Biyang's first king——Hong Xiuquan Imperially conferred the title of "King of Huaixi": Chen Tai'an
In early 1857, Zhao Yucun, the imperial envoy of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, held the "Imperial Imperial Imperial" of the Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan, and went to Jiaozishan to confer Chen Tai'an as King of Huaixi
Hong Xiuquan
1. Jiaozishan
Jiaozishan is located in Xiabeisi Township, Biyang County, and is a place where many heroes emerge. It is connected to Wuyang in the north, to Xianghe Pass in the west, and to Suiping in the east, and to Yicheng District, surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing water on one side. Advance can attack, retreat can be easily defended, and has always been a strategic location for military strategists. Jiaozi Mountain is the remnant of Funiu Mountain, with steep mountains connected to hills within a radius, and gullies and rivers intersect. The dense wild forests and bushes form natural vegetation, with ups and downs. The land of Jiaozishan has undergone countless historical changes and witnessed countless historical marks: there is a flagpole kiln with a thickness of a bowl and a depth of two feet on the top of the mountain. It is said that the Huang Chao Uprising of the Tang Dynasty moved from Shandong to fight here. When it was camped in Jiaozishan, it was specially designed to plant flags. The magical skills are still clearly visible. There is a wall of stone built over two miles around the mountainside, which is like a giant dragon coiling, which is extremely spectacular. According to historical records such as "Records of Chinese History", "History of Qing Dynasty", "Draft of the Qing Dynasty" (Yuzhou 1840-1880), and "Biyang County Chronicles", the wall of the village was built during the Jiaozishan Uprising between 1851-1866 and during the Qing Dynasty. According to the Shan County Chronicle, "there are many thieves from Nanyang, and they named their party Nianzi, and used Jiaozi Mountain as their nest." In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), Qiao Jiande of the Nian Party gathered more than 2,000 people to operate in Jiaozishan near Nanyang and Biyang. After several years of development and growth, "In July 1856, the Anti-Qing Uprising occurred in Jiaozishan at the border area of Yuzhou, Biyang, Queshan , Suiping, Xiping, Wuyang and other counties in Henan Province. The leaders include Li Taichun, Xiao Kuang, Chen Tai'an, Guan Shaotang, Wang Sanpianzi, etc. They automatically 'twist', carry out activities to pack and send private salt, and rob houses."
Jiaozishan Flagstan Kiln
2, Tai'an was born
single table This Jiaozishan East Banqiao Town Linzhuang Village Committee Linzhuang Village, young farmer Chen Tai'an was born here. Chen Tai'an (? ——1858), from Linzhuang Village Committee, Banqiao Town, Biyang, Henan Province, was born as a tenant. In Chen Tai'an's hometown, there was a rumor: "Ask where my hometown is, the big locust tree in Hongtong, Shanxi." During the early Ming Dynasty, the ancestors of the Chen family moved from Hongtong County, Shanxi Province to Linzhuang Village, Banqiao Town, Biyang County. His father Chen Youfu, the eldest among the eight brothers, married Xu, a family in the neighboring village of Baiguoshu. Xu had one daughter and three boys. Chen Tai'an was the youngest, and the villagers called him "miss". After Chen Tai'an was born, he looked weird and stuttered. But he is spoiled by his parents and brothers. He has been naughty since he was a child, and he is idle all day long and does not study, but he often dances with guns and sticks, and has developed a good martial arts. When he was seventeen or eighteen years old, he was like an arhat and had super strong arms.
Chen Tai'an wandered around all day and fought, which made the neighbors dissatisfied. According to legend, many people were injured in a dispute with the villagers once, and the villagers threatened to get rid of this "prodigal boy". So he secretly ran to the 公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公� The family members were afraid that the matter would be investigated by the government and destroyed the nine clans, so they tried to tie Chen Tai'an back from Yu'an and strictly enforced the family law. Chen Tai was bedridden and could only rely on it after half a year of maintenance at home. But he still did not give up. Before he recovered from his injury, he walked up to Mount Yu with a cane. He was recovered by his tribe members on the way. The tribe members decided to use sorghum poles to roll Chen Tai'an up and dig a hole to bury him alive. Because Chen's seventh uncle was not at home at the time, his clan members did not dare to implement it. A few days later, his seventh uncle came back from another place and learned the whole story. He was afraid of taking the crime of intentional homicide, so he said to everyone: "It is better to punish him than to bury him alive and harm the law, so he asked him to dig a hole to store water and irrigate the land." So, Chen Tai'an dug holes every day. After more than a year of more than a year, he finally dug a large hole about 30 meters long, 20 meters wide and 4 meters deep in the north and south of the village. These two puddles are still there, and the villagers have benefited a lot. After the two holes were dug, Chen Tai'an became much more at ease.One day after his family relaxed their vigilance, he and a few Nian Army brothers went up the mountain and entered the group.
