Source: People's Daily client
Baima Snow Mountain Scenery Langpi Photography
Yunnan Golden Monkey Peng Jiansheng Photography
"Oh——, oh——, oh——, agua pinch?" The sound of the ancient Qing in the morning comes from It started with a long call.
As soon as it dawned, the monkey protection team members of the Lisu ethnic group went up the mountain. The Yunnan golden monkeys sleeping in the forest have just woken up. The monkey guards call in Lisu : "Hey, hey - where are you?" Soon, "Hmm, um, um" will be heard in the dark forest. Answer, the day of harmonious dependence between humans and monkeys begins...
This is Xiangguqing in Tacheng Town, Weixi County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. It is located in Yunnan Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve . There are more than 60 Yunnan golden monkeys in 10 "families". It is the only place where humans can A place to observe Yunnan golden monkeys up close. For those monkeys in high-altitude forests, even with a guide, you may not even be able to see the monkey's buttocks after searching for several days in the mountains. As for the monkey group on display at Xianggu Qing, the monkey guards and the Yunnan golden monkeys get along day and night, and are familiar with each other's scents and temperaments. The rangers can call each monkey by name, and the visitors are all amazed.
The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey is the animal with the most human-like face in the world. It has the same teeth as humans and its thick "flaming red lips" are unforgettable. They are also one of the largest and highest-altitude primate species on earth. They live in alpine coniferous forests all year round and are known as "snow mountain elves", mysterious and elegant. It is located in the global biodiversity hotspot of the "Three Parallel Rivers" in the Hengduan Mountains. It stretches from Mangkang, Tibet in the north to Yunlong, Dali, in the south. This is where the Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys live.
The Yunnan golden monkey is a unique species in my country. It is a national first-level protected animal and has entered the world's red list of endangered species. However, the "Yunnan Golden Monkey Whole Territory Dynamic Monitoring Project Report" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") released at the end of April this year shows that the current number of its populations has reached 23, with a total number of more than 3,300 individuals. Since the late 1980s, the population and overall number of Yunnan golden monkeys in my country have been growing - for example, statistics in 1996 were about 13 populations, with a total of 1,000-1,500 individuals.
The "Report" believes that the Yunnan golden monkey habitat and its population are now in the best protected natural state in history. Most of the habitats have regular and institutionalized patrols. The population and individual numbers have increased overall and begun to move towards external diffusion.
A glimpse of one spot reveals the whole leopard. The conservation achievements of Yunnan golden monkeys are a shining example of my country's biodiversity protection . In midsummer, the reporter walked into the Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve in Yunnan, where the Yunnan golden monkey population accounts for 60-70% of the total. In the past 40 years, how has the protection of Yunnan golden monkeys progressed? What to do next?
Yunnan Golden Monkey Xiao Lin November 5, 2009 Photographed in Baima Snow Mountain, Yunnan
From left to right: Xiao Lin, Long Yongcheng, Lao Ke, Zhong Tai
A journey - "It was the hard work of grassroots protectors"
From 6 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. Yu Jianhua spends most of the year guarding the monkeys, with a simple plastic shed sheltering him from wind and rain. In the morning, he led the family of Yunnan golden monkeys in charge from their overnight stay to the monkey viewing point, fed them usneas , apples, etc. to welcome the morning visitors. When the Yunnan golden monkey took a nap, he hurriedly scooped up his food. When he sees a monkey that is in a bad state of mind, he will quickly contact the nearby "Wild Animal Rescue Station".
Among the 28 monkey guards in Xianggu Qing, Yu Jianhua is the most senior and legendary one - he was once a well-known hunter. From the age of fourteen to forty-five, he was renowned for his perseverance, agility and marksmanship. Baima Snow Mountain. Among the front-line monkey protectors who were born in villagers, there are many who have experienced the transformation from hunters to protectors. Monkey guards are different from forest rangers. The wages of monkey guards in Xiangguqing are now paid by the nearby " Yunnan Golden Monkey National Park ", and the rangers come because of national policies.
