Thirty years ago, Lin Yifu became the first economist since the reform and opening up to return to his motherland to work immediately after receiving a doctorate in economics from a prestigious European and American university.

Introduction

Chang'an Jun (WeChat ID: changan-j): Regarding the economy and development, the well-known economist Yifu Lin has many unique insights. This is not only due to his experience as the vice president of the World Bank, but also from his work experience. Uninterrupted practice, research, learning and thinking are inseparable. Thirty years ago, Lin Yifu became the first economist since the reform and opening up to return to his motherland to work immediately after receiving a doctorate in economics from a prestigious European and American university. Over the past thirty years, he has devoted himself to modern economics education in China on the one hand, and continued to engage in academic and policy research on China's economic development and reform on the other. The following is a detailed record of Lin Yifu's journey to becoming "the father of new structural economics " from the perspectives of "dialogue", "legend", "theory", and "practice" -

Lin Yifu photo/"Southern People Weekly" reporter Liang Chen

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" is perhaps the loneliest economist in China at present. "Financial commentator water skin defines Justin Yifu Lin this way not because of his outstanding achievements: he was born in Taiwan, crossed the Taiwan Strait to the mainland, studied abroad in Chicago after graduating from Peking University, and was the first to return to China to found the National Development Research Institute of Peking University. Institute (formerly China Economic Research Center , CCER). Lin Yifu is a school of his own.

Some people label Lin Yifu as a "government faction". He is not angry and does not pay attention to other people's comments. points to the problem "An independent scholar who puts forward opinions through analysis and research", his position has never changed. Lin Yifu likes to talk about issues and criticize when it is time to criticize, but he will not criticize for the sake of criticism. He advocates independent research and ideological emancipation and does not preset positions. Just discuss the matter

Lin Yifu consciously " We are in a severe economic era and cannot live up to this era." As an economist, he advocates understanding the essence through phenomena. His logic is very simple, "New theories always come from the new economy." After China's reform and opening up, The rapid growth is “a phenomenon that has never happened before in human history. "This is enough to support a complete and new theoretical system to understand and transform the world from a Chinese perspective.

Lin Yifu also has a greater goal: to promote China to become a new world economic theory research center, "the main center of the world economy has shifted It is inevitable to move to China, and it is also inevitable that the research center of world economics will move to China. We must have confidence in ourselves." He optimistically estimated that this time point will be 2030.

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interviewed Lin Yifu the day before Qingming Festival. The air is warm and humid, and the magnolia Erqiao in front of Lin Yifu's office is in bloom. Occasionally, the wind blows the flowers and brings back endless thoughts.

Lin Yifu sat on the sofa and talked endlessly about new structural economics. His colleague Xue Zhaofeng , a professor at the National School of Development at Peking University, said, "He (Lin Yifu) has one thing: he is unyielding, has his sights set on one direction, and is single-minded." "In my limited contact with him, he only talked about economics. "Lin Yifu himself is a legend. He is a very powerful figure that will be created in the great era," a colleague concluded.

"Perhaps the loneliest one among Chinese economists." Financial critic Shuipi defined Lin Yifu this way not because of his outstanding achievements: he was born in Taiwan, crossed the Taiwan Strait to the mainland, and studied in Chicago in the United States after graduating from Peking University. He was the first He returned to China and founded the National Development Research Institute of Peking University (formerly the China Center for Economic Research, CCER). Lin Yifu is in his own way.

North of Peking University's Jingchun Garden and south of Wanquan River, Lin Yifu and a group of young economists have taken root here since 1994 to study the Chinese economy and China's experience. He made Langrun Garden his home and spent most of his time here. In this small world, Lin Yifu combined China's reform and opening up experience and successfully proposed a brand-new development economics theory-new structural economics. This new theory will provide theoretical support for developing countries around the world to seek a path suitable for their own development.

Today, Langrun Garden has long become one of the places most closely connected with China's economic reform.

