"The Book of Songs" is the first collection of poems in my country. It is divided into three parts: "Wind", "Ya" and "Song", which reflects the social outlook of about five hundred years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period.
Book of Songs
The most beautiful one is the "Book of Songs"
The "Wind", also known as " National Style ", collected fifteen folk songs with strong local colors in Zhou Dynasty , called "Fifteen National Style". " Qin Feng " is one of them, recording the singing of the people of Qin .
However, "Qin Feng" is different from other "Four Fourteen Kingdoms Styles". Among the ten poems included, except for "Jian Jia" which is a love poem, the other nine poems carry a strong male passion, or the wife's infinite longing and pride for her husband in the army, which shows the solemn and heavy, martial and combative social atmosphere of the people in the Qin area.
Among them, using horses as the entry point occupies as the number of three songs.
For example: "Che Neighbor", "Si Tie", and " Xiaorong " are all inseparable from the figure of horses. It can be seen that Qin people have a very close relationship with horses.
For this reason, Wang Lang thought: Qin State is a vassal state built on the back of a horse!
So, what kind of connection is there between Qin and Ma? In the nearly 700 years of development history of Qin State, the establishment of a country is due to horses!
ma
1. The Qin State was able to establish a country because of its first monarch Ying Feizi 's horse-raising talent.
Ying Feizi was able to obtain the title of "Qin", which is full of opportunities of the times.
As the concubine son of the Zhao family Ying Daluo, the eldest son of the Zhou Dynasty, according to the Zhou Dynasty's eldest son inheritance system, Ying Feizi is not qualified to inherit the position of the head of the Zhao family Ying surname of the Quanqiu family, but he has a perfect skill, which is to raise horses.
All horses he raised are fat and full of body, strong and strong, and are very suitable for fighting on the battlefield.
This is a very popular survival skill in the Zhou Dynasty.
Because at this time, the emperor of Zhou was not someone else, but violated the system of inheritance of the eldest son. When his nephew Zhou Yi King Ji Jian died, he forced himself to seize the throne from the hands of the legal heir of the empire, the prince Ji Xie .
Spring and Autumn princes
He hated his nephew Zhou Yi, King Ji Jian, who was at a loss when facing Quanrong and other barbarians. When the capital Haojing was threatened by the sharp claws of the barbarians many times, he did not actively rectify the arms, but avoided them by moving the capital.
" (King Yi) in the seventh year, Xirong invaded Hao; in the thirteenth year, the Zhai people invaded Qi; in the fifteenth year, the king moved from Zhou to Huaili." ---" Bamboo Book Anniversary "
This damages the majesty of the Great Zhou Dynasty!
Therefore, Ji Pifang, who was on the throne, had the first thing he did was to defeat the Quanrong.
" (King Xiao) in the first month of the spring of Xinmao in the first year of the first year of Xinmao, the king ascended the throne and ordered the Marquis of Shen to attack the Western Rong." --- "Bamboo Annals"
To raise troops to attack, a powerful army must be established, and a large number of war horses are required to establish an army. At this time, the appearance of Ying Feizi solved Ji Pifang's problem.
"Feizi lives in Quanqiu, and is good at horses and animals, and is good at raising and resting. The people of Quanqiu say that Zhou Xiaowang . King Xiao summoned the master's horse between the Wei and Wei, and the horses were very prosperous." --- "Records of the Grand Historian. Qin Dynasty "
Zhou Emperor moved the capital
Superb horse raising and down-to-earth work attitude made Ying Feizi highly recognized by Ji Pifang.
Therefore, Ying Feizi, who did not have the right to inherit the patriarch, made the Zhou emperor Ji Pifang, who seized power, feel a sense of mutual appreciation, which triggered the Marquis of Shen State to strongly interfere with the patriarch of the Ying clan of the Zhao clan of the Quanqiu family ( Marquis of Shen is the grandfather of Ying Feizi's brother Ying Cheng, and Ying Cheng is the eldest son of Ying Daluo).
Talent is an important guarantee for national progress, and Ji Pifang deeply understands this.
In order to encourage Ying Feizi to raise horses for the royal family more carefully, when he was unable to change the position of Ying Feizi as the leader of the Ying surname of the Zhao family of Quanqiu, he waved his pen and asked Ying Feizi to establish another sect in Qin (now Gansu Tianshui ) and gave Ying Feizi the title of "Qin".
