independent" young people in Taiwan grow up, the political status of indigenous people tends to be elevated, while On the contrary, people from other provinces are slow to go Being politically marginalized.

(Picture: Zhang Zhangzhang) ▼

References:

. "Research on the differences in agricultural regions in Taiwan over the past 400 years", Zhao Guifang

. "Individual Reclamator in the History of Taiwan Development in the Qing Dynasty", Zhou Xianghe

. "Testing Fujian Immigration to Taiwan "The content of this article is provided by the author and does not represent the position of the Earth Knowledge Bureau

cover: shutterstock

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