A conversation

On the evening of March 24, Bill Gates delivered a speech on the theme of "China's Future: Innovative Philanthropy and Global Leadership" at Peking University. Lin Yifu hosted the conversation with him at home. Previously, Lin Yifu had taken five hours of classes continuously. He would fly to Boao to attend the Boao Forum for Asia on the second day, and fly to Abuja on the third day. His schedule has always been so tight.

Bill Gates said that the world's attention is on China. "China is not only making new breakthroughs in solving domestic problems, but also using its experience in fighting poverty and disease to help other countries deal with similar challenges." Lin Yifu in When the National Institute of Development was founded, he took the exam Considering that China has ushered in a rare golden period of development, it is like a rich mine that urgently needs to be developed. However, mainstream Western economists cannot understand the Chinese economy, let alone summarize many regular problems to form Chinese experience, and many Chinese scholars It is just copying Western things without any in-depth research of its own.

China's economic problems have Chinese characteristics and are also affected by the world situation. Everyone is paying close attention to China's economic development. "Our economic growth target for 2017 is about 6.5%, leaving ourselves some leeway," Lin Yifu said. From 2010 to 2012, China’s economic growth rate slowed down, a phenomenon that has never been seen since the reform and opening up. In particular, the growth rate of 6.7% in 2016 hit a record low since 1990. “China’s economy in 2017 Has the year truly reached the bottom of the L-shape, and will it continue to decline? "

In June 2008, Justin Yifu Lin took office as the new World Bank , and the economic crisis broke out in September of that year. At the beginning, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund specifically discussed "how this crisis will evolve." At that time, everyone's judgment was relatively optimistic, "(feeling) that the duration is usually three quarters." Historically, in 2010 The bursting of the U.S. Internet bubble in 2006 promoted the development of the U.S. economy, so the world economics community generally believes that the macroeconomics of developed countries are sufficient to cope with this impact. Lin Yifu is in the minority. "(I) judged it to be a long-term crisis at the time," and "it seems to be correct now."

According to the World Bank's forecast, the U.S. economic growth rate may reach 2.2% in 2017 and 2.1% in 2018. It reached 1.9% in 2019. “But we know that the average annual economic growth rate of developed countries, including the United States, was 3% to 3.5% in the past. "The normal growth rate has not been reached, so there is no recovery." The same is true in the euro area. "What happens in developed countries will definitely affect developing countries."

Lin Yifu suggested that developed countries should listen to China's economics. As some say, "When a crisis breaks out in a country, there must be internal structural problems." Chinese economists have seen this, and structural reforms have become a hot topic. The idea provided by Lin Yifu is, "Use infrastructure to invest in to create demand and create jobs." His logic is that infrastructure investment is growth and increases economic growth potential. When normal growth resumes, fiscal and tax revenues will increase, and then reverse Come over to repay the gap created by infrastructure investment. Lin Yifu once conducted a study: every dollar invested in infrastructure in developing countries can increase imports by 7 cents, of which 3.5 cents comes from developed countries. Since the beginning of 2009, Lin Yifu has advocated global infrastructure construction to cope with the most serious financial and economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Unfortunately, very few people responded at that time.

However, in the past two years, more and more people have become aware of the importance of infrastructure investment. The G20 Summit also regarded it as a milestone issue. "Not only Obama agrees with this view, but now Trump also agrees with this view. After Trump came to power, he now talks about US$1 trillion in infrastructure investment in the United States." Lin Yifu thinks that we can seize this opportunity to promote Sino-US cooperation and invest in global infrastructure. "In this case, we really need to use our wisdom to find a way out."

Lin Yifu aims to "use Chinese things to propose a new set of theory".

A legend

Some people label Yifu Lin as a "government faction".He is not angry and does not pay attention to other people's evaluations. "I know that I am an independent scholar who puts forward opinions based on my analysis and research of issues." His position has never changed. Lin Yifu likes to talk about issues. He criticizes when it is time to criticize, but he will not criticize for the sake of criticism. He advocates independent research and ideological emancipation, does not presuppose any position, and only discusses matters as they arise.