3, Tai'an enters Nian
After Chen Tai'an entered Nian, he led the Nian Army to attack Wangjiazhai in Chunshui Town, Biyang County. The village chief was connected to the government office, and there were more than a hundred officials in it, including muskets, bird guns, big swords and spears. There are many local cannons in the village, which are as solid as a god. At first, the Nian Army could not capture it for a long time, and the leader was at a loss. Chen Tai'an was a stuttering man and offered a plan: "If everyone listens to me, fight and fight to capture Queshan and sit down Bianjing !" The generals adopted his suggestion. So he retreated his troops to the Shahe River, Niutiao Street, twenty miles south of the south. Because he was an illiterate man, he issued an order to the troops, "The capital is going east, the capital is going west-" After training like this for several days, he said, "Yes, I'm defeated." After several days of rigorous training, the quality of the soldiers was greatly improved and their morale doubled. Chen Tai'an chose a day to attack Wangjiazhai. He led the way, charged forward, commanded with determination, and led the Nian Army to rush bravely. When his soldiers were in high morale, he shouted loudly, "Who can be the first to rush into the village wall and enjoy a thousand oceans." Under heavy rewards, there must be a brave man. Suddenly, the warriors dropped their shirts and went into battle with their naked backs. The sound of killing was shocking. Wangjia Village was captured in one fell swoop. The soldiers cheered and raised Chen Tai'an and supported him as the leader of the Nian Army. He was only 20 years old at the time.
1856 (the sixth year of Xianfeng), Chen Tai'an led 242 people including Xiao Kuang, Wang Erdang (from Wanli Village, Banqiao Town), Wang Sanpianzi (from Xiaozhuang, Liuhe Village Committee, Shahedian Town), Zhang Wutu, Liang Daozhu, Guan Shaotang, etc. to camp in Jiaozishan and raise the anti-Qing banner. The troops were divided into five flags: red, white, black, yellow, and blue. Chen led the red flag master. Chen Tai'an was named the chief "master", also known as "the leader". To this day, there are still stone mortars and village walls on the mountain with "king flags".
4 Jiaozishan was crowned king
Chen Tai'an's rebel army grew rapidly in Jiaozishan, and the number of people increased to more than 10,000 within half a year. They used Jiaozi Mountain as the base and connected Baiyun Mountain to the south, Wufeng Mountain to the north, and Yanyuji Mountain to the east, and became famous in southern Henan and northern Hubei.
One day in early 1857, Zhao Yucun, the imperial envoy of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, came to Jiaozi Mountain and conferred Chen Tai'an the King of Huaixi. At the ceremony of Chen Tai'an's enfeoffment, various flags on Jiaozi Mountain fluttered in the wind. The Huaixi King's flag was yellow, and the rest were four flags, white, blue, black and red. Guards of honor were arranged in front of the Juyi Hall, and rows of horses patrolled at the foot of the mountain. Now, there are still stone mortars used to plant the "King Banner" in Jiaozi Mountain, including bricks, tiles and stones for building the "Juyi Hall" that year.
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Golden Palace
Chen Tai'an was named queen, and there was a folk song around Jiaozi Mountain: "The Emperor of Heaven, the Emperor of Earth, and the King of Huaixi has appeared in Jiaozi Mountain", "The mistress of the king Jiaozi Mountain, the poor people are frowning, and the landlords and wealth are all done!" From this, it can be seen that the local people are very supportive of the peasant army organized by Chen Tai'an.
According to legend, once Chen Tai'an returned to his hometown, with a red mule leading the way at the front, followed by a man carrying a sandalwood stove with a fog swaying incense, and then an eight-carrying sedan chair. Chen Tai'an sat upright inside, wearing a 48-pound hat. The generals and officials were sermoned in front of him, like stars holding the moon. People at that time respectfully called him "Tai'an's man", which was so majestic! He also spread the gold and silver seized from other places on the threshing farm in the south of the village, spreading the entire threshing farm
5, fighting the Central Plains
Chen Tai'an and the Nian Army used flexible mobile tactics when fighting with the Qing army, which made the Qing army exhausted and dealt a heavy blow to the Qing government. Ying Gui, who was the governor of Henan at the time of Henan, once sighed: "Since the troubles, the bandit has been intercepted and killed by officers and soldiers and township groups, they have always failed to succeed because they are outnumbered. The bandits gather more and more, and have more and more than 10,000 people have been threatened. They are usurped as fake names, and they are all fake and imitated by the bandits of Ying and Bo, and are also divided into five-colored flags. Whenever they encounter officers and soldiers, they are full of tricks and extremely fierce."
