Pengpai News reporter Gao Dan
Qing Dynasty The most frequent "reading" and "knowing" when the emperor reviewed memorials, where and how did he write it? What is the appearance of the mysterious archery box hidden behind the Zhengda Guangming plaque in the Forbidden City? How gorgeous is the special equipment "Golden Chamber" dedicated to the records and hadiths of emperors of the dynasty? What are the confidential documents of the central organization of the imperial court during the hundreds of years of the Ming and Qing dynasties?
The various fonts I know
The throne inheritance of the ancient feudal dynasty was always accompanied by bloody storms. The secret throne system established by the Qing Dynasty was a major innovation in the throne inheritance system. This secret throne box was discovered after the Zhengda Guangming plaque.
and above secrets must be found in China's No. 1 Historical Archives .
htmlOn July 6, the new museum of China's First Historical Archives was officially opened to the public. Nearly 4.7 million archives are currently opened and a series of exhibitions have been launched.China's First Historical Archives (hereinafter referred to as the First Historical Archives) was established in 1925. It is a central-level National Archives , which is responsible for collecting and managing the archives formed by central institutions in the Ming and Qing dynasties and before. It is the first professional archive institution in modern significance in Chinese history and an important place for the world to understand and study Chinese history. The Yishi Museum has a total of 77 sects of the Ming and Qing archives , with a total of more than 10 million pieces, ranking among the top in the world's historical archives collections during the same period. Together with the Yinxu oracle bones , Dunhuang scriptures and Juyan Han bamboo slips , are known as the "four major discoveries" of modern ancient documents. Yishi Museum provides the public with archive review, exhibition visits and other services.
China's First Historical Archives New Library
44 full archives and Military Affairs Office Manchu document search database open
China's First Historical Archives has a total of 77 full archives in Ming and Qing dynasties. As of July 5, 2022, 44 full digital archives including the Cabinet, Military Affairs Office, Palace, Internal Affairs Office , People's Office , Constitutional Compilation and Inspection Hall, Revised Law Museum, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing Higher Trial Office Procuratorate, Ministry of War- Army Department , Bide Court, etc., have been released online at the same time, for free use by users.
According to reports, the 33 zodiacs opened this time include Bideyuan, Postal and Communication Department , Supervisory Salt Administration Department, Shandong Governor's Yamen , etc., which contains nearly 8,000 files, basically named after the organization name. Although the total amount of this part of the archives is not large, it involves many institutions, has a large time span and is rich in content. For example, Bide Court, Supervisory Administration Office, Authority , etc. were established during the reform period of state organs in the late Qing Dynasty. For example, the Huikao Prefecture and the General Administration of Smoking ban, etc., it was a special agency established to specialize in handling something. These archives provide important reference for studying specific historical events in a specific period.
Among them, the Ministry of Posts and Communication was established in the 33rd year of Guangxu (1907), and is an institution that manages the four policies of ships, railways, postal and telecommunications across the country. The archives in the entire sect started from the sixth year of Guangxu (1880) to the second year of the Republic of China (1913), and contained a small number of relevant archives before the establishment of the Ministry of Posts and Communications. The archives include books and books on personnel, finance, regulations, etc. made by each province on railway, telegram, postal, and various transfer bureaus, as well as related letters, consultations, memorials, telegrams, etc.
Shangsiyuan Yamen returned to Beijing from Lianggezhuang Station to take the eighth set of trains and second-class guest seats, one-class train ticket
Shenji Camp is a guardian of the Forbidden City and the Sanhai , and the entourage troops who accompanied the emperor on patrol. The archives in the entire sect start from , the seventh year of Tongzhi, (1868) to the second year of Xuantong (1910), mainly based on documents from the late Guangxu period; the archives include institutional personnel, training of new troops, ordnance, etiquette, etc. The main types of documents include transfer meetings, consultations, memorials, memorials, seals, details, etc.
Imperial College was established in the first year of Shunzhi (1644). It was an educational institution and the highest institution of learning that "controls the government orders of national studies". It was abolished in the 31st year of Guangxu (1905).The archives of the Imperial College were from the fifth year of Qianlong (1740) to the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906). The archives mainly included the provinces' donations and rewards, the Imperial College license issuance of student licenses, and related affairs documents of the Correspondence Academy.
Imperial College issued Deng Wenmo to be a license for the supervisor
to make tea, which is an important religious activity in Tibetan Buddhism. It mainly refers to the donors from Tibetan Buddhist believers to the temple, and the lamas in the temple pray for the donors. The Military Affairs Office copied the documents transferred during the process of Zhuanggar Mongolian's tea making matters to Tibet into a book, and formed the Manchu tea making file of the Military Affairs Office of the Qing Dynasty that is now in a Historical Museum.