In April 1997, Li Hu, the old leader of Weixi County Forestry Bureau, came to Yu Jianhua and said that he should stop hunting and go up the mountain to find monkeys. Yunnan golden monkeys are national treasures. If you protect them, "the monkeys will repay you."At that time, the County Forestry Bureau used tight office funds to squeeze out a "salary" of 6 yuan per person per day for the monkey protection team. In this way, Yu Jianhua gave up his career as a hunter and became one of the first three "monkey guards".
Yunnan golden monkeys mainly live in forests above an altitude of 3,000 meters, and are accustomed to staying away from humans. Even if they occasionally see their true appearance, they will disappear without a trace like the wind in the forest. To protect monkeys, you must first find them. Yu Jianhua and several hunters often trekked in the forest for more than ten days in a row. On rainy days, the visibility is only a few meters due to clouds and fog in the mountains. They can only take shelter under big trees and rocks, getting wet. When it snows, the snow in the mountains is often up to their waists. The cold, getting lost, and the dangers of cover may kill people. ...
Slowly, Lao Yu and the others figured out how to find the Yunnan golden monkeys: through feces on the ground and branches and leaves left behind by eating, and by climbing to the big trees on the ridge to listen to the Yunnan golden monkeys. Through the sound of their favorite food such as bamboo shoots, wild fruits, and usneas, and by waiting at the drinking water point, Lao Yu and the others finally discovered the traces of the monkey group - a large group of several hundred!
Reporter asked: "Find How can a monkey get close to them? "Yu Jianhua said: "I have been following the monkeys for seven or eight years."
It is common to follow the monkeys for dozens of kilometers every day. What kind of "roads" are they? The altitude is high and there are many cliffs. Lao Yu and the others' toenails fell off and new ones could not grow, and gradually turned into thick calluses. The hard work paid off, and the monkeys remembered their voices and figures. Because they felt safe, they did not run away anymore. They stayed in the tree to eat and sleep when they should. The poachers did not dare to take action anymore, so Lao Yu and the others picked up "buttons" of hunting gear along the way and became the "personal bodyguards" of the Yunnan golden monkeys.
In 2008, in order to better study the Yunnan golden monkeys and carry out science education, the Baima Snow Mountain Reserve decided to separate some families from the Xiangguqing monkey group for "habituation" and established the Baima Snow Mountain Yunnan golden monkey research base. When the day of the "separation" came, the monkey guards drove the large group of monkeys into the mountains while comforting the more than 100 monkeys who stayed behind. Despite their reluctance, the remaining Yunnan golden monkeys believed in the monkey guards. In order to improve the nutrition of the monkeys, the monkey guards prepared eggs, apples, pumpkin seeds, etc. The monkeys did not dare to touch these unprecedented foods. But under the "persuasion" of the monkey protection team members over and over again, "Aza, let's eat it (it's safe)", a miracle happened again!
In 2009, the People's Government of Diqing Prefecture approved the establishment of the "Dian Golden Monkey National Park". This monkey group Later called "display monkey group". Today I was able to see the Yunnan golden monkey up close, thanks to the "old Yus". The reporter asked Yu Jianhua: "Have the Yunnan golden monkeys repaid you?" He said: "Now the monkeys are like family members, what do you want in return?"
The "Report" shows that since the founding of the People's Republic of China, deforestation, mineral development and road construction in forest areas, etc. Infrastructure is the main cause of the destruction and shrinkage of the Yunnan golden monkeys' habitat; commercial hunting and poaching are the direct reasons why the Yunnan golden monkeys are on the verge of extinction. In addition, the development of alpine pastures for grazing, mining of medicinal materials, fungi, etc. will also compress and affect their habitats.
