From a big country of machine tools to a strong country of machine tools, China is in action.
Text丨Chinese Business Strategies Wu Rui
The Chinese machine tool industry, which has been in the high-end for a long time and was pressed into friction in the middle and low-end industrial chain, has finally ushered in a breakthrough!
[China Machine Tool Removal and New]
"We have finally successfully developed the world's first self-learning artificial intelligence CNC system."
April 12, 2021, Chairman of Wuhan Huazhong CNC Co., Ltd. Chen Jihong announced. The foreign counterparts around him looked surprised.
This time Huazhong CNC launched the "Huazhong 9 CNC System" which integrates artificial intelligence technology, making machine tools work as intelligently as humans without precedent.
This is undoubtedly a shot in the arm for the depressed Chinese machine tool industry.
Since the outbreak of the crisis in China's machine tool industry in 2016, many large machine tool companies have fallen into bankruptcy and reorganization.
In 2017, Kunming Machine Tool Factory was exposed to financial fraud for four consecutive years; in the same year, Dalian Machine Tool Factory , one of the "China Machine Tool Double Heroes", was exposed to a large number of overdue debts and eventually went bankrupt and reorganized; in 2019, "China Machine Tool Double Heroes" Another company of “Xiong”— Shenyang Machine Tool Factory, which used to be the world’s No. 1 in sales, also formally filed for bankruptcy and reorganization because it was unable to pay off its debts.
In 2019, the scale of China's machine tool industry showed a negative growth of -2.31%, and 15.1% of enterprises above designated size suffered losses.
This year is the "darkest moment" for China's machine tool industry.For a time, the voices of bad Chinese machine tools hit the sky: "China's high-end CNC machine tools are 20 years behind Japan", "China-made fighter aircraft can only rely on Japanese CNC systems"...
But in these declining Under the surface, there is actually another life. Just like in nature, forest fires caused by lightning will destroy the natural ecology, but also burn dead wood, promote seed germination, and bring new life to the forest.
Since 2019, a group of Chinese machine tool companies established in the 1990s, with years of technology accumulation and market development, and with the support of national policies, have come to fruition.
For example, Huazhong CNC, the representative of the "post-90s", has successfully developed the 3D printing cabinet "LMDH320A" in addition to releasing "Huazhong 9" in 2021.
" 3D printing technology" has been monopolized by western countries for a long time. This technology can quickly manufacture parts without grinding tools, and can achieve low cost and high efficiency when producing small batches of products. It is widely used in the production of F22 fighter jets in the United States. .
The successful research and development of Huazhong CNC may bring a subversive breakthrough to my country's manufacturing industry.
In other fields, my country's machine tool enterprises have repeatedly reported exciting good news.
For example, Kede CNC, a subsidiary of Dalian Guangyang Technology Co., Ltd., successfully listed on the Science and Technology Innovation Board in 2021. The company's gross profit margin in 2020 is as high as 42.15%. Its high-end five-axis machine tool CNC system GNC60 can achieve 96% of the functions of " Siemens 840D ".
"Siemens 840D" developed by Siemens is equivalent to "Windows 10" in the field of high-end CNC machine tools.It is an operating system used to input commands to the machine tool, and it has long been in a monopoly position. GNC60 shook the monopoly of foreign giants such as Siemens on high-end machine tool systems.
In addition, as early as 2020, Zhongke Iberg Machinery Co., Ltd. finally realized the basic localization of "five-axis linkage double-swing milling head" through continuous research and development.
five-axis CNC machine tool is a high-end machine tool used to produce key components for aircraft, submarines, and medical equipment.
Previously, the five-axis linkage CNC machine tools produced in my country had long relied on imports for their core components, the "milling head". This is exactly the same as the long-term dependence of domestic mobile phone chips and memory on imports, but this situation is being broken.
……
The haze is gradually disappearing, and the "post-90s" machine tool enterprises have turned around.
【The rise and fall of machine tool leaders】
Machine tools are also called "industrial mother machines", and parts of aircraft, ships, automobiles, mobile phones, home appliances, and electrical equipment all rely on it to manufacture.
About one-third of the value added created by manufacturing is directly or indirectly generated by machine tools.
my country's machine tool industry started in the 1950s. With the technical support of the Soviet Union, my country has built 18 backbone machine tool companies, including Shenyang No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 Machine Tool Factory, Dalian Machine Tool Factory, Beijing The first and second machine tool factories, etc. These 18 companies are called "Eighteen Arhats" in the industry.
For a long time, there is a big gap between my country's machine tool technology and Western countries, mainly because the high-end machine tool technology of Western countries has blocked our country for a long time.
