On July 23, The Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council held a press conference. At the meeting, it was introduced that the recent local epidemic has shown a trend of spreading from multiple points and frequent occurrences in many places. The spillover of the epidemic in some areas has not been completely blocked, and the prevention and control situation is severe and complex. .
The COVID-19 epidemic continues to be prevalent around the world, and the frequency of local epidemics across the country has increased significantly since this year. In this regard, the joint prevention and control mechanism requires that we must unswervingly adhere to the general strategy of "preventing external imports and domestic rebound" and the general policy of "dynamic clearing", pool resources and strength to quickly extinguish concentrated epidemics, and quickly curb the spread of local epidemics. Areas without epidemics must also carry out regular prevention and control work.
These are also reflected in the "Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Plan (Ninth Edition)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Ninth Edition") released by the National Health Commission on June 28.
It has been more than a year since the eighth edition. Over the past year or so, the epidemic situation has also undergone many changes. Keywords such as , Omicron, , clustered epidemics, and imported foreign defense have become the focus of prevention and control. These keywords have become the focus of prevention and control. They are also reflected in the new prevention and control plan that keeps pace with the times.
It can be seen that the update speed has slowed down from the ninth edition to the eighth edition. The most frequent updates are from the trial version in mid-January 2020 to the sixth edition on March 7 of the same year, which was less than two days. Six versions were updated in a few months. At this stage, the domestic epidemic has just broken out. Faced with the daily increase in cases, prevention and control must keep pace with the spread of the virus. There is more than a year between the latest ninth and eighth editions of
, that is, from May 2021 to June 2022. During this period, the Nanjing Lukou Airport epidemic, Dalian cold chain imports occurred in mainland my country Food epidemics and many local epidemics such as Putian School in Fujian, as well as the Shanghai epidemic that began in March and the Beijing epidemic in late April, the accumulated experience of various places are also reflected in the plan.
Compared with the content of the eighth edition, the overall requirements of the ninth edition include "adhering to scientific and precise prevention and control", "further strengthening source control", "improving the sensitivity of monitoring and early warning", "controlling the epidemic in the shortest time and at the lowest cost". Expressions such as "minimum scope" and "maximum coordination of epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development."
The ninth version of the prevention and control plan
emphasizes precise prevention and control
precise prevention and control, which is inseparable from the characteristics of Omicron. Omicron strain was first confirmed in South Africa in November 2021. According to the World Health Organization report, the Omicron variant is the main variant currently circulating globally. Existing research suggests that the average incubation period of Omicron mutant strains is shortened, mostly 2-4 days, with stronger transmissibility, faster transmission speed, lower infection dose, and stronger immune evasion ability.
Therefore, the core of the ninth edition of the prevention and control plan is to greatly shorten the period and method of isolation management for risk personnel. The isolation and control time for close contacts and immigrants has been adjusted from "14 days of centralized isolation medical observation + 7 days of home health monitoring" to "7 days of centralized isolation medical observation + 3 days of home health monitoring"; the close control measures for close contacts have been adjusted from "7 days of centralized isolation medical observation + 7 days of home health monitoring" "Concentrated isolation and medical observation for 7 days" was adjusted to "Medical observation for 7 days of home isolation".
In this regard, Wang Liping, a researcher at the Transmission Prevention and Control Department of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that research has found that the average incubation period of Omicron mutants is shortened, mostly 2 to 4 days; most of them can be detected within 7 days. Such adjustments do not mean a "relaxation" of prevention and control measures, but rather a further optimization of prevention and control measures based on the epidemic characteristics of the Omicron variant, which will not increase the risk of epidemic spread and are a reflection of precise prevention and control.
In order to reduce the impact of the epidemic on production and life, the ninth edition of the prevention and control plan unified the delineation standards for closed control areas and medium- and high-risk areas, and unified the concept of medium- and high-risk areas to form a new risk area delineation and control plan. . The introduction of the new set of standards
has greatly reduced the meaning of the asterisks on the itinerary card, which is beneficial to the floating population. In many places, only a 48-hour nucleic acid negative test is needed to go out, and health information can also be replaced by the health code .On the afternoon of June 29, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced that it would cancel the "asterisk" mark on communication itinerary cards to support the efficient coordination of epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, and to facilitate the travel of users.
At the same time, precise prevention and control is also reflected in the management of risky occupational groups. In the ninth version of the plan, the scope of prevention and control has been expanded, whether it is foreign personnel, service industries with high industry mobility, or employees in medical institutions.
In terms of foreign-related matters, the content of the eighth edition is as detailed as that of specific foreign-related departments, such as imported food cold chain supervisors; the content of the ninth edition is simplified, but the scope is expanded, including all "direct contacts with entry personnel, goods, and the environment." "personnel" are classified as risk occupational groups, and the intensity of nucleic acid testing has also changed from weekly to daily testing.
From May 2021 to June 2022, there were many epidemics involving cleaning, decoration, farmers' markets and other places or related personnel, such as the Nanjing Lukou Airport epidemic, the Beijing Yuegezhuang wholesale market epidemic, etc., so in the first In the ninth version of the prevention and control plan, the scope and intensity of testing for employees who gather or have high mobility have been expanded in step with the times.