In April 1983, the Baima Snow Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve was established, and then a unit-level management office was set up under the Deqin Forestry Bureau. 16-year-old Zhong Tai was recruited that year and became the first batch of people dedicated to protecting Yunnan golden monkeys. After going through "hard years of burning passion", Zhong Tai is now about to retire.
Zhong Tai recalled that he arrived at Benzilan by truck and followed the caravan for three days to the "station": the "station" was still on the document, and he had to ram earth and build the walls himself. At that time, the management station also had a mule, with a monthly salary of 25 yuan and 120 kilograms of rations - the salary was used to raise the mule. Zhong Tai’s salary is less than 52 yuan and his ration is 35 kilograms. A few young men at the station often didn't have enough to eat and would go to work "sitting" on the mules' rations. The
management station protects Yunnan golden monkeys, but no one has ever seen it, so it just promotes the protection of "yellow monkeys" - there are no pictures of Yunnan golden monkeys.People thought they were protecting macaques , and they all shook their heads: macaques destroy crops and attack people, what is there to protect? It was not until the end of 1985 that Zhong Tai accompanied Bai Shouchang and other teachers from the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, on field investigations and found out that adult Yunnan golden monkeys are black and white, and the common people call them " big green monkey " or " flower monkey ". The people who protect the "Flower Monkey" have no problem with it: that creature is on the high mountain and has nothing to do with the village.
In order to assist scientists in investigating monkeys, Zhong Tai, his colleague Xiao Lin and others carried more than a dozen pairs of Liberation Shoes into the mountains. They wore out one pair after traveling through mountains and rivers for three to five days, and wandering around in the mountains for more than ten days or even a month. Liujin, a retired employee of the Benzilan Management Office, told reporters that once he and Zhong Tai went into the mountains to block the Yunnan golden monkeys that "ran out of the protected area." They lost their equipment and got lost in the mountains again. "My thirsty neck felt like someone was being beaten." "Strangled", I had to break open the bark of the tree to suck the juice of Huashan pine . He almost fainted and was dragged away by Zhong Tai. He was on the verge of death and was rescued after two days and one night. The forest ranger who had traveled all the way over the mountains and ridges to give it to him fell to the ground from exhaustion.
Dr. Xiao Jin, editor-in-chief of the "Report", lamented: The achievements of Yunnan golden monkey protection are the result of the hard work of grassroots protectors in the past 40 years. This period of history is worth remembering.
Yunnan Golden Monkey Xi Zhinong February 15, 2008 Photographed during a patrol in Yunnan Baima Snow Mountain
An organization - "It still depends on the country's major policies"
This year's Baima Snow Mountain is extremely dry, and the thick moss in the dense forest is withered and yellow. The Benzilan Management Office cleans up drinking water points , three new reservoirs were built in the mountains to quench the thirst of Yunnan golden monkeys and other animals. For the safety of animals, the drinking pool cannot be built too big; the management office also buys salt from Tibetan salt wells to prepare medicated salt and puts it into the water to prevent diseases such as scabies and mites in wild animals. Deputy director Chen Jie said: "Nowadays, wild patrols have been institutionalized and infrared cameras have been laid out in a grid. Compared with the older generation, the changes have been earth-shaking."
Benzilan Management Office belongs to the Deqin Branch of the Nature Reserve Management Bureau. , which was also the first place to establish a management agency in 1983. The first generation of Baima people were able to endure hardship but did not have a high level of education. Nowadays, the staff in the reserve, who are around 30 years old, have become the "backbone" and have professional knowledge and high technology. When the
reporter interviewed at the Benzilan Management Office, half of the ten staff members were patrolling in the wild. Chen Jie introduced that patrolling is the most basic and important task of resource management and protection in protected areas, and is divided into daily patrolling, monitoring patrolling and inspection patrolling: daily patrolling and monitoring patrolling have annual plans and fixed routes; monitoring Patrols focus more on collecting data using equipment such as infrared cameras; inspection patrols are irregular and irregular, and they will definitely go there when people report crimes and report the situation.