Lin Yifu feels that "we are in a severe economic era and cannot live up to this era." As an economist, he advocates understanding the essence through phenomena. His logic is very simple. "New theories always come from new economies." China's rapid growth after reform and opening up is "a phenomenon that has never happened before in human history." This is enough to support a complete and brand-new theoretical system. , understand the world and transform the world from a Chinese perspective. In 2011, Lin Yifu proposed the concept of new structural economics, posing a challenge to economic research.

His peers are also challenging him, including the "family members" in Langrun Garden. Lin Yifu always talked about the theory of comparative advantage when meeting people. Hai Wen, a former professor at the National Institute of Development, stood up and said, "You are wrong." Lin Yifu is always calm, speaking and listening gently. He wanted to hear the voices of criticism and opposition, and he held several seminars without speaking out. "This is a purely academic discussion. We won't stop talking because he is Lin Yifu's teacher. He also wants us to talk." Yao Yang said, "We won't argue until we get red in the face." He is Lin Yifu's student. , the third president of the National Academy of Development.

"I think intellectuals in Taiwan, like Lin Yifu, are usually gentlemen and won't fight over anything." In Wang Dingding's eyes, Lin Yifu "has no competition," "because he is relatively calm." Calm as water Beneath his appearance, Lin Yifu's eyes are sharp and firm. He is full of tenacity and must do what he sets his mind to. For example, when he first started learning computers, since he couldn't use Pinyin, he labeled each key and practiced typing hard.

Lin Yifu rarely chats with others. His greatest pleasure is working. Zhang Jiali, deputy director of the National Academy of Development, said to him: No matter how hard you live, you are getting old, so don’t think you are still as young as you were back then. Sometimes when meeting outside, Lin Yifu would go swimming to keep fit, swimming from one end to the other without stopping. It seems that all his determination, perseverance and courage were condensed in the famous "Visit to Kinmen".

On May 16, 1979, 27-year-old Lin Yifu swam across the Kinmen Strait to the mainland. At this time, he is planning for the future. In the past 30 years, Taiwan has made certain achievements in economic, social, and cultural construction, becoming one of the "Four Little Dragons" in Asia. At that time, the mainland was still backward and poor. "(Mainland China at that time) really could learn a lot from (Taiwan)." Huo Deming, a professor at the National Academy of Development, came to the mainland from Taiwan in 2005. "When I came, most people in Taiwan did not approve of my behavior. Now I see that most people It's acceptable."

Reform and opening up had just begun when Lin Yifu decided to come to the mainland. The deaths of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong added to the uncertainty. At the same time, China and the United States officially established diplomatic relations. In the great changes of the current situation, Lin Yifu gave up his "small self" and chose the "big self" to "contribute to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."

"He (Lin Yifu) has an inexplicable yearning for Chinese culture", "and this yearning is very It’s hard to say how it’s caused, maybe it’s because of studying in school, or maybe it’s in the genes.” Huo Deming said that Lin Yifu once expressed the limitations of Taiwan's overall regional environment on personal performance, "It takes courage to choose the mainland." Huo Deming analyzed that Lin Yifu had some romantic ideas, "I think this is normal, because everyone Young people all have romance. "

In the spring of 1995, a photo was taken of the economic center in its early stages. From left, Zhang Fan, Yi Gang, Lin Yifu, Harvard professors Perkins and his wife, Hai Wen, Yu Mingde, Zhang Weiying

Lin Yifu is more responsible and thoughtful than romantic. He originally majored in agricultural machinery at National Taiwan University. After one year, he transferred to the Army Military Academy - Whampoa Military Academy in Taiwan, where he studied for three years. He then went to National Chengchi University's Graduate School of Business Administration to study for an MBA for two years. At that time, this MBA program was funded by the University of Michigan in the United States. It was the most popular program in Taiwan, just like studying abroad for gold.Logically speaking, Lin Yifu's hardware qualifications are already very good.

