text/Lu Xiuhui.com signed writer: Lu Xiuhui, from Xinghua, Jiangsu. Professional calligrapher, painter, seal engraver, literary critic.
Huan Xuan This person has no positive comments in Chinese history. When he was evaluated in history, he was full of traitors and evil! The reason for such evaluation is that he usurped power and seized the throne. He was the first to use a sword when he fell into Jin. He did not usurp the throne first, nor did he have anything to do with Liu Yu. Without Liu Yu, there would be Liu Song in the Southern Dynasties.
Huan Xuan's father died, and he passed the title to Huan Xuan, who was only five years old. The reason is that I am optimistic about him. I have seen him since I was a child, so this kid must be a character. Huan Xuan, who was five years old at the time, inherited the Duke of Nanjun and became the master all at once.
After Huan Wen died, although Xie An did not deal with the children of the Heng family, the Huan family obviously lacked the backbone and did not have much say in the capital. This put a huge pressure on Huan Xuan. He must endure it and learn the skills as soon as possible. When he was young, although he was proficient in various talents, was very conceited with his calligraphy, and wrote good articles, the court was on guard against him, and on guard against him from top to bottom. He was almost thirty years old and became the prefect of Yixing (now Jiangsu Yixing ). He said in a very unfair manner: "The father is the uncle of Jiuzhou, and the son is the chief of the Five Lakes!"
So he gave up his official position and returned wholeheartedly to his fiefdom Nanjun (now Jiangling, Hubei). On the way, he passed Jiankang and went to pay homage to Prime Minister Sima Daozi. Sima Daozi was drunk at that time and said to everyone, "Your father Huan Wen wanted to be a thief in the past, what do you think about this?" Huan Xuan was so scared that he left his seat and knelt on the ground and couldn't get up. The Chief Xie Chong looked at the wrong atmosphere and felt that Sima Daozi was unfair, so he stood up and said, "When Huan Wen deposed the foolish monarch ( Jin deposed emperor ) and established the Holy Emperor (Sima Daozi's father Emperor Jianwen Sima Yu ). Umbting the throne was a rumor from others, so he could not believe the rumors. He was a great achievement and did his best for the court."
Sima Daozi heard Xie Chong's words and realized that the cruelest thing Huan Wen did was to abolish the emperor of Jin. If he was a traitor, then the Sima Yu he changed to become a "pseudo-emperor", his father became a "pseudo-emperor", and his clan also became a treason for usurping the throne? Haven’t you also become a “pseudo-prime minister”? This is not a slap in your own mouth! He woke up by Xie Chong's words and nodded repeatedly and said: You are right, that's it. He immediately toasted Huan Xuan and changed his mouth to greet him. From then on, Huan Xuan held a grudge against Sima Daozi.
This is the political environment of Huan Xuan, he must return to Nanling. After years of hard work, he finally unified Jingzhou and Jiangzhou. The court issued an edict to command Huan Xuan to command the military affairs of Jingsi Yong, Qin and Liang, Liang and Yining, the latter general, the governor of Jingzhou, and the military affairs of the eight counties; to command the military affairs of Jiangzhou and Yangzhou, Yuzhou, and the military affairs of Jiangzhou. For a time, the power was Eastern Jin .
So, Huan Xuan casually found an excuse to kill Jiankang from Jingzhou, and attacked the barriers and killed Sima Daozi who had once humiliated him. "He appointed himself as the Taiwei, General Pingxi, General of the Chinese and foreign military affairs, the governor of Yangzhou, and the governor of Yuzhou. In addition, he also added a robe and a green ribbon, and added a sword to sixty people. His swords and shoes were in the hall. He did not go to the court and praised the unnamed courtesy."
He has long been dissatisfied with being a minister. He wants to realize his father Huan Wen’s ideal and replace him with Jin. Back then, because of Xie An, his father's dream of emperor was limited to one dream. When Huan Xuan was in power, he dismissed the treacherous and slanderous people and promoted the virtuous people. The city of Jiankang showed a prosperous scene. The people hoped to be stable and happy and live a few days of peace. However, as Huan Xuan's unofficial heart grew day by day, he began to insult the court, and the government orders were impermanent, and the people were disappointed with him again.