Different from the early days when mountain patrols relied on their legs to survive and sleep in the open air for a long time, scientific and technological means are increasingly exerting great power in Baima Snow Mountain. The Benzilan Management Station was the first to use infrared monitoring - where there is a signal, the information collected by the "thermal response" is immediately transmitted back, which has obvious effects on observing animal activities, forest fire prevention and anti-poaching. For poachers, hidden infrared cameras are like ubiquitous "eyes in the sky", and they can be caught without even realizing it. And more and more high-definition cameras are deployed, which can monitor an area with a radius of two kilometers, making management and protection even more powerful. These video materials can be directly connected to the management departments of Tongzhou and the province. Sitting in the office in Kunming, you can see the situation in the Baima Snow Mountain.
As he is getting older, Yu Jianhua "coaxed" his son Yu Zhonghua, who was working in Lijiang, back to his hometown and has been involved in monkey protection for fifteen years. Yu Zhonghua is 34 years old this year. Although he only graduated from junior high school, he talks about Yunnan golden monkeys as frequently as a professional college student. Ever since he went up the mountain with his father to see Yunnan golden monkeys, Yu Zhonghua has become increasingly fascinated by monkeys. What he is now interested in is: What do Yunnan golden monkeys eat throughout the year? What other wild animals are there in the habitat of Yunnan golden monkeys, and what is the relationship between them? Compared with his father, Yu Zhonghua has a higher scientific literacy - he will search for information on the Internet, ask questions from experts who come to inspect, and put his own videos on new media to interact with fans.
Yu Zhonghua told reporters: "The places where Yunnan golden monkeys like to move are also places with many kinds of animals and plants and a beautiful environment. Those artificial forests with a single tree species are neither food nor safe. Yunnan golden monkeys are not willing to go there, so they are also biologically diverse." A sex 'weather vane'!"
Xie Hongfang, director of the Management Bureau who retired last year, concluded that Baima Snow Mountain protection has gone through three stages: the passive protection management stage, the "community co-management" stage and the gradually scientific and standardized protection stage. "To protect Yunnan golden monkeys, we must rely on national policies," said Xie Hongfang.
In the "passive management stage", poaching of animals and deforestation occurred frequently. The management of the protected area was "this is not allowed, that is not allowed", and people were arrested everywhere in the villages. The people have relied on the mountains for generations. Apart from hunting, selling firewood, and digging herbs, they have almost no other way to survive. They often ask: "Is it more important, the monkeys or us?"
Seeing that the road to protecting the Yunnan golden monkeys can no longer go on, some NGOs have brought ideas and projects of "community co-management": improving the livelihood of people in the reserve, guiding the transformation of production and lifestyle, and allowing the people to participate in protection. In the new stage since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the country has made unprecedented investment in ecological protection and poverty alleviation, and the environmentally friendly development path of Baima Snow Mountain has been continuously deepened and expanded.
Xie Hongfang said that the growth of the Bureau also shows that the party committee and government attach great importance to biodiversity protection. In 1988, the Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve was upgraded from provincial level to national level. In 2003, the Management and Protection Bureau became an agency directly under the state government, step by step from the stock exchange level to the director level. There were only 41 people in the reserve in 1996, which increased to 73 in 2003 and now has 133 people. The number of scientific researchers in the Conservation Bureau has also increased from 5 in 2003 to 30 now!
Xiang Ruwu, director of the Wildlife Protection Division of the Yunnan Provincial Forestry and Grassland Bureau, introduced that in the past two decades, Yunnan has been operating with “4 Take the lead” and “3 innovations” to explore ways to protect biodiversity. Take the lead in carrying out rescue of extremely small population species, compensation for wild animal accidents, exploration of national park models and rationalizing the management system of nature reserves nationwide. At the same time, innovative cross-border biodiversity protection and forestry science and technology "Double Ten Actions" were carried out, and a relatively complete forestry germplasm resource conservation system was established. Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", the province has implemented more than 120 projects to rescue and protect extremely small populations of wild plants, and has added 44 division-level institutions to various protected areas, laying a solid foundation for biodiversity protection.
