In the cold weather of "Three Nine", some uncles, aunts, old men and women have a little difficulty in getting gasped, and their breathing sounds are particularly heavy, especially some lung problems such as asthma and cough. In fact, this is likely to be a symptom of "COPD". Winter is the peak period for acute attacks of COPD.
Dr. Zhao Gang from the Department of Geriatric Medicine of Shanghai Fifth Rehabilitation Hospital walked into Songjiang Radio and was a guest on the live broadcast room to bring us knowledge about the prevention and treatment of COPD in winter and pulmonary rehabilitation.
Guests of this issue: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Fifth Rehabilitation Hospital, Zhao Gang,
Outpatient time: Thursday morning,
For more details, please click on the audio to listen.
In winter, the crisis of COPD
COPD is the "hardest winter" disease. From November to March of the following year, the peak of acute aggravation of COPD. This is mainly because the temperature is low in winter, cold air stimulates the respiratory tract, increases the chance of exogenous infection, and causes symptoms to worsen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary pulmonary disease, leading to acute attacks. Secondly, burning biofuels such as straw and heating in rural areas in winter leads to poor air quality, more smoke and heavy haze, which makes COPD prone to recur in winter.
Prevention and treatment of COPD in winter
Prevention of COPD
Avoiding smoking is the most effective prevention and treatment measure
In 80% of patients with COPD are smokers. However, due to the long-term smoking habits of the elderly, they are more dependent on nicotine and have a great bias in the perception of smoking. The proportion of withdrawal symptoms during the quit smoking process is as high as 50%. Therefore, the quit smoking process is more difficult, and continuous psychological support and encouragement are needed here.
Regular lung function check
Lung function test is a simple and non-invasive test. Through this test, you can not only clarify whether you have COPD as soon as possible, but also understand the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of the medication. Generally speaking, the following groups should undergo regular lung function tests: ① Those with symptoms of chronic cough and sputum. ② Long-term smokers. ③ Those who are often exposed to harmful gases and dust. ④ Recurrent respiratory infections at childhood, low weight or malnutrition at birth. ⑤ Those with a family history of COPD.
Vaccination
influenza vaccine, pneumonia vaccine, etc. are beneficial to prevent repeated infections in patients with COPD and can significantly reduce acute attacks. The optimal time for influenza vaccination is 1-2 months before the peak of the influenza epidemic, usually from September to November each year. The elderly over the age of 60, patients with chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, etc. are the priority for influenza vaccination. The protection of influenza vaccines can last for one year and it is recommended to be vaccinated once a year.
Avoid inhalation of dust and harmful gases
There is more haze and smoke in winter. Therefore, it is necessary to control the inhalation of professional and environmentally harmful gases, be sure to wear a mask when going out. For those who have been exposed to frying rice for a long time, it is recommended to use a strong smoker to ensure ventilation in the kitchen.
Treatment of COPD
Drug treatment: bronchodilator, glucocorticoid, phlegm-relieving drugs, antibiotics, theophylline, etc.
Non-drug treatment: smoking cessation, oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, surgery. Patients can also be guided to undergo pulmonary rehabilitation training, including training of respiratory muscles and breathing patterns.
quit smoking and prevent recurrence of smoking addiction.
In addition to treatment, daily care is also very important. Experts suggest that patients with COPD should do the following things in winter:
01
Reduce going out
Due to the harsh air environment, experts suggest that patients with COPD should reduce going out in winter, especially in severe weather such as solar terms, temperature changes, and rain. You must wear a mask when going out to avoid cold air.
02
quit smoking
Whether smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, it may cause damage to the airway epithelium, so patients with COPD should remember to quit smoking at all times.
03
Prevent colds
For patients with COPD, a small cold may cause serious consequences. In winter, patients with COPD must pay attention to keeping warm and preventing colds. When autumn and winter alternate, you can go to community hospitals to get influenza and pneumonia vaccines.
04
04
Late early and get up late
Collapse patients are prone to insomnia in winter, and many patients get up and move when they can’t sleep. However, in winter, patients with COPD should go to bed earlier and get up later in the morning. Even if you can't sleep, you can lie down and close your eyes and rest, which can relieve the symptoms of cough and asthma and reduce the chance of external infection.
05
Proper exercise
Although patients with COPD cannot exercise vigorously, doing some soothing exercise is also beneficial for protecting lung function. Related studies show that practicing Tai Chi can help patients with COPD protect residual lung function. In addition, Wuqin opera, slow walking, Baduanjin, lung function rehabilitation exercises, respiratory exercises, etc. are all very suitable for patients with COPD. Experts remind that when winter exercise, you must wait for the sun to rise.
06
Oxygen Therapy
Oxygen therapy can relieve the symptoms of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary pulmonary disease, but oxygen therapy requires monitoring of blood oxygen content, and do not blindly inhaling oxygen. You can choose to take oxygen therapy at the hospital or at home under the guidance of a doctor.
07
Family care
Chronic obstructive pulmonary patients have a depression due to their reduced ability to live in lung function, especially the chances of going out in winter, and they need more care and love from their families. For patients with stable periods, the doctor's advice should be followed. Since the use of medication in respiratory departments mostly uses local inhalation treatment, it is not easy for some elderly people to master specific operations. It requires active participation from their families to guide and supervise the patients to use medication.
What should I pay attention to in the diet of COPD?
01
eat less carbohydrates
reduces the amount of porridge, noodles, rice and other portions accordingly. Although carbohydrates are one of the sources of energy in the human body, for patients with COPD, intake of large amounts of carbohydrates will increase respiratory load and are not conducive to alleviating the condition. It is best for patients with COPD to choose high-diet fiber foods made of whole grains. Common whole grains include quinoa, millet, etc.
02
More high-quality protein
Choose high-protein, high-quality foods, such as meat from herbivores, grass-fed poultry and eggs, as well as fish, especially oily fish, such as salmon, sardines, etc.
03
Multi-food Complex Carbohydrate
Complex Carbohydrate Food fiber content is high, which helps improve digestive system function and blood sugar management. Foods in the diet include: beans, bran, lentils, quinoa, oats, barley, etc.
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Fresh fruits and vegetables contain essential vitamins, minerals and fibers of the human body. Helps with good health, non-starch vegetables (except peas, potatoes and corn) are low in carbohydrates and can be included in the diet.
06
More foods with high potassium content
Potassium deficiency can cause respiratory problems. Therefore, try to eat foods with high potassium content, such as: dark leafy green vegetables, tomatoes, asparagus, beets, potatoes, bananas, oranges, avocados, etc.
07
Ensure sufficient drinking water
Patients with COPD should ensure that they drink sufficient water every day. Caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea, soda, etc., as well as some functional beverages, such as Red Bull, must limit fluid intake for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary pulmonary disease.
"Healthy Smart House" was jointly launched by Songjiang District Media Center and District Health Commission. Cooperation units: Songjiang District Central Hospital, Songjiang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (South), Shanghai Fifth Rehabilitation Hospital, Songjiang District Fangta Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital.
If citizens have any health issues that you want to know or consult, please follow Songjiang Radio FM100.9 "Healthy Smart House". The broadcast time of the program is broadcast from 11:00 to 12:00 every Monday to Friday. Welcome to call the live broadcast hotline of the program 37683768 to have a dialogue with famous doctors in major hospitals in Songjiang area.
Text and audio: Wang Weiwei
Edited by: Zhou Zhenghao
