At 6 a.m. on November 12, 1969, Liu Shaoqi, former Vice Chairman of the CPC Central Committee, President of the People's Republic of China, and Chairman of the National Defense Commission, died of illness at the age of 71. Because it was a special period of ten years, after Liu S

At 6 a.m. on November 12, 1969, Liu Shaoqi, former Vice Chairman of the CPC Central Committee, President of the People's Republic of China, and Chairman of the National Defense Commission, died of illness at the age of 71.

Because it was a special period of ten years, after Liu Shaoqi passed away, he was rushed to the Kaifeng cremation site as an "unemployed civilian" and no funeral was held.

Until 11 years later, in 1980, the Party Central Committee held a funeral for Comrade Liu Shaoqi that was 11 years late. Deng Xiaoping and other national leaders attended the funeral in person and delivered a eulogy and highly praised Liu Shaoqi's life.

Liu Shaoqi

Glorious Life

On October 24, 1898, Liu Shaoqi was born in Tanzichong, Ningxiang County, Hunan Province. His parents named him "Liu Weihuang" according to the family genealogy.

In May 1915, after Yuan Shikai's government announced that it would accept the "Twenty-One" of treason, Liu Shaoqi quickly participated in the school's strike and vowed to fight Yuan Shikai, a treason, to the end. In order to express his idea of ​​defending the hometown of Yan and Huang without hesitation, he changed his name to "Liu Weihuang".

After the news of the victory of the Russian October Revolution in 1920 was sent back to China, Liu Shaoqi felt that he had seen a way to save the nation, so he resolutely went to Moscow Oriental University to study after 1921.

After the founding of the Communist Party of China on July 3, 1921, although Liu Shaoqi was far away in the Soviet Union, he still found a way to join the Communist Party of China as soon as possible.

Shortly after Liu Shaoqi returned to China in 1922, he was sent by Mao Zedong to Jiangxi to lead the strike movement of miners on Anyuan Road.

As the full representative of the miners of Anyuan Road, Liu Shaoqi, who is the fulfilment representative of the miners of Anyuan Road, was negotiating with the mine authorities. The other party threatened him: "Believe it or not, if you workers continue to strike and chaos, I will report to the municipal government immediately and ask them to arrest you, the representative, and shoot you!"

Liu Shaoqi was not afraid of this and replied righteously: "Even if you cut me into meat paste, you cannot make the workers resume work. If you want the workers to resume work, the only way is to agree to the work Reasonable demands of people! ”

"Liu Shaoqi and Anyuan Miner"

Liu Shaoqi's move to death successfully forced the road and mining authorities to choose to compromise. The road and mining strike was completely victorious. There was no loss of personnel in the entire strike operation, which was also a rare thing in the history of the Chinese workers' movement. Therefore, soon after, Liu Shaoqi was successfully elected as the chairman of the Executive Committee of the Hanyeping Federation of Trade Unions.

In 1929, Liu Shaoqi was transferred to the position of Secretary of the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee, responsible for the management of the four eastern provinces.

At that time, white terror was prevalent in China, and the party organizations in the four eastern provinces were severely damaged. After Liu Shaoqi arrived in Fengtian, he quickly sent trusted cadres to Harbin and other cities to reorganize forces, fight against the enemy, and personally led the workers of the Central and Eastern Railway General Factory to fight for the resumption of work.

A year later, Liu Shaoqi, who successfully opened up the situation in Manchuria, was appointed as the head of the Chinese Trade Union delegation, went to Moscow to attend the 5th Congress of Chigong International, and delivered an important speech.

Liu Shaoqi had cordial exchanges with representatives from various countries in Moscow and had a deeper understanding of the revolutionary cause. After returning to China, he began to serve as the Minister of Workers of the Central Committee. As a result, he was dismissed from the then Central Leadership because of differences with the Provisional Central Committee at that time. Later, Liu Shaoqi was transferred from Shanghai in 1932 and went to the Central Soviet Area to serve as the chairman of the Central Executive Bureau of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions Soviet Area.