Qindu Bashi
" King Xiao wanted to be the heir of Daluo Shi. The daughter of Shen Hou was Daluo's wife and gave birth to a son to become Shi... King Xiao said: "In the past, Boyi was the master of Shun's livestock, and the livestock was full of rest, so he had soil and was given the surname Ying. Now in the future, I will also stop my horse and I will divide my land into vassals. "The Qin Dynasty in the city was sent to continue the sacrifice of Ying family, and the name was Qin Ying ." --- "Records of the Grand Historian. The Annals of Qin"
Of course, at this time, "Qin" could not be regarded as a vassal state, but was just a vassal of the Zhou royal family covering an area of 50 miles. But no matter what, Ying Feizi jumped from a concubine's son to the ancestor of the Zhao family's Ying surname in Qin, completing the path of opening up the new tribe of the Zhao family's Ying surname.
This change in identity means that Ying Feizi and his descendants and the Ying clan of Quanqiu have been separated from the relationship between the primitive throne and the high and the birds have been flying.
ying Feizi
2. Qin State, from the vassal of King Zhou, to the Xichuan doctor, and then to the princes, it is actually a road to tempering on the horse's back of blood and fire.
After Ying Feizi started his sect, the Qin Ying clan, in addition to continuing to raise horses for the Zhou Dynasty in his fief Qinyi , became the first front for Ji Zhou to fight against the invasion of the Quanrong.
In the long-term battle with the Quanrong, the Qin Ying clan witnessed the destruction of the Ying surname of the Zhao family in the Quanqiu, sent away Qin Zhong, the monarch who was killed by the Western Rong in the war, and protected the Zhou emperor to move east to Luoyi. They were tempered on the horse and reborn in the war. Each step meant the gradual growth of the Qin State.
As the most solid military barrier in the western part of Ji Zhou, Qin State was promoted from a royal vassal to Xique and then to a prince. The Qin Ying clan and the people under his rule all developed a martial and fierce folk custom, and eventually grew into a powerful existence that scared the princes of the East.
Qin Army
How powerful is the Qin State tempered in the war?
Historical records:
"The Qin Dynasty has more than one million armors, thousands of chariots, and thousands of riders. The tiger is a man with a stern and a man who is swaying and stern, and the king is invincible. The goodness of Qin horses, the soldiers of the army, and the three searches between the hooves cannot be called a number."--"The Strategies of Warring States. Han Ce Yi"
And all of this cannot be separated from horses and a powerful chariot army.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty and Spring and Autumn Period, measuring whether a prince is powerful is not based on how much land and population the prince possesses, nor on the material output and economic strength in the area governed by the prince, but on the number of chariots.
This is the term "the country of thousands of chariots" and "the country of ten thousand chariots" that are often mentioned in the literature of the pre-Qin period.
Qin Army tank
One ride is a car.
Standard ratio for each ride: one soldier drawn by four horses, 3 soldiers on the car, 72 infantrymen under the car, 25 logistics personnel, a total of 100 people.
In the Warring States Period, due to the improvement of social productivity and the transformation of the ideological and moral system of war, the tricks and deceitful military methods became popular, and the chariots were no longer used as the criterion for the princes of various countries to measure their own strength.
But even so, Qin still maintained a thousand-horse chariot troops.
Horse is an important tool and weapon for the Qin people to stand in the western front and gradually grow into a prince. It also adds a strong mark to the Qin's aura of overwhelming the world.
chariot array
3. Wang Lang said:
Because horses become a country, horses form an army. Qin State has never been able to break free from the relationship with horses. In fact, horses have penetrated into all aspects of the Qin people.
For example: "Xiao Rong" in "National Style. Qin Feng". Although the theme of the poem is the deep longing for the Qin woman to her husband on the war, it can also be seen from the side that the Qin people exuded the pride of the Qin army's military appearance and military strength through their descriptions of war horses and chariots, and also conveyed the Qin army's spirit of martial arts and unyieldingness to the world.
"Four peony holes, six reins in hand.Qiliu is the middle, and Shiliu is the girdle. The combination of dragon and shield is aimed at the sway. "①
Poetry is not only a reflection of the poet's heart, but also a realistic poet's society.
"Qin Feng" is a chant by the people of Qin, expressing the pursuit of the martial spirit deep in the hearts of the people of Qin, and the tragic atmosphere of fearlessness to foreign enemies!
And I, through "Qin Feng", also saw a Qin who dared to draw his sword and had flesh and blood!
Note:
① "National Style. Qin Feng. Xiaorong" excerpt
[I am Wang Lang from Jiangdong, bringing you a different historical vision! Stay original, please follow me if you like me!]
"Qin Feng. Wuyi" stamp
