Today in Sasha’s history. Author: Sasha This article is original by Sasha, and any media is not allowed to reprint [Sasha Lecture Hall No. 1,399] (Lecture 683 of the History Series) The Fourth Class of the Yuan Dynasty, Chu Yequan and the Mongol Empire: On December 18, 1271, Khan

Today in Sasha's history.

Author: Sasha

This article is original by Sasha, and any media is not allowed to reprint

[Sasha Lecture Hall No. 1,399] (History Series Lecture 683)

The fourth class of the Yuan Dynasty , Chu Ye Quan and Mongol Empire : On December 18, 1271, the Great Mongolian Kingdom Khan Kublai Khan issued an edict to change the country's name to "Da Yuan", and the Yuan Dynasty was established.

Here are several basic concepts.

big Yuan and other things are not the same as the Mongolian Empire.

cannot understand this way.

In fact, the Yuan Dynasty was established by Kublai Khan, and its territory was today's China, Outer Mongolia and the Far East.

. The Mongols also established 4 Khanate countries, namely: Khanate Khanate , Chagatai Khanate , Ogedei Khanate , Ir Khanate .

Yuan Dynasty and these four Khanate countries were once hostile and even went to war with each other.

Except for the Il Khanate, the other three Khanates do not support Kublai Khan at all, but support Alibuge. After

, Kublai defeated Alibuge in a war and poisoned him to death, which aroused the anger of the other three Khanates, and the two sides fought many times.

It was not until 30 years after the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty in 1303 that the four Khanates formally recognized the Yuan Dynasty as the legal heir to Genghis Khan , but the conflict between the two sides remained the same. The second year after the agreement reached, in 1204, the Chagatai Khanate invaded the Ogedei Khanate, and Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty also took the opportunity to attack.

Fierce battles until 1309, the Chagatai Khanate was destroyed and the territory was divided by the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan Dynasty respectively.

In addition to war, the four major Khanate countries did not belong to the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. They were completely self-organized, and the contact between the two sides was gradually interrupted.

The Qincha Khanate had already severely Turkicized in the middle and late period, and there were very few left of the Mongols.

The Khanate's religion was changed to Islam, and the Khanate was also highly Islamized and abandoned the Tibetan Buddhist tradition.

It can be said that the Khanate of the Khanate had long been beyond recognition in the later period, and it cannot even be said to be the Khanate of the Mongols. The Qincha Khanate was destroyed in 1480, and the Yuan Dynasty was expelled from the Central Plains as early as 1368.

The so-called Mongol Empire has nothing to do with the Yuan Dynasty.

The territory actually controlled by the Yuan Dynasty was only slightly larger than China's historical territory and did not control Xinjiang.

In addition, does Mongolia have a four-class system?

is just not written in plain text, but in fact there is.

The so-called four-class system is mainly because the Mongolians are respected, the Semu people (Western Regions) are second, the Han people are third, that is, the Han people from the north and other ethnic groups, and the southern people who resist to the end, that is, the Han people from the south are fourth.

This is the most normal thing for the Mongolians.

In fact, before the Mongols entered the Central Plains, they were still slaves.

Compared with the slavery system, in the eyes of the Mongolians, the fourth-class system is already considered good.

As the Mongolians of the ruling class and the bureaucratic Seme people, it is simply natural to have a stronger position than the ruled Han people and other nations.

In fact, the law also stipulates the special status of the Mongolians.

As we all know, the majority of Han people in the Yuan Dynasty were, while the majority of Mongolians and Semu people were very few.

Research by Taiwanese historian Xiao Qiqing pointed out that the Mongolian and Semu people in the Yuan Dynasty accounted for 70% of the total prime ministers (prime ministers), while the Han and Southerners accounted for about 30%. The gap between the two continued to widen.

Job allocation is also related to ethnic groups. The higher the position, the fewer the number of people in Han and Nan. The Prime Minister and Ping Zhang were monopolized by the Mongolian and Semu people. The Han people were mainly in power, while the Southern people almost never served in power.

Among the 473 priests in the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian and Seminyama accounted for 70.2%, while Han and Southerners accounted for 29.8%.The proportion of Mongolian and semen has gradually increased, from 52.9% in the early stage to 71.6% and 75.9% in the middle and late stages, while the Han and Southerners have decreased from 47.1% in the early stage to 28.4% and 24.1% in the middle and late stages.

In terms of position, the higher the position, the more Mongolian and Semen, the fewer Han and southerners. "The Southerners have always been severely excluded. Among the Mongolian and Seme tribes, the Mongolians shared the regime with the Seme tribes. The Yuan court needed to rely on the ruling ability of the Seme tribes, and the number of people appointed by the Seme tribes exceeded that of the Mongolians.

However, the Prime Minister's appointment was always dominated by the Mongolians, while Pingzhang was dominated by the Seme tribes. After the mid-term period, there was a slight change. In short, from the appointment of the Seme tribes, the Yuan court's distinction between the conquering ethnic groups has never decreased."

Obviously, the Southerners have almost no political rights, and the highest power is in the hands of the Mongolians, and Seme tribes are their spokesperson.

There are also big differences in specific laws.

yuan law stipulates that murder will pay for life and pay 50 taels of silver for the deceased's family.

However, the Mongols did not need to pay their lives to kill the Han people. They were only punished to join the army and fined some grain and silver.

Han and southerners had to tattoo their arms or necks after committing crimes, as a permanent insult, while Mongolians and Semu people did not need it.

If the Mongolians beat Han people, the Han people cannot fight back and can only report to the officials. If they fight back, they will be held accountable.

Is the right to first night fake?

In fact, there is no such thing as the first night right in this world except for the primitive tribes.

Even in a special period in Europe, the right to first night is just a legend and should be understood as the sexual privilege of the lord.

That is, the girl in the lord's territory will first decide whether to marry her as a wife. Only when the lord gives up this right can the girl get married freely. Of course, the lord is not like a one-night stand, he leaves after sleep, and most of them still have to marry him home.

This is similar to the imperial concubine selection system in China.

In fact, the right to the first night is more of an economic exploitation. A girl must be allowed to marry by the lord of the place where she lives, which usually requires a tax payment as compensation to the lord.

The same is true. During the Mongolians attacked China, burning, killing, and rape were common. After peaceful rule, such things were reduced. After all, you cannot kill all the sheep you raised.

The so-called Mongolians’ first night rights are also the Mongolians’ sexual privileges.

The Mongols didn't have much concept of first night. They were still in a barbaric state at that time. Genghis Khan's eldest son was even a bastard of the enemy, and he didn't care. The Mongolians valued sexual privileges, that is, in the past tribes, the leading leaders first chose the women of the tribe and became their own wives.

Naturally, if the tribe is very large, the leader cannot choose too many women as his wife, and at least maintain this power in name. In other words, no other men can compete with the leader for women unless the leader gives up.

is limited in space and the topic is sensitive, so I won’t say much.

Generally speaking, this is the privilege of the Han girls in their jurisdiction. They must be selected and agreed by the Mongolians before they can be allowed to marry others.

. The Mongolians are popular with polygamy, and dozens of wives are also ordinary, no matter what ethnic group they are.

If you are really beautiful Han girls, most of them cannot escape the privileges of the Mongolians.

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