Young Liu Shaoqi

In 1935, the Japanese government planned the so-called "Five North China Provinces Autonomy". The Kuomintang authorities, who regarded the Japanese as tigers, sent He Yingqin and Mijiro Umezu, the commander of the Tianjin Army of Japan, to sign the "He Mei Agreement". The Kuomintang authorities agreed to disband all political organizations in North China and prohibited anti-Japanese activities in the five North China provinces, paving the way for the Japanese invaders to achieve the evil intention of "complete annexation of North China."

On December 9, 1935, thousands of students in Peking held a massive anti-Japanese and national salvation demonstration, protesting the Kuomintang’s treason.

The outbreak of the "October 29" movement made the Party Central Committee understand that there was a strong patriotic force in the North China region, and believed that it was necessary to strengthen the party's influence in the North China region. Therefore, it decided to send Liu Shaoqi to North China as the representative of the Central Bureau in the North China to provide guidance to the comrades of the North China Bureau and lead the local anti-Japanese forces together.

129 Movement

Liu Shaoqi was appointed as the leader of the Northern Bureau, which was an important turning point in his life. During his tenure as the Central Committee’s representative in the Northern Bureau, the comrades who led the Northern Bureau carried out anti-Japanese guerrilla work in North China and consolidated our party’s anti-Japanese base in North China.

Because Liu Shaoqi's work in the Northern Bureau was excellent, at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee held in 1938, the Party Central Committee officially decided to establish the Central Plains Bureau with Liu Shaoqi as its secretary (after , it was changed to Central China Bureau ), allowing him to open up a new anti-Japanese base in the central China region.

Liu Shaoqi did not disappoint the expectations of the Party Central Committee. He changed the situation in central China soon and successfully established a new anti-Japanese base, which fundamentally changed the situation behind enemy lines in central China.

After the southern Anhui Incident in 1941, the New Fourth Army suffered a tragic blow. After Liu Shaoqi learned about this, he quickly sent a power to the central government, requesting to rebuild the New Fourth Army in northern Jiangsu and consolidate and develop the anti-Japanese base in central China.

Central Committee called back to agree with his opinion, and the rebuilt New Fourth Army showed a new positive atmosphere under the leadership of cadres such as Chen Yi, Zhang Yunyi, and Liu Shaoqi.

After Mao Zedong launched the rectification campaign in 1942, he decided to transfer Liu Shaoqi back to Yan'an to assist him, and Liu Shaoqi officially entered the core of our party.

After the reorganization of the central leadership in 1943, Liu Shaoqi officially entered the work of the Central Secretariat and served as an important leader of the Party and the country for a long time.

Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi

After the founding of New China, because Liu Shaoqi had different views on the decisions of the Party Central Committee, he was impacted in 1966. In October 1968, Liu Shaoqi was revoked from all positions inside and outside the Party and was expelled from the Party forever.

A year later, Lin Biao issued the "Order No. 1" behind Chairman Mao's back, and the People's Liberation Army troops entered a state of preparation for war.

Liu Shaoqi was seriously ill at that time. As a result, Jiang Qing and others carried him on the plane on October 17, 1969 on October 17, 1969, and carried him on a stretcher to escort him all the way to No. 10 Beitu Street, Kaifeng City, Henan Province for imprisonment, and issued a strict order to the local garrison: "Liu Shaoqi is not allowed to contact anyone!"

Liu Shaoqi, who was already seriously ill, became weaker after this tossing. At 6:45 am on November 12, 1969, Liu Shaoqi, former Vice Chairman of the CPC Central Committee, President of the People's Republic of China, and Chairman of the National Defense Commission, died of illness at the age of 71.

Liu Shaoqi's remains

The era was quite special, so after hearing the news of Liu Shaoqi's death, members of the Liu Shaoqi task force rushed to Kaifeng from Beijing and asked the local garrison to keep the news of Liu Shaoqi's death confidential.