The country’s “major policies” have played a fundamental role in the protection of Yunnan golden monkeys, the most prominent of which are the ban on logging of natural forests and the fight against poverty. Xie Hongfang said that in 1998, the state banned logging of natural forests, which directly protected the habitat of Yunnan golden monkeys and allowed countless animals and plants to rest in peace, which was a great merit. At that time, he was the deputy director of the State Forestry Bureau and was in charge of the personnel diversion of forestry companies. The end of the "wood finance" of cutting down trees and selling them for money has made the once prosperous counties of Weixi and Deqin quiet for several years. However, after the "painful" transformation, local cultural tourism and biological industries have developed, and the concept of ecological and environmental protection has undergone tremendous changes, which has also given rise to many innovative measures for ecological and environmental protection.
Poverty Alleviation directly improves the quality of life of the people in and around the reserve, and the once poor and isolated villages have a completely new look. Lu Rongpinchu, who moved from Yeri Village to the Diqing Economic Development Zone during the "ecological poverty alleviation relocation", said: "After moving out, my mind was focused on the outside world. My income has increased many times compared to what it was in the mountains! I don't even want to go into the mountains to pick matsutake mushrooms." It’s hard to make less money and feel tired!”
Yunnan Golden Monkey He Xinming Photography
Field scientific expedition records
A model - solving the problem "Monkeys or villagers are more important"
Like Lu Rong Pinchu, who felt that going into the mountains was too tiring, there was Yu Xinhua, a villager in Xiangguqing. On a summer morning, Yu Xinhua climbed over a hillside covered with nettles, and first came to a shade shed next to his house. In the ground, Chinese herbal medicines such as Dian Zhonglou , Qin Geng , Jin Tiesuo were growing gratifyingly. He went to a nearby bee farm to collect honey. There are few flowers blooming in Tianhanshan this year, and the honey production at home is worrying, but Yu Xinhua is not worried. The income of 50,000 to 60,000 yuan from Chinese herbal medicine and beekeeping is enough to make the family's life sweet.
With two children spending a lot of money on education, Yu Xinhua quit his job as a monkey guard in 2011 and turned to beekeeping and Chinese herbal medicine cultivation.The Lisu people, who have lived in the mountains for generations, are good at beekeeping. Yu Xinhua's family has been keeping bees for thirteen generations. Different from the methods of his fathers, Yu Xinhua followed the guidance of expert teachers who came to teach and started "scientific beekeeping". For example, his beehives were no longer made of hollowed-out tree trunks, but new-style beehives that were warm and hygienic.
Baima Snow Mountain’s industries, especially beekeeping and Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, have suffered from the “community co-management” project that has been implemented for more than ten years. Yu Xinhua's "beekeeping transformation" was learned from the teacher from Yunnan Agricultural University invited by the "community co-management". "My master's name is Kuang Haiou, and the university professor accepted three of us peasant apprentices, as well as a Tibetan and a Naxi," Yu Xinhua told reporters proudly.
Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve is different from some foreign " uninhabited national parks". More than 70,000 people in the reserve and within three kilometers of the surrounding area rely on the resources of the reserve for their lives, including firewood fuel, building materials, Cordyceps matsutake and agricultural and animal husbandry land. After years of publicity and crackdowns, poaching and deforestation have become rare in Baima Snow Mountain, and new conflicts in community development have emerged.
The six counties where Yunnan golden monkeys are distributed were all once national-level poverty-stricken counties. Due to their remote location and limited development in the villages surrounding the nature reserve and Yunnan golden monkey habitat, the per capita net income of farmers is only about 60% of that in the county where they are located. Villagers here rarely go to high school, use resources in an extensive manner, and lack knowledge about agricultural product management chains and agricultural science and technology. The question "are monkeys more important or are we more important?" is a must-answer question that needs to be solved continuously.