King Chen Tai'an of Huaixi used Jiaozishan as the base camp, cooperated with the main force of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to attack Ru Cai in the east, and attack Wuyang in the north, and Yuzhou in the north. According to Ruzhou , Ke Dengfeng, won consecutive victories and won many battles. He angered the Qing court and sent heavy troops to encircle Chen Tai'an and set up a net to encircle and suppress Chen Tai'an.Chen Tai'an responded calmly, sometimes attacking the Qing army's camp at night. Leading the army to launch a guerrilla warfare, which dealt a heavy blow to the Qing government's army. According to the "Biyang County Chronicles", they fought fiercely with the Qing army 61 times, killing and injuring more than 5,600 Qing army members. To name just a few examples:
On May 24, 1857, Chen Tai'an led his troops to join forces with Li Dachun, the Nian Army, and defeated the Qing army. From Yexian , Wuyang, Yuzhou, and Linying , he broke into Xuchang , breaking five cities in a row. More than 20 places of the government siege were defeated, more than a thousand boxes of oceans were seized, and more than a thousand enemies were wiped out.
On June 25, 1857, Chen Tai'an shot and killed Wang Wanling, the magistrate of Songshan, in Baishagou, the junction of Ruzhou and Dengfeng, and captured Dahong Mountain in Yuzhou. Then, he returned to Wuyang County and defeated the Qing Dynasty general Long Zehou.
On October 25, 1857, Chen Tai'an led more than 6,000 people to conquer the important town of Shedian, burned the Chunqiu Tower in the "Shanshan and Shaanxi Guild Hall" occupied by the gentry, and then advanced to the border of Henan and Shaanxi, attacked the Shangnan County of Shaanxi, and killed Shi Zuolin, the magistrate of the Qing Dynasty. In early November of the same year, Chen Tai'an led his army to attack Songxian, Yichuan, Ruzhou and other places, and fought with the Qing army for more than a month. The Qing soldiers suffered heavy losses, which greatly damaged their spirits. However, the Nian Army in Jiaozishan fought continuously for a long time, and the generals suffered great losses. Chen Tai'an decided to withdraw from Jiaozishan to rest. The goal of "occupying Queshan and advancing to Bianliang" was not achieved.
Facing Chen Tai'an's revolutionary struggle in full swing, the Qing army was exhausted and failed to suppress the encirclement. In a rage, the Qing government removed the flower feathers of Long Zehou, the general of Sui Town, Shaanxi, and He Huaizhen, the governor of Nanyang. He also ordered the Shaanxi Governor Zeng Wangyan and Henan Governor Ying Gui to suppress Chen Tai'an, King of Huaixi. Yinggui ordered the Heshan Ru Road Xia Yunxiu to go straight to Lushan Mountain and supervised the counties in western Henan to guard the West Road. The prefect of Ru Ning, Qi Zhishuan, went to Suiping quickly to defend the east road. The alternate prefect Ye Fa led his troops to Wuyang in the north and cut off the northern route of the Yi army. He Huaizhen, the governor of Nanyang, and Qiu Lianen, commanded about 13,000 cavalry and infantry, respectively, rushed to Biyang. With its main force, he launched an attack from west to Jiaozishan. King Chen Tai'an of Huaixi ordered all troops to fight. Xiao Kuang and Guan Shaotang's troops left the east route; Li Taichun's troops left the north route; Wang Erdang defended Jiaozishan to the death. Chen Tai'an led the main force of the Nian Army to fight against the main force of the Qing army on the West Road. He first attacked Shuangmiao Street in Biyang, and then went west to Dahetun in Tanghe County. Disturbing the deployment of the Qing army, inducing the Qing army to divide its troops and disperse its forces. Finally, he turned around and attacked the empty Bianyang County. The magistrate Deng Guoliang defender was defeated, and the Bianyang regiment guard Hao Hengtaihe guarded the general Zhang Shiwei. Three battles and three victories, more than 2,600 Qing troops were eliminated, and then returned to Jiaozishan base.