In 1949, 17 countries including the United States, Germany and Japan formed the " Paris Coordination Committee " (referred to as Batumi ),Unanimously restrict the export of strategic materials and technologies, including high-end machine tools, to socialist countries such as the Soviet Union and China.
In the 1960s, Chinese experts could only rely on the information in the advertisements of foreign high-end machine tools to conduct research and development, and the performance of the developed products can be imagined.
After the end of the Cold War Although the global economy has gradually integrated, the technological restrictions imposed by Western countries on countries with "threat" have not been relaxed.
In July 1996, 33 Western countries signed the " Wassenaar Agreement ", and continued to restrict the export of sensitive technologies and products including machine tool technology through a licensing system. If a Chinese enterprise wants to buy a Japanese high-end machine tool, it must assure the Japanese side that it is not used for military industry, and that the purchased machine tool cannot be moved or disassembled.
In the 1990s, my country greatly reduced tariffs, and imported machine tools with technological advantages flooded into China. With their low-end products with outstanding cost performance, domestic machine tool enterprises are in trouble. In 1990, the market share of domestic machine tools was 70%, but in 1993, it quickly dropped to 44%.
In order to meet the arduous challenges, the "Eighteen Arhats" have been transformed into the "Four Heavenly Kings" of Shenyang Machine Tool Plant, Dalian Machine Tool Plant, Qinchuan Machine Tool Plant and Kunming Machine Tool Plant through merger and reorganization. State-owned machine tools have finally gained a firm foothold in the low-end market by becoming bigger and stronger.
Entering the 21st century, the hard days of Chinese machine tools seem to be over. From 2001 to 2011, China's machine tools ushered in the golden 10 years. After the entry into the WTO, the domestic manufacturing industry developed rapidly, especially the rapid growth of the automobile industry, which led to a surge in the domestic machine tool market demand.
In 2009, the output value and output of my country's machine tool industry ranked first in the world. In 2011, Shenyang Machine Tool ranked first in the world machine tool industry with a revenue of 18 billion yuan. However, the realization of high revenue depends on the sales of a large number of low-profit and low-end machine tools. Soon, the drawbacks appeared.
Since 2012, with the global economic downturn, the demand for low-end machine tools has dropped sharply.The days of "laying to win" by producing low-end machine tools are over, and my country's machine tool industry has entered a cold winter.
After 2012, the global market demand for mid-to-high-end CNC machine tools is still relatively stable, but domestic leading enterprises such as Shenyang Machine Tool, Dalian Machine Tool and other domestic leading enterprises have a very weak position in mid-to-high-end CNC machine tools and lack core technologies. Numerical control systems and high-end components rely on imports, and self-produced mid-to-high-end machine tools have higher costs and lower profits.
This makes them unable to compete with imported mid-to-high-end products, and eventually they can only go bankrupt and reorganize. Although relying on low-end products can survive for a while, 's breakthrough in high-end technology is ultimately unavoidable.
Former Deputy Minister of Machinery Shen Liechu once pointed out: "Shenyang Machine Tool and Dalian Machine Tool are representatives of the era of ' GDP On Heroes', while well-known foreign machine tool companies are taking the path of 'specialization, refinement, speciality, and innovation'. For example, Switzerland Studer (Studer) has only more than 300 employees and a four-story factory building, but its products are highly technical and can maintain the world's number one position for 40 or 50 consecutive years."
【 The rise of machine tool companies after the 1990s]
Although the "Eighteen Arhats" have been defeated, a group of Chinese machine tool companies born in the 1990s have gradually become the backbone of China's machine tools.
One day in March 1994, Yang Kechong, Secretary of the Party Branch of the School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, said loudly: "Now the machine tools made in my country can only use the systems of Siemens of Germany and Fanuc of Japan, and they sell them. The function of our system is limited and can only be used on low-end machine tools. We want to develop and create our own high-end CNC system,To defend national interests and break the sanctions of "Batumi".
So, Huazhong University of Science and Technology established Huazhong Numerical Control Co., Ltd. Yang Kechong and the teachers present at the time later became the managers of the company. As a senior engineer, Yu Dehai from Dalian, who has reached his age, left the state-owned enterprise where he had worked for many years because of a sudden illness, and founded Dalian Guangyang Technology Co., Ltd.
At the beginning of the company's establishment, a small incident Let Yu Dehai firm the company's development direction.