There are 4 volumes of the Manwen Tea Cake Archives in the Military Affairs Office of the Qing Dynasty. The archives start from May of the fifth year of Qianlong (1740) to July of the leap year of Qianlong. There are 206 official pieces and 31 attachments. Manchu Tea-making documents vary, including decrees, memorials, memorials, consultations, presentations, lists and letters, etc. The archives are rich, including the Qing court's attitude towards the Mongolian sending envoys to Tibet to make tea, as well as the Qing court's arrangements for border defense, appointing officers and soldiers to escort, preparing livestock and food supplies, and monetization of investment and trade, as well as many aspects such as settlement and loss of silver, rewards and pensions for officials.
Qing Dynasty Military Machinery Office Manwen Tea Cake Cover
Military Machinery Office Manwen Special Archive - The full text search database of the Tea Cake Archive is a new achievement in promoting the informatization of Manchu archives. It is an integral part of the full text search database of the Military Machinery Office Manwen Special Archive. It contains 4 Manchu archives, 1,490 frames, nearly 150,000 Manchu words, and integrates the recorded information of the Manchu tea cake archive. The opening of this database provides convenience for users' archive query, and also has important significance and role in the research on ethnic, border, politics, economy, culture, religion and other aspects in the early Qianlong period and in the southwest and northwest regions.
Database Interface
China's No. 1 Historical Archives New Museum will be officially opened to the public on July 6, 2022. You can make an appointment to check and visit through the website of China's No. 1 Historical Archives website (www.fhac.com.cn), " Royal History " WeChat official account, and "China's No. 1 Historical Archives" mini program.
permanent exhibitions are open
It is reported that all permanent exhibitions inside the new museum have been moved in and will be gradually opened to the public.
Exhibition
"Lantai Hangyu Family and Country Spring and Autumn - Ming and Qing History Archives Exhibition" is the basic exhibition. The total exhibition area is 1,800 square meters, and nearly 300 pieces (groups) of archival documents are exhibited. It is basically based on time and is divided into five parts: Ming Dynasty glimpses, Qing Dynasty construction, Kangxi and Qianlong prosperous era , Empire Autumn Cool, and Resistance Search. Many of the exhibits are the first external display.
Among the exhibits in this article, there is the earliest and largest painted world map of the world drawn by the Chinese, the earliest and largest size, the most existing Ming Dynasty archives, one of the earliest existing Ming Dynasty archives, the "Edict of Emperor Yongle and the People and others to provide convenient affairs for the Lama's family photography," which records the history of the management of Tibet by Emperor Yongle, the "Edict of the People and the People of the People who wrote the Lama's family to provide Nie's cultivation", the "Evil and Imperial Map of the North and South" that is preserved in our country, the "Equator, North and South" that combines the results of the astronomical observations of the East and West at that time, and the Ming Dynasty's coastal defense map, including Taiwan and Diaoyu Islands, etc.
"The Mixed Picture of the Ming Dynasty" was drawn in the 22nd year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1389). The range drawn in this picture starts from Japan in the east, reaches in the west, and reaches in the west, and reaches in the south to South Africa in the north, and reaches Mongolia in the north. It is the earliest and largest painted world map in my country drawn by the Chinese.
During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Nurhaci , under the name of " Seven Hate ", raised an army to rebel against the Ming Dynasty and gradually unified the various Jurchen tribes. In the first year of Tianming (1616), the country was founded and called Khan, and the country was named "Jin", which was known in history as , Later Jin . Huang Taiji changed his clan name to "Manchu". In the tenth year of Tiancong (1636), he ascended the throne and became emperor. He changed his reign to Chongde and established the country name " Qing ". In March of the 17th year of Chongzhen (1644), the peasant army conquered Beijing city . In the same year, the Qing army entered the pass of and established its capital in Beijing.Subsequently, the Southern Ming was conquered, the Three Feudalists were pacified, Taiwan was recaptured, and the Tsarist Russia was initially laid the foundation for unifying the multi-ethnic state. Among the second part of the exhibits, there are the "Huang Taiji Anmin Notice" which traces the content of the "Seven Great Hate", the "Sheng Jing City Palace Picture" that is the earliest depiction of Shengjing City Palace, the "Zhuang Jing City Palace" that has been seen so far, the "Zhuang Jing City Palace" that canonize the Concubine Zhuang of Yongfu Palace (later Xiaozhuang Empress), and the only official chronological historical book written in old Manchu before entering the pass of the Qing Dynasty, etc. There are also videos showing the title of the Golden List and the Golden Palace List in the Qing Dynasty.