As the Qing army's troops continued to increase, Jiaozishan Rebel Army formed a siege on all sides. Chen Tai'an's subordinates suffered too much losses. After the death of the brave general Liang Daorong, Wang Sanpianzi was defeated again and was captured by the Qing army and was brutally killed. Xiao Kuang was unsuccessful in his army and fled after defeat. Soon, he was captured in Tongshan, Fangcheng County, and died heroically. His beloved general Guan Shaotang abandoned Wu and lived in seclusion, and went to Wudang Mountain to become a Taoist priest.
6, Desperate Tianya
On January 2, 1858, Chen Tai'an led the remnants into Tongbai. He joined the Tongbai Nian Army and insisted on fighting with the Qing army. In the end, because he was outnumbered, he lost consecutive battles and many people followed him died and injured. For a moment, the army's morale was shaken, and soldiers fled privately, and the team became fewer and fewer. His wife, Nativity Bai, was missing during the war, and Chen Tai'an became the commander-in-law. On a dark night, he sneaked back to his hometown Linzhuang Village. The villagers hid him in a hidden cave in Beishan, and his family took turns to send him food and drink secretly.
In order to arrest Chen Tai'an, the governor of the Qing court, swearing to "see people alive and corpses when they die." He offered a large reward and ordered the three county magistrates of Queshan, Biyang and Suiping to send open and secret investigations to arrest Chen Tai'an within a specified period of time and were sentenced to be sentenced. At the south end of Linzhuang Village, Chen Tai'an's hometown, there is a huge grave burying Chen Tai'an's parents. After Chen Tai'an raised his army, there were many legends in the village, believing that it occupied the earth. The Magistrate of Biyang County once brought a "Feng Shui Master" to Chen Tai'an's parents' grave to "break the Feng Shui". When the Qing army was searching the mountains, they discovered the cave where Chen Tai'an hid and then surrounded the cave. At this time, Chen Taian was in adversity and was not afraid of danger.Facing the Qing soldiers under the cave, they climbed over a cliff more than ten meters, like a strong ape, jumped to the top of the mountain and quickly disappeared into the jungle. The Qing soldiers did not capture Chen Tai'an, and the county magistrate was angry and took revenge on the fellow villagers surnamed Chen in Linzhuang. All men surnamed Chen in the village were arrested and severely tortured. Especially all young and middle-aged people who are "Tai" generation are even more guilty and are taken to the government jail. There are many young people of the same generation as Chen Tai'an, who suffered all the tortures, and some even lost their lives. After that, the villager's surname Chen was worried about being implicated again. Some changed their surnames and moved to other places. Most of the Chen clan members who stayed in Linzhuang also changed the word "Tai" generation to the word "Qing" generation, which has been passed down to this day. In January of the eighth year of Xianfeng (4858 AD), after Chen Tai'an escaped from his death, he hid in Shangcao Village, Xianghe, , and his old godmother took refuge in the house. Chen Tai'an's original personal guard was moved by money and went to the government to report Chen Tai'an's hiding place. The magistrate led the officers and soldiers to arrive overnight and surrounded Chen Tai'an's house. Chen Tai'an was captured on January 6. Under the strict supervision of Henan Governor Ying Gui, he was escorted to Beijing with an iron prison cart.
7, the soul returns to a foreign land
Chen Tai'an was in a different place in Beijing and never returned to his burial, so he never built a tomb in his hometown, and he had no descendants. Now only the tombs of his grandfather and his ancestral village still exist in the south of the village. As a leader of a peasant uprising, although he did something extraordinary, it was due to the limitations of the times, and later generations also forgave him. For more than 150 years, Chen Tai'an's anecdotes have been widely circulated in his hometown. They have been passed down from generation to generation and are familiar with the villagers and can tell two or three things. Po is proud of this.
8, later on
Until August of the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), Henan Governor Li Henian ordered Cui Tinggui to "transfer his troops to the Nanru area with his troops to the territory of Guidezhen", and led local civil and military officials to arrest the remaining troops of the Nian Army at any time, "Jiaozishan is always known as the Nianshu, and it is finally cleared."
Biyang Jiaozishan Nian Army is the largest and longest-lasting Nian Army in Henan. There were only two thousand people at the beginning of the first year of Xianfeng (1851). By October of the seventh year of Xianfeng (1857), the rebel army had grown to more than 10,000 people, and it was not until the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868).
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