Once he purchased a high-end CNC machine tool from Japan, this machine tool is not only expensive, but also impressively written in the sales agreement: "This product will automatically detect the After moving and moving the machine, it will not be able to operate without the confirmation of the company, and the company will not be responsible for any loss caused by the inoperability of the equipment. "
Yu Dehai is very clear that Japanese companies do this to keep their core technologies confidential.
"There are so many restrictions on buying things!
Angry Yu Dehai has since clarified the company's direction to develop China's own high-end CNC machine tools and systems.
There are many "post-90s" Chinese machine tool companies like Huazhong CNC and Dalian Guangyang, such as Guangzhou CNC, Beijing Jingdiao , Zhongke Iberg, Guosheng Intelligent Technology, etc.
In the golden age of Chinese machine tools from 2001 to 2011, they were not satisfied with the low-end market, but steadily promoted independent technology research and development
In the cold winter period of machine tools after 2012, they ushered in spring.
For example, Huazhong CNC, at the beginning of the company's establishment, the chip technology and CNC system were completely monopolized by Europe, America and Japan.
So the company established not to study Special machine tool chip, directly use PC chip,The route of developing CNC system based on Linux system.
From the original Huazhong Type 1 system, after nearly 20 years of iterative upgrades, by 2012, the functions of the Huazhong Type 8 high-end system were very close to Siemens 840D. However, for a long time, the manufacturing enterprises in the downstream of the domestic machine tool industry chain tend to rely more on imported products. Even if the performance is similar, domestic machine tool products have been neglected.
At this time, Huazhong 8 was lucky enough to welcome the "noble person" who let it show its power.
In April 2012, the leader of Shenyang Aircraft Industry Company (hereinafter referred to as " Shenfei") said: " We are willing to be the first person to eat crabs in ! Test the domestic high-end CNC system Base."
Shenfei handed over a high-end machine tool to Huazhong CNC for domestic system transformation. After the actual use test, Shen Fei commented: "The performance of Huazhong 8 meets the requirements of processing aviation structural parts."
"This time, has finally ended the history of no application of domestic high-end CNC systems in Chinese aviation enterprises. Xiang Hua, the commander-in-chief of the Central China CNC Major Project Command, said later with emotion.
Since then, Huazhong CNC's products have gradually opened up the domestic market.
At this time, Xiamen Zhongke Iberg Machinery Co., Ltd. also ushered in a breakthrough.
At the beginning of the company's establishment, it mainly sold foreign machine tool parts as an agent. Although the business is getting bigger and bigger, the general manager of Shao Chuanwei is not happy because foreign businessmen do not want an agent to become too powerful.
"I don't like nodding my head to compromise with foreign businessmen," Shao Chuanwei said.
The company is also responsible for after-sales maintenance of overseas brands, and has a better understanding of the technical characteristics of foreign machine tool parts. Shao Chuanwei decided that the company would develop its own machine tool components, and the breakthrough focused on the "five-axis linkage double-swing milling head", the core component of high-end machine tools.
A milling head consists of more than 100 parts. It took Shao Chuanwei 11 years since he decided to do research and development by himself in 2009, and finally realized the localization of most parts of the five-axis linkage double-pendulum milling head.
While Koiberg's R&D road is getting smoother, Shao Chuanwei has new troubles.
"The products produced must have enough orders to have customer feedback, and only with feedback can the products be continuously improved and perfected." Shao Chuanwei said.
This problem also plagues CNC system R&D companies such as Huazhong CNC and Dalian Guangyang. They also require a lot of user feedback to update iterations.
Shao Chuanwei and many Chinese machine tool companies born in the 1990s are eager for more "noble people" like Shenyang Aircraft Industry Corporation. At this time, the national policy began to help.
[Policies help Chinese machine tools]
Since 2019, my country's "Catalogue of Imported Major Technical Equipment and Products Not Allowed for Duty Free" has continuously increased the types of machine tool products and parts.
This means that the import duty-free preferential treatment for many products that could not be produced in China will be cancelled.
For example, the mid-to-high-end CNC laser processing machine tool imported with larger than four axes in the past can be exempted from tax, but from 2019, import tax will be levied.
After the implementation of this policy, the competitiveness of Chinese machine tool enterprises in the domestic market has been greatly improved, and domestic machine tool products have more opportunities to show themselves. Many downstream manufacturing companies have only found that the quality is not bad after they have used domestic products once.
The person in charge of Huanyu Machinery Co., Ltd. once said: "Through one or two years of use, we have found that Huazhong CNC system is not inferior to foreign systems in terms of machining accuracy and stability, and at the same time, it has a high cost performance and is trustworthy. ”
On April 10, 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to build a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the main body and domestic and international dual circulation mutual promotion.Policies favorable to the development of domestic machine tool enterprises followed one after another.