In 1978, Lin Yifu was assigned to the Kinmen 284th Division as the company commander of Mashan Company. In terms of official ranks, above the company commander there is the battalion commander, and above the battalion commander there are the regiment commander and brigade commander. Lin Yifu’s boss at the time resigned on February 1. Three months later, on May 16, Lin Yifu chose this day. For a long time afterwards, everyone thought that Lin Yifu was eaten by a shark.

I especially want to know how Lin Yifu could bear to leave his elderly parents, young son and pregnant wife behind.

Lin Yifu leaned back slightly on the sofa, his face flushed, whether from exhaustion or sadness. He was hesitating, hesitating to speak, as if he didn't want to answer my question. I don't want to break the silence. Sometimes silence is also an attitude and a kind of resonance.

I am really worried that Lin Yifu is unwilling to answer such a question. Too many people asked him bluntly whether he had told his wife in advance, and some even directly said that Lin Yifu had called his wife that afternoon to tell her to take care of herself. This kind of bridge is a bit inappropriate when it comes to Lin Yifu. As is human nature, his words and deeds may have revealed his thoughts to his closest wife, but as cautious as he is, he will not implicate others.

Lin Yifu turned slightly to the side, lowered his voice and slowed down his speaking speed. If there was any movement outside the window, I might not be able to hear him clearly. He said, "My wife has a very tacit understanding with me, and many things are left unsaid." This kind of tacit understanding and understanding is what he cherishes the most.

Lin Yifu said that his decision is difficult for people of our generation to understand, but for his generation, it is the "feelings of family and country."

A set of theories

Lin Yifu's popularity reached its peak in 2008. He succeeded Frenchman François Bourguignon as Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank, becoming the first chief economist from a developing country in the history of the World Bank.

In the four years he worked at the World Bank, Lin Yifu never took a day off. He visited 60 of the World Bank's 188 member countries. Based on a large amount of practical research, Lin Yifu discovered a new topic. After World War II, the mainstream Western development economic theories based on structuralism and neoliberalism failed to help developing countries succeed, and the world achieved a leap from low-income to high-income. Only Taiwan and South Korea are the only economies that have achieved rapid development, and there are only 13 economies that have achieved middle-income to high-income status.

Interestingly, in the 1980s and 1990s, the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries believed in the "Washington Consensus" of neoliberal economic theory and advocated "shock therapy" during their transformation. Not only did they not succeed, they found themselves in trouble. Several economies that have successfully transformed, such as China, Vietnam , Cambodia , did not follow the "Washington Consensus" but adopted dual-track reforms. Therefore, China and other developing countries must combine their own conditions and propose a theoretical system suitable for their own actual conditions.

In 2011, Lin Yifu proposed the concept of new structural economics. The core of its theory is that an effective market is guaranteed by a competent government, and a competent government relies on market effectiveness. “To be effective, the market must have the protection of property rights, the development of various markets, and macroeconomic stability. Income distribution affects social harmony and the orderly operation of the market. In the process of economic development, there are bound to be various external contradictions and market failures.” This requires active and proactive The government has to solve the problem. “An effective market requires the government’s action to guarantee it.” “The purpose of the government’s action is to make the market effective. If the government's behavior exceeds the scope of ensuring market efficiency, it becomes overside, and if it does not do what it should do or does not do well, it becomes an absence."

Joseph Stiglitz, Michael Spencer and more than ten people. The Nobel Prize winner in economics spoke highly of this theory, and many developing countries are also very interested. The international economics community believes that this is the third wave of development theory following structuralism and neoliberalism.

Although Lin Yifu obtained his doctorate degree in the United States, he is not superstitious about Western economic theories.His doctoral supervisor, Professor Schultz, a Nobel Prize winner in economics, discovered through research that various economic trends emerged in the West from the 17th century to the mid-20th century, and the prescriptions for new problems were not completely wrong, even if they were not completely wrong. Did not achieve the desired results as claimed. Lin Yifu absorbed the core of American teaching and constantly questioned, asked and discussed.