The example of matsutake resource management in Baima Snow Mountain Reserve can well illustrate the essence of "community co-management". Every year around July, with the onset of the rainy season, Baima Snow Mountain welcomes the season of collecting matsutake mushrooms, which is also the main source of income for the villages near the reserve. However, matsutake cannot be cultivated artificially and depends on the weather. For a while, due to the mentality of "If I don't dig it, others will dig it too", young children who have not grown up and old ones who have opened their umbrellas and will leave seeds were also harvested. The output of matsutake decreased year by year, and the people were very anxious. . The reserve held a meeting in the village to discuss the management of matsutake resources.
Let’s start with the ban on collecting antler. Here comes the question: How old is a child? Someone suggested measuring the size, but the hand of the person measuring it trembled, and it was difficult to say whether it was right or wrong. In fact, the villagers know best about things in the village. The method is: weld a circle with steel bars, and the children can pass through it. So how much is the penalty for picking a child antler? People in the reserve suggested ten yuan, but the villagers said that a fine of too much would cause new conflicts. Let's fine it three yuan. The person who pays it will not feel bad, and the person who receives it will also feel at ease. We also agreed to harvest for three days and rest for one day to let the matsutake "breathe". The matsutake mushrooms from Baima Snow Mountain have gradually become a hot commodity in the market, and the income of villagers has increased. Matsutake cannot grow without Yunnan pines and alpine oaks. The villagers have made it clear in the village rules that cutting down wood and firewood is prohibited. They have an account in their minds: Even if they cut down the mountain, how much can it be sold for? For "Changliushui" with matsutake income, it's nothing to spend more on electricity.
Xiangguqing village group has a total of 48 households and is a Lisu village. Since 2014, the nature reserve has implemented a “community co-management” project in Xiangguqing. Now when I walk into Xiangguqing, the wooden planks covering the roofs of every house have disappeared. There are fewer fires and more electricity. The village regulations and the people's agreement include the obligation to patrol the mountains and collect dead branches for firewood. The villagers and the reserve are as close as one family. . Zhong Tai pointed to the " resin tile" on the roof of the farmer's house and said that in the past, the villagers used wood chips as "headboards" - they found good spruce and other large trees, cut them down, sawed them into sections, and then used a knife to Split into pieces of wood. "When making headboards, one-third of the wood is wasted," Zhong Tai said. Now, the experience of “replacing tiles with tiles” without cutting down trees has been promoted throughout Diqing.
"Community co-management" also changes customs and traditions. The Digong Group of Kona Village is a Tibetan village with thirty or forty households, close to the reserve. During the Tibetan New Year, the villagers have the custom of cutting down thick pine trees to hang prayer flags. Before the New Year last year, the Tacheng Wildlife Rescue Station in the management and protection zone obtained 20,000 yuan to purchase stainless steel galvanized pipes to replace the pine trees, and inserted pine branches on top. A steel pipe can be used for decades.Lai Jiandong, director of the ambulance station, told reporters: "The elders in the village all realize the benefits of not cutting down trees. Before the New Year this year, several villages came to 'ask for projects.'" Zhao Weidong, senior engineer of the Management Bureau of
said: "'Community co-management' 'Also gained international recognition, At some international conferences and foreign university podiums, examples of changes in Baima Snow Mountain Village are often cited. "
Yu Hua, 29, returned to his hometown after graduating from Yunnan Agricultural Vocational and Technical College in 2015 and raised cattle with his father. Unlike his father, he pays more attention to new varieties, and also wants to build a brand and develop e-commerce. Yu Hua discovered that if there were too many cattle and there were not enough pasture resources, they would eat up all the flowers and plants in the forest. There were "big trees but no seedlings" in the forest, and the "Uncles Yu" who kept bees were unhappy. He said: “The development of industries around the protected area needs to take a high-end route.” This means that a higher level of “environment-friendly” nature of the protected area requires “upgrading” in all aspects, and “community co-management” alone is not enough.
