Seafood market, how can customs detect food toxins at low cost and faster? Graphene sensor aerosol printed electrochemical sensor provides a reference solution.
Researchers in the United States have developed a graphene-based electrochemical sensor that can detect histamine (allergens) and toxins in food faster than standard laboratory tests.
The team created the sensor using aerosol jet printing technology. The ability to change pattern geometry on demand via software control allows rapid prototyping and efficient optimization of sensor layout.
Professor Mark Hersam from Northwestern University said: "We have developed graphene inks that can be printed by aerosol jet, allowing efficient exploration of different device designs. This is critical for optimizing sensor response."
An additive manufacturing method that deposits material locally and therefore reduces waste, aerosol jet-printed sensors are cheap, easy to fabricate, and portable. This may allow them to be used where continuous on-site monitoring of food samples is required to determine and maintain product quality, among other applications.
Senior author Professor Carmen Gomes of Iowa State University said: "Aerosol jet printing was the basis for the development of this sensor. Carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene, have unique material properties such as high electrical conductivity, surface area and biocompatibility. properties, can significantly improve the performance of electrochemical sensors.
" However, since in-field electrochemical sensors are typically disposable, they require materials suitable for low-cost, high-throughput, and scalable manufacturing. Aerosol jet printing provides us with this. "
The team created high-resolution interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) on flexible substrates by combining monoclonal antibodies with CO 2Thermal annealing process creates covalent attachment of oxygen moieties on the graphene surface, converting it into a histamine sensor.
They then tested the sensors in buffer solution (PBS) and fish soup to see how well they detected histamine. Effectiveness in.
" We found that the graphene biosensor can detect histamine in PBS and fish broth with toxicologically relevant ranges of 6.25 to 100 parts per million (ppm) and 6.25 to 200 parts per million, respectively. ppm. The detection limits are 2.52 ppm and 3.41 ppm respectively. The results from these sensors are important because histamine levels in fish above 50 ppm can cause adverse health effects, including severe allergic reactions, such as theobromine food poisoning.
"Notably, the sensor also showed a fast response time of 33 minutes, without the need for pre-labeling and pre-processing of fish samples. This is significantly faster than equivalent laboratory tests."
The researchers also found that the biosensor's Sensitivity is not affected by non-specific adsorption of large protein molecules commonly used as blocking agents in food samples.
Senior author Dr. Jonathan Clawson of Iowa State University said, "This type of biosensor could be used in food processing facilities, import and export ports, and supermarkets where continuous on-site monitoring of food samples is required. This field test Will eliminate the hassle of sending food samples for laboratory testing This is troublesome because it requires additional processing steps, increases the time and cost of histamine analysis, and therefore increases the risk of foodborne illness and food waste.
" It may also be used for other biosensing where rapid monitoring of target molecules is required. application because sample pretreatment can be eliminated using the developed immunosensing protocol. In addition to detecting small allergen molecules such as histamine, it can be used to detect a variety of targets such as cellular and protein biomarkers.
By switching the antibodies immobilized on the sensor platform to antibodies specific for detecting the appropriate biological target species, the sensor can be further tailored to specific application needs. Examples include food pathogens (salmonella), deadly human diseases (cancer, HIV) or animal and plant diseases (avian influenza, citrus citrus). "
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