" The 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and Outline of Vision 2035" "Guiding Opinions on Expanding Investment in Strategic Emerging Industries, Cultivating and Strengthening New Growth Points and Growth Pole"...all Mentioned to vigorously develop my country's high-end CNC machine tool industry.
Behind these policies is the support of real money.
Relevant data shows that Huazhong CNC received 219 million yuan in government subsidies for scientific research in 2019, and 158 million yuan in 2020. In the second half of 2021 alone, Kede CNC received 55.4714 million yuan in scientific research subsidies.
The effect of policy support is immediate.
Among the hardware products produced by Huazhong CNC, the proportion of self-produced core parts is 60% in 2018, 75% in 2019, and 80% in 2020.
In terms of software, in addition to Shenyang Aircraft Industry Company, Huazhong 8 CNC system has also begun to be widely used by the machine tools of Jilin General Machinery Co., Ltd., Qinchuan Machine Tool, Dongfeng Chukai Auto Parts Co., Ltd., Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacturing Factory and other enterprises. .
Another example is Kede CNC, a subsidiary of Dalian Guangyang. From 2018 to 2020, the gross profit margin of its main business is as high as 42.29%, 44.3% and 42.15% respectively. In the past three years, Kede CNC has invested 211 million yuan in research and development. As of the end of 2020, Kede CNC has as many as 172 international and domestic authorized patents.
The company's high-end five-axis CNC machine tools have basically achieved independent research and development, the localization rate is over 90%, and the machining accuracy and failure rate are close to the international advanced level.
The products have been applied to Aerospace Science and Technology and Aerospace Science and Technology 's affiliated research institutes, as well as a number of domestic key enterprises such as Hangya Technology, Guangxi Yuchai .
In Zhongkeiberg, the five-axis linkage double-pendulum milling head developed by Shao Chuanwei for many years,It has also successively become the high-end parts purchased by large state-owned machine tool factories such as Qizhong CNC , Wuzhong , and Ningjiang. In addition to the pulling effect of the policy, the continuous transformation and upgrading of my country's manufacturing industry has also promoted the development of machine tool enterprises born in the 1990s.
Looking at my country's current high-end manufacturing industry, it is a more sophisticated and environmentally friendly new energy vehicle, a more intelligent and safe Fuxing high-speed rail, and a more mobile and flexible J20 fighter... The prosperity of high-end manufacturing is a Chinese machine tool enterprise born in the 1990s. of high-end downstream application products provide the market.
Taking the automobile industry as an example, 40% of the products in the machine tool industry are supplied to automobile manufacturing enterprises, laying the foundation for my country's new energy automobile manufacturing industry to overtake on curves.
The manufacture of motor and body of new energy vehicles has high technical requirements for machine tools, and the development of domestic new energy vehicles has brought substantial room for growth to machine tool enterprises. Driven by new energy vehicles, in 2020, domestic machine tool companies such as Haitian Seiko achieved substantial profit growth.
On July 21, 2013, when General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected Wuhan Heavy Machine Tool Group , he especially emphasized: Industrialization is very important. To be strong as a big country like ours, we must rely on the real economy, and not bubble. Self-reliance is indispensable at any time, and our own rice bowls mainly contain the food we produce.
On July 11, 2017, when Premier Li Keqiang inspected the Qinchuan Machine Tool Group, he encouraged employees of the company to further innovate, improve the level of intelligent manufacturing, and create real Chinese robots from the inside out!
Although there is still a gap between my country's high-end CNC machine tools and the products of western developed countries in terms of accuracy and stability, the gap is rapidly narrowing.
With the establishment of this batch of "post-90s" machine tool companies in their thirties,"Batumi encirclement" has long been a thing of the past. The dreams of entrepreneurs such as Yang Kechong, Yu Dehai, and Shao Chuanwei have also become reality step by step. The era of China's machine tool industry has come.
[References]
[1] "Analysis of China's Machine Tool Enterprise Strategy", "World Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Market" Ding Weiming
[2] "Innovation in Industrial Design of CNC Machine Tools" China High-tech Yangqiao_ p2p
[3] "The Future Development of my country's Machine Tools" He Minjia in the CNC Machine Tool Market
[4] "Recalling the Years of Creating Huazhong CNC" Wuhan Literature and History Data Yang Kechong
[5] "Huazhong CNC: Replacement of Machine Tools" "China Brain"" China Economic Times Wei Haoxing Yuan Shuai Zhang Youlong
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