As early as 1994, Lin Yifu had already begun to propose the prototype theory of new structural economics. At that time, he proposed the theoretical framework of the endogenous development strategy of the economic system in "The Miracle of China" written by Cai Fang and Li Zhou, and started the first step of theoretical innovation; in 2007, he studied at the University of Cambridge in the UK Marshall At the lecture, Lin Yifu once again proposed a series of testable hypotheses, tested them with data, and published "Economic Development and Transformation: Trends of Thought" , Strategy and Viability"; in 2008, Justin Yifu Lin further developed the analytical framework in "The Miracle of China" into "New Structural Economics" and proposed the theoretical system of "efficient markets" and "promising government"; in 2012 , before resigning as Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank, the World Bank Press published Lin Yifu's "New Structural Economy: Rethinking the Theoretical Framework of Economic Development and Policy". Subsequently, Lin Yifu published the book "The Search for Prosperity: How Developing Economies Rise" using the theoretical framework of new structural economics, combined with his work experience in the World Bank and his thoughts and insights from visiting developing countries such as Africa.

"Time, luck and destiny." Huo Deming knew clearly, "Reality is very important. He (Lin Yifu) can stand out in such a realistic environment. His efforts and his nature are inherently different from others." For a scholar, academic research requires not only sufficient patience and long-lasting perseverance, but also a strong sense of direction. Most scholars are not sure about this. It is precisely because of uncertainty that there is a need for research, and it is precisely because of uncertainty that there is a risk in research. In other words, no one can be sure that spending huge amounts of energy on research will pay off in the future.

At first, no one was willing to study the Chinese economy. In 1982, Lin Yifu went to the University of Chicago to study for a PhD in agricultural economics, studying under the tutelage of Nobel Prize winner Schultz. Huo Deming said, "Who is going to study the Chinese economy? There are a few incomprehensible people, and there are no important (mainstream) people, and there is no information to study the Chinese economy." "(Just) a few newspapers on the floor in the library, how can we study it? ? "The more realistic question is, what can we do after studying the Chinese economy?

Lin Yifu did it. If the world's economic circles want to talk about China's economy, the only one who is authoritative and fluent in English is Lin Yifu. He believes in Confucianism and believes that there is a "basic way" for everything. "I think any country or society should encourage you to pursue pursuits." "I can feel the world and the country. This is the highest pursuit we pursue." Goal. If you want to achieve this goal, you must make use of the era you are in, what are its favorable conditions and realistic conditions, Then under these conditions, how do you choose this path? If this path is correct, the contribution you can make will be great, and you may have unexpected ideas."

A practice

After his term at the World Bank expired, Lin Yifu returned to Peking University and continued. Teaching and research work. What Lin Yifu cares about most is his students. He teaches undergraduates every semester, and he has never been delayed even when attending the "Two Sessions" around March every year.

His assistant Chen Xi always remembers a small incident 20 years ago. At that time, the "China Economic Topics" was arranged in the largest classroom, Peking University's audio-visual courses. Lin Yifu's habit of attending class is to prepare carefully before class, not taking breaks between classes, and staying in class after class. The class that was supposed to end at 9 o'clock will be taught until 10 o'clock due to student requests. The classroom administrator was very dissatisfied and once suddenly turned off the lights at 9:30. The students were stunned with a roar. Teacher Lin continued to teach as if nothing had happened until he finished. I apologized to the administrator again and again.

The current "China Economic Topics" is still taught in the largest classroom. The three inner and outer floors cannot accommodate the students who come here to attend classes. I went to class with Lin Yifu.Standing on the podium is the most glamorous Lin Yifu I have ever seen. His kind of calmness comes from the bottom of his heart.

takes teaching and educating people as its mission, creating new mechanisms to cultivate more people, "focusing on teaching, focusing on research, and focusing on direct contributions to policy research." This is the educational standard proposed by Lin Yifu when he founded the National Institute of Development. To innovate, you must make sacrifices. "Only Lin Yifu knows his difficulties." said Hu Dayuan, deputy director of the National Institute of Development and MBA program leader. Lin Yifu did not complain to anyone, "There is indeed pressure." When Peking University gave them policies, he looked for money, people, and places. When others didn't take them seriously, he also forced himself on them, "(I can only say) Good luck."