Therefore, the name column on Liu Shaoqi's cremation notice is filled in "Liu Weihuang" and the occupation column is filled in "Unemployed Civilians". After

, Liu Shaoqi's body was cremated under the personal supervision of the task force staff. The remaining ashes were put in an urn made of trim boards and then stored in the Kaifeng cremation site, numbered "123".

Funeral

1976 After Jiang Qing and others were defeated, the Henan Provincial Party Committee quickly sent someone to notify Kaifeng cremation site and asked them to properly resettle Liu Shaoqi's ashes.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1978, the Party Central Committee began to rehabilitate a number of unjust, false and wrong cases arising from the ten-year turmoil.

In February 1979, after the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Central Organization Department conducted a review of the Liu Shaoqi case, it was determined that the Liu Shaoqi case was the biggest unjust case of our party.

A year later, at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, our party formally decided to rehabilitate Comrade Liu Shaoqi, and decided to restore his reputation and establish a funeral committee. The Party Central Committee attached great importance to Liu Shaoqi's funeral ceremony. After research, the Party Central Committee decided to establish a law enforcement office with the Central Organization Department and specially arranged three major activities for him.

Deng Xiaoping

On May 13, 1980, Liu Lantao, member of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, accompanied Liu Shaoqi's wife Wang Guangmei and Liu Shaoqi's children to the cremation site in Kaifeng, Henan to welcome Comrade Liu Shaoqi's ashes.

At the morning of the second day, more than 1,500 representatives from all walks of life from Henan Province went to the Provincial People's Hall to attend the ceremony of welcoming and sending off the ashes.

At the ceremony, Henan Provincial Party Secretary Liu Jie took the lead in delivering a speech. He first recalled the glorious deeds of Liu Shaoqi leading the Central Plains Bureau in carrying out the revolution in Henan, then condemned Liu Shaoqi's criticism in a special era, and finally expressed condolences for Liu Shaoqi's death.

After the speech was completed, Liu Jie solemnly handed Liu Shaoqi's urn to Liu Shaoqi's widow Wang Guangmei.

After the ceremony of welcoming and sending off the ashes, tens of thousands of Zhengzhou people spontaneously gathered on the road from the People's Hall to Zhengzhou Airport, and extended their sincere condolences to Liu Shaoqi's ashes who were about to leave Henan.

At 11 a.m. on May 14, Liu Shaoqi's ashes arrived at the Xijiao Airport in Beijing. Wang Guangmei, accompanied by the leadership of the Party Central Committee, delivered the ashes to the Great Hall of the People. The first major event, "Welcome the Ashes", ended here.

Liu Shaoqi’s wife Wang Guangmei

On May 15, 1980, the funeral committee formally issued an announcement. In order to express their condolences to the late President of the People, Comrade Liu Shaoqi, the funeral committee decided to hold a memorial service in the Great Hall of 10, two days later, that is, on May 17, 1980.

At that time, departments, government agencies, enterprises, institutions and schools at all levels will lower the flag to show their condolences to Comrade Liu Shaoqi.

On May 17, Liu Shaoqi's memorial service was officially held. In the center of the auditorium of 10,000 people, a photo of Liu Shaoqi several meters high was hung. On both sides of the photo were rows of pine and cypress, which meant that Comrade Liu Shaoqi would be as green as pine and cypress forever and immortal.

Below the huge photo of Liu Shaoqi, there is an urn covered with the party flag for people to admire.

Liu Shaoqi memorial service

On the Tiananmen Square on May 17, tens of thousands of people from all walks of life in the capital spontaneously wore white flowers and black veils, solemnly mourning Liu Shaoqi, the former national leader.

At 4 pm, Chairman of the CPC Central Committee, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and Premier of the State Council Comrade Hua Guofeng solemnly announced: "Comrade Liu Shaoqi's memorial service officially began."

As soon as Hua Guofeng finished speaking, the sound of sorrow and music sounded. All the cadres participating in the memorial service in the auditorium of 10,000 people stood up and observed a silence for Liu Shaoqi for three minutes.

After the silence was over, the band played the national anthem. Comrade Deng Xiaoping, the close comrade in Liu Shaoqi, Vice Chairman of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, walked to the microphone to send an eulogy to Comrade Liu Shaoqi.

