The pace of winter is approaching, and the seasonal flu and other respiratory infectious diseases are coming again. People's Health reminds you that timely vaccination of influenza is an effective measure to prevent influenza and can significantly reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications for vaccinated people.
Beijing Fengtai District Fangzhuang Community Health Service Center, a resident is receiving influenza vaccine. (Photo provided by Fangzhuang Community Health Service Center, Fengtai District, Beijing)
Nie Huiyao, the head of the health care section of Fangzhuang Community Health Service Center, Fengtai District, Beijing, recently told reporters: "From October 8th to the present, 3,020 people have been vaccinated for free, and 305 people are charged. Compared with previous years, residents' initiative to get influenza vaccination has increased. While getting influenza, they can also get pneumonia vaccination at the same time, and the amount of vaccination has increased significantly compared with previous years."
The official website of the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention introduced that influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus . It is highly contagious and mainly transmitted through air droplets are generally susceptible to people. WHO released the "Global Influenza Strategy for 2019-2030" this year, pointing out that "eliminating influenza vaccination every year" is the most effective way to prevent influenza.
Antibodies will appear one week after receiving the influenza vaccine. After two weeks, the immune antibodies can reach the highest level and generally can be protected for one year. September to November each year is the best time to get a flu vaccine.
Beijing: Influenza vaccination "One old and one young" free
Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention's official website introduced that since 2007, Beijing has implemented free influenza vaccination for people over 60 years old and primary and secondary school students in this city. Since the use of influenza vaccine, observation data have proved that influenza vaccine can play a good role in controlling influenza epidemics. Especially the higher the vaccination rate of the student population, the lower the risk of clustered outbreaks. In the case where the influenza vaccine strain matches the epidemic strain, the risk of influenza virus infection can be reduced by about 50%. This shows that influenza vaccine can establish a solid barrier to resist influenza and protect the physical health of primary and secondary school students.
This year, in order to facilitate vaccination among the general public, 432 free influenza vaccination sites and 433 self-paid influenza vaccination sites have been established in the city. Various preparations for vaccine delivery and vaccination have been launched from September 10. Free vaccination is implemented for primary and secondary school students in school from September 16. Free vaccination is carried out for Beijing people over 60 years old after the National Day holiday, and self-paid influenza vaccination services are provided to citizens. Citizens can choose a qualified vaccination clinic nearby for vaccination.
According to reports, the influenza vaccine used in Beijing this year was uniformly tendered by the Beijing Municipal Health Commission in accordance with relevant national and our city's management regulations, including two types of vaccines: trivalent and tetravalent vaccines. The components of the influenza vaccine are recommended by the World Health Organization. The trivalent influenza vaccine can prevent three types of influenza A, H1N1, H3N2 and BV. In addition to preventing the above three types, the quadrivalent influenza vaccine can also prevent BY influenza.
During the interview, the reporter learned that when residents understand the relevant situation of influenza vaccines, they no longer worry about questions such as "whether to get the vaccine" and "whether it is useful", but mainly questions include, "What is the difference between trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines", "What are the side effects of influenza and pneumonia at the same time", "Precautions after vaccination", etc.
Vaccination of five high-risk groups is not negotiated
Influenza virus is prone to mutate quickly and spreads rapidly. It can cause seasonal epidemics every year. Outbreaks can occur in places where people gather in schools, childcare institutions and nursing homes. Chief physician of the Department of Infection 2 of Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Jiang Rongmeng reminds everyone that the five types of people should be vaccinated the most.
patients with chronic disease. Compared with healthy adults of the same age, patients with chronic underlying diseases are more likely to experience severe illness or death after being infected with the flu virus, and their influenza-related hospitalization rates and mortality rates exceeding expectations are higher.
The elderly. Globally, influenza is one of the main causes of hospitalization and deaths among people aged 65 and older.For the elderly and weak, influenza is a very threatening infectious disease, which can cause complications in patients, which will worsen the condition of patients with pulmonary heart disease and coronary heart disease, and may even lead to death. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of influenza.
pregnant women. The health hazards of influenza to pregnant women are serious. After pregnancy, due to the body's immune and physiological changes, pregnant women are prone to complications of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system and other organs after being infected with the influenza virus. Compared with healthy women of childbearing age, pregnant women have a higher risk of serious illness to 3.3 times, and the risk of serious illness in the middle and late pregnancy is further increased.
children. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), 20% to 30% of children worldwide suffer from seasonal influenza each year. In some high-end seasons, the annual infection rate of children with influenza can be as high as 50%, of which the infection rate among children aged 5 to 9 is the highest, and severe cases and deaths often occur in children under the age of 2 years old. Influenza infection in children can lead to death. Children with underlying diseases have a significantly higher risk of death than healthy children, but nearly half of the deaths occur in healthy children.
medical staff. Medical staff have more chances of contacting influenza patients during daily diagnosis and treatment activities, and the risk of influenza virus infection is higher than that of the general population. In addition, influenza virus infection among medical staff can increase the risk of infectious infection in hospitals and increase the risk of infection among other medical staff, patients and their families. Why should the influenza vaccine be administered every year?
