Recently, the news of "women driving into the Forbidden City" has attracted widespread attention on the Internet. Some experts told the media that the ground brick body of the Forbidden City is the category of cultural relics, and it is irreversible to damage it on it. Why is the Forbidden City floor tiles called cultural relics? Why is it so precious?
article | Wan Keyi
01 Palace Palace Traditional Tiles
According to the "Overall Plan for the Protection of the Forbidden City (2013-2025)" (hereinafter referred to as "Master Plan"), the existing ground floor area of the Forbidden City is 384,300 square meters. After years of changes and replacement, the pavement area of traditional materials such as stones, bluestone, and blue bricks in existing ground is about 223,200 square meters, accounting for 54.11%of the total area of the ground; The area of material paving is about 16.11 million square meters, accounting for 39.05%of the total ground area. Among them, 88.35%of the traditional materials paved with good preservation (Class A), and 11.65%of the better preservation (Class B). It can be seen that the number of households in the traditional sense is quite limited in terms of quantity.
Screenshot Source: "The Overall Plan for the Palace Museum (2013-2025)"
According to Beijing For the Qing Dynasty During the Qianlong period, it was mainly distributed between several large halls. The natural loss of the floor tiles was serious. During the Republic of China, the early days of the founding, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, they had been replaced. On a square, there may be a variety of days of floor tiles. "But even during the Republic of China period The floor tiles are also within the scope of cultural relics. The "General Planning" pointed out that the market supply of traditional paving materials has decreased, its traditional manufacturing technology has gradually disappeared, the quality of paving materials has decreased, and the supply of daily maintenance engineering materials such as paving ground replacement is affected.
02 Make 29 procedures for making " BRICS ", and it takes time to take over 1 year
to build the Forbidden City project. So where are these building materials? There is an article that most of these are Linqing bricks from Shandong.
"Spring and Autumn" magazine in 2001 "Linqing Brick and Forbidden City " has pointed out that Shandong Linqing is the main firing base and supply base of Beijing construction bricks in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Specialized sending agencies to manage burning affairs.
According to the memories of kiln households, at that time, the kiln used firewood, such as bean straw, wheat straw, cotton and firewood, etc., a kiln brick would take one month to get out of the kiln. The fired emperor tiles weigh up to about 20 kilograms each, and it must be tested by block after the kiln. Those who knock on the metal of the hair are qualified, and the rest are slightly incomplete. Those who dumb and color are eliminated. The top -waiting bricks of the bean -green color should be sealed with yellow mounting paper, sent to the canal pier, and shipped from the north to the north to Beijing. According to regulations, each transport officer ship is shipped 40 yuan, and the civilian ships are carried out of 20 yuan, and there must be no damage on the way.
In addition to Linqing bricks, the "BRICS" used in the palace room is even more sophisticated. In fact, these floor tiles are neither "golden" nor "jade", but are fired by specific soil through complex processes.
According to public reports in 2018, Taihu World Cultural Forum has donated an important material for ancient buildings to Palace Museum , including 100 "BRICS".
It is understood that since the establishment of the Forbidden City of Emperor Yongle Zhu Xi, the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty sent officials in Suzhou to set up kiln firing square bricks for palace construction and maintenance. Suzhou Lu Mu is located on the west bank of Yangcheng Lake because of its unique natural environment. The soil is delicate and moist, and the brick -making skills are fine and mature, making the bricks finely firm. Among them, the most detailed texture is like a metal, called "BRICS". Therefore, Lu Muyao District has always been the materials used in the main palace rooms in the royal architecture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it is also an indispensable part of the maintenance protection of ancient buildings in the Forbidden City.
Suzhou Royal Kiln Pink Brick Manufacturing Skills Sixth -generation inheritor Jin Jin introduced at the donation ceremony in 2018 that the production of ancient law "BRICS" was mainly divided into soil, mud, blanking, kiln and water. Four major links, a total of 29 procedures. In the production engineering, it takes about 3 months to use the mud, and it takes about 5 to 8 months to make the blank. It takes about 5 months to burn the kiln. It takes about 1 year to complete all the processes. 20%.
According to Surging News, in the 1980s, Jin Jin's father Jin Meiquan led brick craftsmen to initially restore the ancient law and produced a group of large -scale tiles. The Palace Museum laid these newly -made square bricks on the Kuning Palace Corridor, which has a colder climate. As a result, after nearly 30 years and tens of millions of people trampled on, these bricks have not yet been worn. In 2006, the "Suzhou Royal Kiln Vancouver Production Skills" was included in the first batch of national non -heritage lists.
has rumors that a floor tiles are equivalent to one or two gold. It is said that the "BRICS" of the same "BRICS" of the same model of the Forbidden City had sold a high price of 9.5 million yuan. It sold for 800,000 yuan. Although there is no accuracy of the verification, but the cumbersome craftsmanship, it is almost worthy of the title of "BRICS".
03 Forbidden City has banned motor vehicles from entering and exiting
many years ago. It is not difficult to see that whether it is made by ancient methods or renovation renovation, each floor tile of the Forbidden City will consume a lot of manpower and material resources. For this reason, the Forbidden City takes a variety of measures to protect the cultural relics including the ground tiles. According to public reports, in addition to 80,000 people per day, starting in early 2013, the Forbidden City has fully implemented the regulations for motor vehicles in the open area.
Palace Palace Palace Data Map of the Palace of the Palace of the Palace Palace
The "Master Plan" above is clear that in addition to the need for carrier dealers such as inheritance protection and personnel first aid for the audience, the Forbidden City only allows battery cars to allow battery cars to For traffic, the remaining motor vehicles shall not travel in an open area.
"Master Plan" pointed out that the cultural reservoir and RV routes in the open area should make special regulations on driving hours and routes to avoid the cross -line of cultural relics and the audience. The internal management zone of
is the office area of the management personnel. After adjustment of the building utilization function planning of the Forbidden City, the east and west functional areas will be formed. The planning requires management and the tissue of the inside and outside of the West Palace Wall as a closed two -circle circular route. The location and scale of the parking lot in the internal management area need to be controlled by the overall landscape effect of the inheritance.
In addition, the "Master Plan" also proposes planning with the design and management of the audience transport route design and management of the Ming and Qing Royal Heritage Exhibition Area around the Ming and Qing Royal Heritage Exhibition Area, such as Tai Temple, Zhongshan Park , and Jingshan, as well as measures such as Dong and Xihua . Essence
cover, Introduction: In the Forbidden City's data map, the new Jingwei Wancai Righteous Photo
Editor: Li Yingying
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