Deng Xiaoping said: "Today we are in a very painful mood and mourn the great Marxist Comrade Liu Shaoqi. During the ten-year turmoil, Lin Biao and Jiang Qing and his gang used some of our party's shortcomings to brutally persecute the outstanding leader of the Party and the state. Comrade Liu Shaoqi's death on November 12, 1969 is a major loss to our party and our people. On the 11th of the Party During the Fifth Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee, after careful investigation and based on conclusive evidence, the Party Central Committee completely overturned the various crimes imposed on Comrade Liu Shaoqi and rehabilitated Comrade Liu Shaoqi. History is fair and no one's achievements will be forgotten. Comrade Liu Shaoqi will live forever in the hearts of the people of all ethnic groups in our country, just like Comrade Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De. "

This is also the high evaluation made by Comrade Deng Xiaoping of Liu Shaoqi.

Deng Xiaoping delivered the eulogy

After Deng Xiaoping delivered the eulogy, all the comrades who attended the memorial meeting bowed three times to Comrade Liu Shaoqi's urn.After

, the band played the international song. Deng Xiaoping, Soong Ching Ling and other party and state leaders walked to the children of Liu Shaoqi's widow Wang Guangmei and Liu Shaoqi to express their sincere condolences and condolences.

Deng Xiaoping held Wang Guangmei's hand tightly with tears in his face and said, "Don't cry, this is a happy event, it's a victory."

Special burial ceremony

When the Party Central Committee decided to hold a funeral for Liu Shaoqi in February 1980, Wang Guangmei once said this to the comrades in the Organization Department: "Shaoqi had a special sentence in April 1956 when he decided to hold a funeral for Liu Shaoqi. I told me that after his death, his body would be cremated and no ashes would be retained. He would scatter his ashes in the sea like the great Comrade Engels. Therefore, I would like to ask the organization to carefully consider the feasibility of Shaoqi's wishes." After careful consideration, the Party Central Committee decided to respect Liu Shaoqi's last wishes, and scattering Comrade Liu Shaoqi's ashes into the sea is the third and last activity of Comrade Liu Shaoqi's funeral.

In order to fulfill Comrade Liu Shaoqi's last wish, the central government decided to send 4 staff members to Qingdao, Shandong to play the front station for the scattering of Liu Shaoqi's ashes in the sea.

Before the four staff members officially left Tianjin, the head of Liu Shaoqi's funeral office had a special conversation with them and explained: "When Premier Zhou and several other state cadres were scattering ashes, the executors were a small number of staff members and their families and children, assisted by local authorities. The purpose was to scatter quietly and not to alarm the local people. Now the central government has approved the public performance of the ashes for this ashes, but it is best not to make too much trouble."

Deng Yingchao, who held Premier Zhou's ashes in his hand, and when the four staff members arrived in Qingdao by car, it was already the morning of May 16.

After resting for a morning, the four staff members successfully met representatives of the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government and Navy.

After a brief exchange, the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee and Government and Navy representatives proposed a specific plan for them to throw away Liu Shaoqi's ashes: the

special plane arrived at Qingdao Airport at exactly 10 o'clock, and after the welcoming ceremony, it took Comrade Liu Shaoqi's urn to the Navy Pier, which took about 30 minutes. On the way to the dock, we organized 200,000 people to welcome the arrival of Comrade Liu Shaoqi ( Ashes ). At that time, all government agencies, enterprises, institutions and schools in Qingdao will lower the flag at half a flag to express their condolences.

When Comrade Liu Shaoqi ( bone gray ) arrived at the dock, he immediately sent the 101 destroyer parked at the dock, and then we sent 4 frigates and 4 fighter planes to escort Comrade Liu Shaoqi ( ashes ).

When the fleet set sail, 21 guns were fired, and 500 officers from the Navy stood on the dock and lined up to see him off. All ships anchored at Qingdao Port were yelling their flutes to express their grief to Comrade Liu Shaoqi.