Yu Hongjie, professor and doctoral supervisor of the School of Public Health, Fudan University, explained that influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Its characteristic is that it spreads rapidly and will cause a seasonal epidemic every winter and spring. "We will not get some infectious diseases once and can be immune to life, but influenza will not. The antigenicity of the influenza virus itself is easy to change. It has a special mutation mechanism, which causes the virus to circulate in the population every year. It clinically causes acute respiratory infection . Although most of them are mild and self-limiting virus infection, it will have more serious clinical outcomes and even deaths for two groups of people, including those with previous chronic underlying diseases and those with comorbidities after infecting the influenza virus. "
influenza virus is very easy to mutate. Every year, the WHO will comprehensively judge the strains of the next epidemic season based on the epidemic situation, epidemic situation, drug resistance and other data of the previous year. In addition, after the human body is vaccinated with influenza vaccine, the antibody level will gradually drop. Therefore, preventing seasonal influenza requires vaccination every year. Unlike some vaccines, you only need to complete basic immunity and strengthen immunity, and you do not need to be vaccinated every year.
influenza vaccine can be taken or not?
Many people think that getting influenza vaccination is not very effective. You may get influenza after getting vaccinated and cannot be 100% protected, so you can get it or not.
In response to this, Yu Hongjie said that ordinary people confuse common cold with influenza. Some people may catch a cold several times a season, but it may not be caused by influenza viruses. It may be caused by other pathogens. However, because of similar clinical symptoms, many people confuse influenza and colds caused by other pathogens.
"Influenza vaccine can only prevent diseases caused by influenza viruses, and it is impossible to prevent respiratory infections caused by other pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, coronavirus, bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc.," said Yu Hongjie.
Sun Zikai, chief physician of the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, explained that influenza is different from the common cold. It is mainly due to fever and chills at the beginning. It usually has a fever to 39~40℃, and is accompanied by symptoms such as cough , joint pain, and sore throat. The reason why influenza is that as the disease develops, it will cause serious complications such as pneumonia, viral myocarditis and nervous system infection in a short period of time. In addition, the influenza virus is extremely contagious and mutates almost every year.
Therefore, Yu Hongjie emphasized that because the epidemic season of influenza generally lasts from November of each year to February and March of the following year, it is generally recommended that the earlier the epidemic season arrives, the better.
In addition to getting vaccinated, you should also pay attention to these habits to prevent influenza
How to prevent influenza during the flu season? In addition to getting vaccinated in time. In daily life, you should also cooperate with these measures:
always have hand sanitizer and wash your hands more. Hand sanitizer has antibacterial effects, but the method of use must be correct. Experts remind that after applying hand sanitizer and rubbing for 10-15 seconds, both hands are still moist, which means that the amount of hand sanitizer used is sufficient and then rinse it away. You can also choose sterilization tissues with an alcohol concentration of at least 60%.
Go to places with high crowds of people less and strengthen protection. During the flu epidemic, try to minimize or not participate in large gatherings and group activities, and try to go to public places as little as possible. If there are already flu patients at home, protective measures should be taken and masks should be worn when in close contact with the patient. Keep the environment clean and ventilated.
Pay attention to keeping warm and add clothes in time. Properly enduring some cold in winter can promote blood circulation, enhance your resistance and cold resistance, but do not blindly pursue the feeling of freezing. It is best to add or remove clothes in time according to the feeling of body, especially the head, feet, abdomen and neck.
Reasonable diet and strengthen nutrition. A balanced diet, eating more fresh vegetables and fruits, and drinking more water will help strengthen physical fitness and improve immunity. The diet should be light, not spicy and hot foods. If you have a mild cough, you can eat some foods that moisten the dryness and clear the lungs, such as Tremella, pear, lilies, etc.
insist on exercising appropriate outdoor activities. Doing more outdoor activities can enhance the body's resistance. You can perform some exercises with a relatively suitable amount of activities every day, such as walking, cycling, jogging, and practicing Tai Chi.
Avoid overworking. Excessive fatigue and lack of sleep, exceeding the normal load of the body, will also consume yang energy and reduce the body's immunity. Therefore, it is recommended to go to bed early and get up late in winter to ensure adequate sleep and reduce the number of times you stay up late.
Proper room ventilation. Offices, schools and other places with densely packed populations should be ventilated regularly, at least twice a day. Doors and windows should not be closed tightly because of the cold weather to avoid indoor air pollution and bacterial growth. Try to avoid going to places where crowds gather and poor ventilation to reduce the risk of infection.
maintains good respiratory hygiene habits. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with your upper arm or tissue, towel, etc., wash your hands after coughing or sneezing, and try to avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. If you have symptoms of respiratory infection, you should rest at home and seek medical treatment as soon as possible.
Whenever the flu season comes, some "small folk remedies" of household sterilization will be circulated online and on social media, such as smoked houses with vinegar. Sun Zikai pointed out that in fact, acetic acid can only be disinfected and sterilized when it reaches a certain concentration. Using vinegar to smoke the house to prevent influenza not only does not achieve the effect of sterilization, but will also irritate the human respiratory mucosa and cause throat discomfort.
Some families often have isatis root powder. When they heard that the flu was coming, the whole family rushed into two packs. In this regard, Sun Zikai reminds everyone that isatis root is not a "panacea" and is only one of the many prescriptions for treating influenza. It is mainly used to treat wind-heat diseases in the flu. It is especially suitable for fever, sore throat, red tongue, and thirst. It has no effect on influenza belonging to wind-heat (chill aversion, headache, body pain, nasal congestion, clear nasal runny nose, etc.). (People's Health Comprehensive Health News, Beijing Daily, Beijing Youth Daily, China Traditional Chinese Medicine News, Guangzhou Daily)
This article is from the China Youth Daily client. Read more exciting information, please download the China Youth Daily client (http://app.cyol.com)