Director Xie Hongfang analyzed that "community co-management" is based on a project system. How much money can be used to do as many things as possible, and it is common to do half of it without money. To solve the problems on the Baima Snow Mountain, we must rely on high-quality development model changes. Turn green waters and green mountains into mountains of gold and silver. "The virgin forest is the 'diamond crown' in the green water and green mountains. People who 'keep the treasury' cannot always have difficulties." Xie Hongfang suggested: "Scientific development of new business formats such as forest recreation and ecological education, and transformation of resource dependence patterns are the key to the 14th The future direction of Wuhe”
Yunnan Golden Monkey Xi Zhinong November 5, 2006. Photographed during a field patrol in Baima Snow Mountain, Yunnan, drinking water from dead wood. A network - "Each of us has a responsibility" . The car parked on the side of National Highway 214. We followed a mountain path downhill and walked for about an hour until we arrived at Quzonggong, a beautiful alpine meadow. Two huge U-shaped valleys meet here, and two rivers, Jini and Jiniu, flow out. They are the upper reaches of the Zhubalo River, a tributary of the Jinsha River. The Ecological Positioning Monitoring Station of the Nature Reserve Management Bureau has arrived.
Walking along the Jiniu River, melodious bird calls can be heard from time to time, occasionally mixed with "quacking" calls. This is the chirping of white-eared chickens. The farm where Qu Zonggong artificially breeds white-eared chickens is right next to it. The White Horse Chicken, commonly known as the Tibetan Horse Chicken, is more colorful and more than twice as big as the domestic chicken. Since the 1980s, it has become increasingly difficult to find it in the White Horse Snow Mountain. The management bureau tried to use domestic chickens to incubate and breed white-eared chickens artificially, but it was not possible to raise them to a large size. Later, according to the habitat and habits of white-eared pheasants, the chickens were moved from the Deqin farm to Quzongong, about 4,000 meters above sea level, and from closed breeding to free-range breeding in the mountains and forests, which was finally successful. When the reporter arrived, staff at the monitoring station were cleaning and disinfecting the chicken coop in preparation for hatching white horse eggs.
Walking further along the Ji Niu River, the white tarpaulins the size of Eight Immortals Table dotted on the roadside are confusing. Webmaster Tibu explained that this is a monitoring facility used to collect fallen leaves and fruits. He raised his head and pointed at the canopy of trees that were shaded from the sun: "You see, these trees are similar. In fact, there are many kinds of spruce, fir, , and large-fruited sequoia. Some are deciduous and some are not. A small piece of forest is an ecological community. .”
Regardless of the forest vegetation or the white-eared pheasant, they all live in the same forest system as the Yunnan golden monkey. Mao Wei, deputy director of the Bureau of Management and Conservation, believes that protecting Yunnan golden monkeys is not just about Yunnan golden monkeys. Biodiversity is a system, and "what's good for everyone is truly good." There are many species in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve, and it is closely related to protecting the black bear, forest musk deer, white-eared pheasant and large-fruited sequoia. He said: "Resource management and protection requires both the 'foot power' of trekking through mountains and rivers, and the 'brain power' support of science and technology. Today, scientific research is the soul of Baima Snow Mountain!"
Tacheng Wildlife Rescue Station and Quzongong Ecological Positioning Monitoring Station North and south, like the technological wings of the Baima Snow Mountain Management Bureau, it empowers and improves ecological protection.
The head of the rescue station, Lai Jiandong, is a "post-80s generation" and graduated from Southwest Forestry University .Is working in the mountains a narrow stage? Lai Jiandong retorted: "The stage of Baima Snow Mountain is huge! It covers more than 2,800 square kilometers from the Jinsha River dry-hot valley to the snow mountain glaciers. The three-dimensional climate has given birth to countless animals, plants and microorganisms, which can be studied in a lifetime." In fact, the Baima Snow Mountain Management Bureau has also There is a sign: Yunnan Golden Monkey Research Center.