4 staff members felt that the plan of Qingdao Municipal Party Committee, Municipal Government and Navy was too grand. If they were implemented according to their plan, Qingdao would have to stop work and production that day. Moreover, the Navy had dispatched destroyers to attend the funeral of Comrade Liu Shaoqi. In addition to the frigates and fighter jets, it seemed a bit "big fanfare".

After hearing the staff's words, Qingdao Municipal Party Committee, Municipal Government and Navy immediately expressed their objections and said, "When Comrade Liu Shaoqi's ashes left Zhengzhou on May 19, the Zhengzhou Municipal Government organized tens of thousands of citizens to see him off on both sides of the road. Why? It's just to express respect for Comrade Liu Shaoqi, who is the head of state. Therefore, it is necessary to mobilize 200,000 people. Besides, letting the people participate in this kind of activity can also allow them to They are educated. As for the problem of frigates and fighter jets, it is because the 101 destroyer is a fleet flagship. If the flagship is traveling, frigates and fighter jets must be escorted. "

101 destroyer (Anshan)

staff were persuaded by local comrades in Qingdao, so they reported to the Beijing funeral office on this matter and were recognized by Beijing.

At 8:00 am on May 19, 1980, at the western suburbs of Beijing, a brief farewell ceremony was held for Comrade Liu Shaoqi. After expressing his gratitude to the specially arrived leading cadres and people from all walks of life, Comrade Liu Shaoqi flew to Qingdao at 8:30 am that day.

at 10 am, a special plane arrived at Qingdao Airport on time. When Comrade Liu Shaoqi's relatives walked off the special plane with sad faces, the heads of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee, Qingdao Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, and Navy forces all walked forward and bowed three times to Comrade Liu Shaoqi's portrait and urn.

10:30, after the brief welcome ceremony of Comrade Liu Shaoqi's ashes, a convoy of 50 vehicles slowly drove out from Qingdao Airport and headed towards the Navy Pier.

During the journey from the gate of Qingdao Airport to the Naval Wharf, the people were filled with people who volunteered to see off Comrade Liu Shaoqi's ashes. When Comrade Liu Shaoqi's ashes passed by, the people shouted with emotion: "Satisfied to Comrade Liu Shaoqi! Salute to Comrade Wang Guangmei!" After the convoy arrived at the dock, Comrade Wang Guangmei and Liu Shaoqi's children boarded the 101 destroyer under the leadership of the naval leader. 500 naval officers and soldiers paid tribute to them in unison and gave Comrade Liu Shaoqi the final farewell.

At 11 a.m., the 101 destroyer carrying Comrade Liu Shaoqi's urn set sail on time. Four frigates followed, escorting the 101 destroyer in a plum blossom formation. After circling above the destroyer for several weeks, four fighters in the air carried out escort missions in accordance with the established formation.

Wang Guangmei holding Liu Shaoqi's urn

After an hour, the fleet sailed to the high seas 12 nautical miles away from my country's territorial waters.

After the Navy chief asked Wang Guangmei for instructions, he immediately ordered the release of sorrow and joy, preparing to carry out the ceremony of throwing Liu Shaoqi's ashes.

Wang Guangmei grabbed a handful of Liu Shaoqi's ashes mixed with petals and slowly sprinkled them into the sea.

After Wang Guangmei finished throwing it, Liu Shaoqi's children grabbed his father's ashes in order and scattered them into the sea.

At 12:30 on May 19, after scattering all the ashes of Comrade Liu Shaoqi into the Yellow Sea, Wang Guangmei nodded to the navy leader, and the fleet turned around slowly back, and Comrade Liu Shaoqi's funeral ended successfully.

Liu Shaoqi

Comrade Liu Shaoqi, as one of the main leaders of our party, has made outstanding contributions to the New China.

11 years after Comrade Liu Shaoqi's death, his close comrade Deng Xiaoping personally rehabilitated him, washed away all the charges imposed on him, and gave him a fair evaluation.

As Comrade Deng Xiaoping said, Comrade Liu Shaoqi will always live in the hearts of the people, and his achievements for the New China will always be remembered.