On June 23, 2007, Lin Yifu was at the graduation ceremony of the National Institute of Development.

"Okay. A leader must have a kind heart," Hu Dayuan said. "When a problem occurs, he (Lin Yifu) will block the responsibility. The most difficult thing is that he will not shirk responsibility. Moreover, he has a high degree of trust in (colleagues), and (others) do not do well. It’s more about tolerance.” Zhang Weiying, who had a fierce debate with Lin Yifu, left the country in 1997 and completely returned to the National Development Institute in 2014.

Lin Yifu always smiles and is very peaceful on weekdays, but he sticks to his theoretical views to the end and has the spirit of never giving up until he achieves his goals. New structural economics has been recognized by some developing countries at the practical level. Africa's Ethiopian has achieved some results through this theory, and the Polish government also referred to the new structural economics theory when formulating the "Poland Long-term Development Plan".

When Lin Yifu was working at the World Bank, he went to Africa 14 times in four years. He found that about 1.4 billion people in Africa still go to bed hungry, and more than one-sixth of the population is struggling in poverty. How to narrow the gap between developing and developed countries has become the issue he thinks about most at the World Bank.

Celestin Monga, executive director of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, worked with Justin Lin at the World Bank. He said that Lin Yifu often asked embarrassing questions: What has

done at the World Bank these years? Why do we give advice to countries that do not become rich and prosperous?

Because those countries did not listen carefully to our suggestions.

Maybe they don't listen to you because your suggestions are not good enough.

Lin Yifu’s words attracted Celestin Monga’s attention. He began to pay attention to what Lin Yifu was thinking and doing. "I seriously say that among many powerful economists, no one can explain the concept of development better than Lin Yifu."

In 1979, the per capita income in Africa was US$575 and that in China was US$182. Thirty years later, China's reform and opening up has brought about earth-shaking changes in its economic landscape, but Africa is still poor. Every time he visits, Lin Yifu "is deeply touched in his heart" and can't bear to look at the children there. This reminds him of the Chinese farmers and Chinese children he saw when he first came to the mainland. "They have always been at the poverty line." But he didn't. It's not that they don't work hard, it's that "the way of thinking determines the way out."

Zhang Xiaobo, professor of economics at the National Development Institute, has followed Lin Yifu to visit African countries including Uganda, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Tanzania. "The (African) market is too big. Where will China's manufacturing industry shift to? Africa "It's a destination." Most of the land there is uncultivated, and there is no machinery or equipment. China has experience, equipment, and funds. "Helping (Africa) increase food production will benefit the African people, and it will also be good for China." "It will also spread China's experience, and Chinese products can also be sold in Africa. In the long run, it will be good for China's manufacturing industry and good for China." It is also beneficial for China to solve its overcapacity. "

Lin Yifu often told them that the United States revived post-war Europe through the Marshall Plan and helped Europe build infrastructure, and Europe in turn revitalized the U.S. manufacturing industry. Lin Yifu's prescription for economic growth in Africa is to learn from China's experience.He believes that if African governments can learn from the Chinese government's one-stop industrial park services and have the head of government personally attract investment, it will greatly enhance the confidence of Chinese entrepreneurs to invest in Africa, and Africa's huge labor market will also provide Chinese labor It provides huge space for the relocation of intensive enterprises. Zhang Xiaobo said that they are starting to investigate at least 500 Chinese-funded enterprises, "to see what they do, what the benefits are, why they go there, what the investment environment is like, and what the impact is on the local area."

Lin Yifu's first pilot project was in Ethiopia . Ethiopia is the poorest country in Africa with backward infrastructure and poor business environment. In March 2011, Lin Yifu suggested to then-Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles that since the country produces leather, he could go to China to attract investment from leather and shoe-making companies in a targeted manner. Later, Meles took the opportunity of coming to China to attend the opening ceremony of the 26th Universiade and invited a group of Chinese entrepreneurs to Ethiopia for inspection. Guangdong Dongguan Huajian Company successfully invested and built a factory in the "Oriental Industrial Park" on the outskirts of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, and has now become Ethiopia's largest export enterprise.