Lai Jiandong gave an example. The Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys were not in good spirits and developed parasites. Various medications at the rescue station were ineffective. Later, it was discovered that the "earth remedy" of using maple seeds and pumpkin seeds to treat diarrhea was the most effective for the Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys! Zhong Tai has long been responsible for the reproduction of the Yunnan golden monkey population. Observation found that the monkey group has its own mechanism to avoid inbreeding. For example, young male monkeys are kicked out of the blood family at the age of two or three and enter the "full circle". "Male family"; when they reach sexual maturity at seven or eight years old, they will go to other monkey groups to "experience". The high dissociation of adult male monkeys allows gene exchange between groups...
Yunnan University researcher Yu Li led the team to analyze Yunnan Golden monkey DNA genetic relationship is building a species gene bank. She said that after more than a year of hard work by frontline staff in various protected areas, a total of 3,051 fecal samples from 22 populations of Yunnan golden monkeys were collected. The study found that the genetic diversity of Yunnan golden monkeys is at an upper-middle level compared with other primates. level. In order to improve genetic diversity , ecological corridors can be built to connect various habitats. The southernmost Yunnan snub-nosed monkey is located in Yunnan Yunlong Tianchi National Nature Reserve. In recent years, more than 6,000 acres of ecological corridors have been restored.
The "Yunnan Golden Monkey Whole Territory Dynamic Monitoring Project" is the first nationwide synchronous dynamic monitoring of the Yunnan Golden Monkey population. It was launched in November 2017 at the Yunnan Provincial Forestry Department. Standing at a new starting point of the 40-year conservation achievements of Yunnan golden monkeys, what will be done in the future? The "Report" points out that the protection of Yunnan golden monkeys requires the participation of multiple social parties, and recommends the establishment of a public affairs coordination agency around the protected area.
In recent years, many non-governmental organizations have carried out various projects in Baima Snow Mountain. In July 2019, Yunnan Provincial Forestry and Grassland Bureau joined forces with 13 societies and scientific research institutions including the Provincial Green Environment Development Foundation to launch Yunnan's first wildlife protection network - the Yunnan Golden Monkey Whole Territory Protection Network. The Beijing Entrepreneur Environmental Protection Foundation funded the "Dynamic Monkey Whole Territory Monitoring Project", which has filled many gaps in basic materials. The project has also connected entrepreneurs thousands of miles away with the Yunnan Golden Monkeys in the mountains.
Long Yongcheng, honorary chairman of the Chinese Primate Society, has been engaged in scientific research on Yunnan golden monkeys all his life. Long Yongcheng, Zhong Tai and others launched a fundraiser on an online charity platform the year before last, raising more than 200,000 yuan for the protection of Yunnan golden monkeys, of which 50,000 yuan was donated to a ranger family for in vitro fertilization. Now the child has just celebrated his first birthday. His father, grandfather and grandfather are all forest rangers. Without the 50,000 yuan, the family cannot afford medical expenses. Long Yongcheng is still busy raising the "Ranger Care Fund". He said: "Hunters put down their guns to protect Yunnan golden monkeys. Society has the responsibility to provide them with something to rely on when they grow old."
Why should we protect Yunnan golden monkeys?
Long Yongcheng said that the Yunnan golden monkey is a flagship species and an "umbrella species". Protecting it will protect the more than 20,000 square kilometers of virgin forest in China's Hengduan Mountains and all kinds of creatures in the forest.
How to protect Yunnan golden monkeys?
Xiao Jin said that protecting the Yunnan golden monkeys cannot rely solely on local restrictions and restraint. They are dedicated and sacrificed for China and the world, and each of us has a responsibility for this.
Early Autumn in Baima Snow Mountain Photographed by Peng Jiansheng
All pictures in this article are provided by the Management Bureau of Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve
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