In November of the first year of the tycoon (403), Huan Xuan added his crown to the twelve tales of the emperor's specifications, and made his Princess of Chu the crown prince. On November 18, Bian Fanzhi wrote the edict of abdication, and was copied by Sima Bao, the King of Linchuan.On the 21st, the throne abdicated to Huan Xuan, and then moved Emperor An of Jin to Yong'an Palace, and then moved the emperors and gods of the Jin Dynasty in Taimiao to Langya Kingdom.
The short-lived Huan Chu era has begun. After Huan Xuan usurped the throne, he was arrogant and extravagant and had fun all night. He cares about small matters, and the memorials are piled up like a mountain. He doesn't care about the calligraphy of the memorials, accusing others of the wrong points, wrong marks, wrong structure, wrong layout, and wrong planning. Then, he commented and left. Or you may care about other people's words, use sentences, words and dictionaries. Huan Xuan did this, but he was actually not confident. Therefore, picky about others and show their own advantages. He thinks that his calligraphy is good and articles are good, and others cannot compare with him, so he particularly shows off his advantages and reminds others day by day.
When he doesn't care, it's actually very fun. He had a friend named Gu Kaizhi . Gu Kaizhi was a painter and was called the Painting Saint at that time. There is a story between him and Gu Kaizhi, which is very fun.
From the "Emperor's New Clothes", there was a legend of "Cicadas and Leaves" in China. "Cicada Leaf" has an invisible function. Where the cicada hides, as long as the "Cicada Leaf" is covered, the birds will no longer see it. As long as someone gets the "Cicada Leaf" to cover himself, others will not be able to see him. Therefore, people regard "cicada leaves" as treasures. Huan Xuan took a willow leaf and said it was a cicada leaf and gave it to Gu Kaizhi. Gu Kaizhi happily covered the leaves on his eyes. Huan Xuan deliberately searched around and shouted anxiously: "Gu Kaizhi, where are you?" After a while, Huan Xuan pretended not to see him and deliberately urinated at him. Therefore, Gu Kaizhi really thought that the leaves of willows could be invisible, so he treasured them as treasures.
After Huan Xuan became the emperor, he built two exquisite boats. When others asked him what he was for, he replied, if something is urgent, he could run away with calligraphy, painting, and cultural relics. The person who asked
said that it was unlucky. Sure enough, three months later, Liu Yu raised an army. Another March, he was killed.
What makes Huan Xuan the most amazing thing is that he wrote " Daily Notes " during his defeat, becoming a famous work and praised. He is also good at writing poetry and has a poetic temperament. According to historical records, Huan Xuan "has been sorrowful and joyful, and he always sobbed whenever he was happy."
Huan Xuan loves calligraphy and painting. When Liu Laozhi sent his son Liu Jingxuan to surrender, Huan Xuan hung calligraphy and paintings, invited them to visit and entertain them with calligraphy and painting. Gu Kaizhi gave Huan Xuan a box of works he thought were good at paintings. After Huan Xuan observed and sorted them out, he regarded them as the treasure. He couldn't put down his calligraphy of the father and son of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi.
Huan Xuan himself is a calligrapher and is particularly good at cursive script. He compared himself to Wang Xizhi, but "those who discussed it did not agree, he said he could compare with Kong Lin's." Yu Jianwu's "Calligraphy" commented on Huan Xuan's calligraphy as "both powerful and powerful". Li Sizhen "The Second Book" commented on his book: "Huan Xuan is like a shocked snake entering the grass, drilling out of the box." Dou Jingwen "Shu Shu Fu" says: "Respect the Tao and play hard, think sharply. Rely on the Right Army, the ambition is messy. The grass is crazy and elegant, and it is smooth and moderate, and it is still scared. It is like bathing in birds and fearing people, and it is shocking to the shore."
Huan Xuan left behind twenty volumes of "Huan Xuan Collection" and annotated two volumes of "Zhou Yi·Xici", which still existed during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, but has now been lost. Yan Kejun, a native of the Qing Dynasty, compiled thirty-five articles in "Complete Jin Wen", and the current people . Lu Qinli 6. "Poems of Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" retained his two poems "Poems of Nanlin" and "Poems of Climbing Jingshan".
The author of this article, Mr. Lu Xiuhui, works
He was born for the emperor's dream and died for the emperor's dream. History left two words for him, Huan Chu. His surname is Huan and he was the King of Chu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This word "口" means humiliation to him.
This article is original by Lu Xiuhui, a signed writer from Calligraphy Network. Please do not reprint without permission!