On December 4, 2012, Justin Yifu Lin (right) introduced his new structural economics theory at Stanford University in the United States. Ronald MacKinnon, professor of economics at the school, presented him with a book. MacKinnon was the first economist in the world to analyze the serious obstacles that "financial repression" poses to economic development.

In 2013, the Ethiopian government established a new industrial park in the town of Bolelamin near the capital, making it the most popular country in Africa for attracting foreign investment. and economic development stars. The World Bank provided a US$250 million loan for the second and third phases of the Bole Laming Industrial Park.

The demonstration effect of Ethiopia's economic growth has made Lin Yifu a guest of African heads of state. In February 2013, Tanzanian President Jakaya Kikwete invited Lin Yifu to serve as a consultant to provide advice for the newly established industrial park; in January 2014, Senegalese President Macky Sall invited Lin Yifu to visit and deliver a speech on new structural economics . Because of the contribution of development economics theory to the economic development of African countries, President Sall awarded Lin Yifu the National Order of Merit and the Commander of the High Order of Merit; in July 2014, Ethiopia's new Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn commended Lin Yifu for his contribution to the Ethiopian economy. contribution to development.

If African countries can adopt the new structural economics theory and seize the opportunity of China's industrial upgrading, "I believe that African countries can achieve an average annual economic growth of 8% in 20 years, and they may also be able to get rid of poverty in one generation and within two generations." It will become a middle-income society." Lin Yifu has this confidence.

On September 26, 2015, General Secretary Xi Jinping attended and chaired the South-South Cooperation Roundtable at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, and announced the establishment of the South-South Cooperation and Development Institute, which will be overseen by the Ministry of Commerce of China, entrusted to be hosted by Peking University, and hosted by Peking University National Development Professor Lin Yifu, the honorary dean of the institute, serves as the dean. The establishment of the South-South Institute has found a place for new structural economics theory to be used, and China's development experience can be exported to developing countries on a large scale.

Lin Yifu has concluded a rule through many years of inspection and research. The biggest problem plaguing a country's development is not capital and industrial structure, but the development concept. The first batch of freshmen admitted in September of that year included 30 graduate students studying public administration and 10 doctoral students studying theoretical economics. Most of them are junior, middle and senior officials in the governments of developing countries. It can be expected that when these mid-level and senior officials from developing countries become leaders in the future, they will play an immeasurable role in promoting China's expansion of local influence.

Lin Yifu is one step closer to his ambitious goal. On December 14, 2015, under his promotion, the Research Center for New Structural Economics of Peking University was established in Langrunyuan. It can be said that South-South College and the New Structural Economics Research Center are the two wings of new structural economics. One is a teaching center and the other is a theoretical innovation center.

Lin Yifu also has a bigger goal: to promote China to become a new world economic theoretical research center. "It is inevitable that the main center of the world economy will move to China, and it is also inevitable that the research center of world economics will move to China. We must "We are confident." He optimistically estimated that this time point will be 2030.

Lin Yifu admires two people: one is Li Bing who designed and built Dujiangyan. "The project 2,300 years ago is still irrigating our fields, benefiting future generations." The other is Wang Yangming, "because he is an intellectual who, in a situation where social thought is closed, proposed a new theoretical system that expanded our Confucian system and the theory of the unity of knowledge and action." The combination of the two is also Lin Yifu pursued and practiced.

He never thinks that he has achieved his goal. "Contributing to the modernization of the country is an eternal pursuit. As long as a goal is not achieved, you cannot say that your goal has been achieved. But you still start from what you can do." There are many things that can be done every day, and there should be no end to the things that can be done. "When the day came, I asked him if he wanted to go back to his hometown to pay homage to his parents during the Qingming Festival. He became much softer, with sorrow and regret. He slowly looked back from the corners of his eyes and said word by word, this is a debt, and he cannot forget it just because they (parents) understand.

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