In key institutions and places, when one infected person is found in the jurisdiction, the eighth edition requires others to conduct daily health monitoring, which is obviously not enough to deal with the transmission characteristics of Omicron. The ninth version requires a round of testing for all personnel in kindergartens, schools, nursing homes, and some production workshops, and 20% of nucleic acid samples will be sampled every day.
Fast is the core
Epidemic handling, case transfer speed is faster
Compared with the eighth version, the ninth version prevention and control has been significantly accelerated. This speed is reflected in the transfer of cases and close contacts, flow control , the release speed of information and nucleic acid In terms of monitoring frequency and other aspects, this is also to better adapt to the strong transmission power of Omicron.
In terms of epidemic response, the eighth edition emphasizes how to manage and control at different levels after the outbreak, while the ninth edition of the prevention and control plan emphasizes the establishment and activation of joint prevention and control mechanisms. After the outbreak of the epidemic, the command system must be activated immediately and the transformation between normal and emergency mechanisms must be completed quickly. This shows that the normal and emergency mechanisms have been established and can be transformed at any time according to the epidemic situation, making it more flexible.
In terms of the discovery of confirmed cases and asymptomatic infections, the content of the ninth edition generally emphasizes the principle of "reporting whenever the sun rises, and reporting when the sun rises". At the same time, it also adds content about those who have been screened positive and requires "issuance of test results" A preliminary screening positive report shall be made within 2 hours." This is also to better determine whether the positive person is a confirmed case or an asymptomatic infection. Compared with the eighth version, there is no such requirement.
What I want to mention here is that there is a big difference between the eighth edition and the ninth edition in terms of diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic infections. In the eighth edition, asymptomatic infections are required to be observed in designated institutions for 14 days and quarantined during the period. A lot of tests still need to be done, and ht will need to be done for another 14 days after the quarantine is lifted. ml1 Home Medical Observation; The ninth version requires asymptomatic infected people to be quarantined in makeshift hospitals for 7 days. Nucleic acid testing takes more into account the Ct value . After the isolation is lifted, they only need to stay at home for another 7 days. Health Observation.
It can be seen that the ninth version of the prevention and control plan is more scientific than the eighth version. The prevention and control process is more concise for infected people, it is also a saving in medical resources, and it is more suitable for the characteristics of Omicron.
The ninth version of the prevention and control plan has also greatly improved the speed of transfer and circulation of cases and asymptomatic infections. The eighth version requires confirmed cases and asymptomatic infections to be transported within 2 hours, and those with close contact to centralized isolation facilities within 8 hours. The ninth version requires immediate transfer to designated hospitals; the eighth version requires "as soon as possible within 24 Complete case investigation of infected persons within hours”, Ninth Edition "Clearly requires that "positive personnel arrive at the scene within 2 hours after review and confirmation, complete the core information investigation of the case within 4 hours, and complete the preliminary epidemiological investigation report within 24 hours." The increase in speed shows that our country's personnel transfer capabilities have greatly improved. promote.
Nucleic acid testing, joint prevention and control, makeshift hospitals
Top-down prevention and control system
In order to more intuitively show the changes in the ninth and eighth editions, we conducted word frequency statistics on the content texts of the two editions and introduced deactivation The lexicon eliminated the influence of meaningless words and punctuation marks, and the word frequencies of the two plans were obtained. At the same time, the frequency of occurrence of key concept words is counted and calculated, and its rising index is obtained.
In addition to "precise prevention and control" and "high efficiency and rapidity", the ninth version of the plan also has these key points:
pays more attention to nucleic acid testing. The frequency of nucleic acid testing in the ninth version is much higher than that in the eighth version. Starting last year , several small-scale epidemics in local areas have made us realize the importance of normalizing epidemic prevention and control. Nucleic acid testing is an effective means of dynamic prevention and control, and is the first line of defense to proactively screen asymptomatic infections and implement prevention and control. , many cities now require residents to have a 48-hour or 72-hour nucleic acid test before entering public places. Many places regard nucleic acid as the core epidemic prevention infrastructure and capabilities.
The concept of staying at home has been strengthened, and the community has become the basic unit of epidemic prevention and control. Whether it is for infected persons who have been released from observation or close contacts, most of the ninth edition requires home testing, while the eighth edition still relies more on designated medical institutions. Home testing not only reduces the occupation of medical resources, but also allows patients or close contacts to live a better life.
At home, community prevention and control requirements are relatively high. As a gathering place for residents in the city, the community is the basic unit of society. Community grassroots governance includes home monitoring, information collection, tracking of key groups, and risk zoning. Post-decision management, control and services also require community support. Stronger community capabilities also reduce people's dependence on medical resources. In terms of
vaccines, in the eighth and ninth editions of the plan, the frequency of vaccine occurrence has not been significantly increased. However, the ninth edition specifically explains the vaccine recipients and clearly states that those over 3 years of age should be vaccinated. "Connect", and emphasized the need to focus on strengthening the full vaccination and strengthening of vaccination for those over 60 years old.
Reference materials: 1. "Important Iteration of the Prevention and Control System: Learning from the Ninth Edition of Prevention and Control Plan"
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/W4NnP03Ro5BkYqYp5qxXjA
2, Xinhua Daily Telegraph China Government Network, "Ninth Edition What targeted adjustments have been made to the COVID-19 prevention and control plan? Expert interpretation》
https://m.thepaper.cn/baijiahao_19047525
Data news editor: Chen Hualuo
New media design: Miao Qihui
Proofreading: Li Lijun
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