Part 2 Exhibition
Kangxi and Qianlong prosperous times, there are " Ruigu Map " drawn by court painter Italian missionary Lang Shining , "The Complete Picture of the Up and Downs of Jinsha River", which is known as "The "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" in ancient engineering drawings, there are "The Complete Picture of the Up and Downs of the Jinsha River" based on the important battles carried out when the Qianlong Dynasty pacified Western Regions and the final scene of returning to the dynasty to celebrate the merits, there are "The Sixteen Psalms of the Battle of the Western Regions" that record the Queen's Etiquette when the Queen travels, "The Queen's Etiquette" and "The Dog Map" that records the names and birthdays of pets raised in the harem. There is also a game that simulates the winter entertainment of the Qing Palace.
"Cat List" "Dog List"
"Sheng Qianqiu - Display of Ming and Qing Archives" preserves and displays royal archives of the Ming and Qing dynasties in the form of "combining exhibition and collection".
The history of collecting rare copies of the country with the "Shi Shi Jinkui" can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. There is inheritance in the generations and the use is continued. But in fact, things have long been destroyed in the long river of history, and people today have no chance to see them. The only fruits of the Jinkui dynasty in the Ming and Qing dynasties that have survived to this day are still there. As the most precious and important national historical records, the record and the hadith are related to the legitimacy of the regime's existence and the legitimacy of historical heritage. On the white marble platform of the Stone Room of the Imperial History Hall, the golden tent, wrapped in dragon-copper skin and gilded, silently protects these precious classics and historical memories.
At present, there are 152 Golden Chambers in One History Museum, of which 120 are displayed in the exhibition hall, and the other 32 are preserved in the original scene of the Imperial History Museum.
Jinkui
The dragon cabinet in the Qing Dynasty was manufactured by the Ministry of Industry and the wood is mainly fir and pine . It is used to collect the royal family genealogy compiled by the ancestral mansion Yuzi . According to the rules, the Yuzi is compiled every ten years, recording the birth and death of members of the royal family, parents, marriage, children, heirs, titles, and appointments. After the completion of the work, he was presented to the emperor for reading, and the copy was collected in the imperial history books. After the 12th year of Jiaqing (1807), the jade letter was transferred to the Yanqing Hall and Mianxi Hall on both sides of the Shouhuang Hall in Jingshan for collection. Later it was moved to the warehouse of China's No. 1 Historical Archives and was properly kept.
Dragon Cabinet
"Protecting the National Memory and Inheriting the National Cultural Heritage - The Development History Exhibition of the Archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties" is also about to be launched. The exhibition traces the footprints of nearly a hundred years of struggle. The museum history exhibition takes the development of the archives industry in Ming and Qing dynasties as the main line, and is divided into five units: the circulation of the book, the hard work, the foundation of the foundation, the glorious era, and the future. It displays more than 90 pieces (groups) of exhibits, including precious old photos of the archives work of the Ming and Qing dynasties, sand tables and sculptures that restore real scenes, audio and video recording the glorious history of the archives industry in Ming and Qing dynasties, etc., and a panoramic review of the historical scroll of the First Historical Archives of China in the past century.
The Ming and Qing dynasties gathered the feudal system and produced a large number of central government and royal archives. However, by the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, these archives had suffered disasters and were tragically damaged and scattered. The call from scholars in the Confucian scholars has attracted attention from all walks of life on the Ming and Qing archives.
chaotic archives in the cabinet
In October 1925, Palace Museum was established, and a document department was established specifically responsible for managing Ming and Qing archives. This is China's first historical archive management agency with modern significance. The archives industry of Ming and Qing dynasties began, and archive sorting, publishing and other work started hard in the turmoil. Facing the critical moment of Japan's full-scale invasion of China, the Ming and Qing dynasties were packed with cultural relics from the Forbidden City, moved south and west, and avoided the enemy thousands of miles away, fortunately, and was protected.
On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded, and the archives industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties entered a new era.The original intention of the Ming and Qing archivists was full of solid intentions and strived to promote the Ming and Qing archivists to better serve the country and society. They took root in archives, transported southward migration archives, received lost archives, improved storage conditions, studied and organized methods, compiled and published archives, cultivated Manchu talents, and promoted academic exchanges, etc., laying the foundation for the vigorous development of the archives industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
graduated from the Manchu class in August 1978 and took photos with leaders and teachers of the Forbidden City and the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
To adapt to the new requirements put forward for archive work, a modern Ming and Qing archive with the background and complete functions of the Ming and Qing dynasties was completed in 2020. In July 2021, the new building of China's First Historical Archives was officially opened. After trial operation, on July 6 this year, the new building of China's First Historical Archives was officially opened to the public.
Editor in charge: Liang Jia Photo editor: Shen Ke
Proofreading: Shi Yan
