Long documentary "Long March" is a masterpiece that reflects the major historical event of the "Long March" with a new perspective. Wang Shuzeng, the author of the book, once said in an exclusive interview with this newspaper that, as far as historical facts are concerned, the telegrams disclosed in "The Long March" that have had an important impact on the fate of the Red Army and the direction of China's history are difficult for ordinary readers to see. This article is excerpted from "Long March" (published by People's Literature Publishing House).
At the reception welcoming Zhang Guotao, everyone intentionally avoided different opinions
Mao Zedong and Zhang Guotao lost information to each other after the failure of the Great Revolution. In the midst of white horror, Mao Zedong went to the middle of Chinese peasants, and Zhang Guotao went to the distant Moscow. Two years later, Zhang Guotao was sent to the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base by the Central Committee. At that time, Mao Zedong was leading a red armed force to fight in the dense forests of Jinggangshan.
In the evening, a welcome banquet was held in the Lama Temple. Mao Zedong, Zhang Wentian, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Bo Gu and Liu Bocheng all attended the banquet. They still gave each other a toast, and then chatted casually, intentionally avoiding the different opinions on future military policies in the telegrams. Of course, the existing forces of both sides that need to be mentioned are inevitably mentioned. Zhou En said that the Central Red Army had 30,000 troops, while Zhang Guotao said that the Red Fourth Front Army had 100,000 troops - "Zhou's exaggeration was much greater than Zhang's." American journalist Salisbury said, "both sides kept secrets, were not frank and open." - By then, the actual strength of the Central Red Army was about 20,000, while the Red Fourth Front Army had about 80,000 troops.
In the next two days, Zhang Guotao talked to people he thought were important. In Zhang Guotao's eyes, Bo Gu spoke bluntly but "had insufficient experience." But Bo Gu seriously criticized a certain "warlord style" in the Red Fourth Front Army, and also expressed his disgust for Zhang Guotao's style of calling his brothers and brothers in the conversation. Zhang Guotao invited Nie Rongzhen and Peng Dehuai to have a meal. During the meal, Zhang Guotao seemed very enthusiastic and expressed that he would allocate two regiments from the Fourth Red Front Army to the First Red Front Army. After the meal, Nie Rongzhen asked Peng Dehuai: "Why are you treating us to dinner?" Peng Dehuai said: "You don't want to send troops to you?" Then, Zhang Guotao sent Huang Chao to send Peng Dehuai a few kilograms of jerky and some rice, which made Peng Dehuai immediately alert. Many years later, Peng Dehuai wrote: Huang Zhuan asked about the situation of the meeting. I said that the battle was not done well and I was a little right-leaning, and that was nothing. Why do they know how to deal with the meeting? Did the central government talk with them? If it was negotiated by the central government, why should I be asked? He also said, Chairman Zhang knows you very well. I said, I had never met before. He also talked about the current strategic policy, "If you want to expedition in the north, you must first expedition in the south." I said that was the rear of Kong Ming consolidating Shu Kingdom. He also said how powerful the Northwest Ma family cavalry is.
Combining the above, knowing that the purpose of coming is not good, Huang is here to be a lobbyist. Later, Chen Changhao, the political commissar of the Red Fourth Front Army, specifically found Nie Rongzhen for a conversation. When asked about the Zunyi Conference and the Council of the Council, Nie Rongzhen said without hesitation: "I have already developed an attitude to the Zunyi Conference, and I have also developed an attitude to the Council of the Council of the Council. I agree and support both meetings."
Zhang Guotao stayed on Fulan for three days, busy talking to various people; Mao Zedong was busy deploying the upcoming Battle of Songpan.
After the two fronts met, the 100,000 troops finally moved north from different directions and locations after delaying for too long.
Mao Zedong and his party followed the left army to march.
Mao Zedong and Zhang Guotao in Yan'an (data picture)
Zhang Guotao may have realized that the re-reshuffle of the leadership of the CPC Central Committee has become possible
1 After the Lianghekou meeting, in order to strengthen the understanding and friendship between the First and Fourth Front Army, the CPC Central Committee sent a central condolence group to the Red Fourth Front Army, and the leader was Li Fuchun, acting director of the General Political Department of the Red Army. The place where the
condolence group went is called Zagu Nao, which is the location of the Soviet Union in Sichuan Province. When the condolence group set off, Zhang Guotao also left Fubian. He wanted to return to the front headquarters in Maoxian, but after hearing about the condolence group's actions, he rushed to Zagunao directly.
Zhang Guotao was a little worried about this condolence group. Or rather, he was a little worried about the current central government.
At this time, Zhang Guotao's mood was completely different from before the two main forces of the Red Army met. Moreover, it is difficult for him to deny that the motivation for change should be the word "power". This change is likely to have begun after the Red Fourth Front Army broke through the Tumen Pass and arrived in Maoxian. Before, Zhang Guotao was not very clear about the situation of the Central Red Army, but as the two Red Army finally shared a common province in China, the possibility of rendezvous became increasingly obvious. Therefore, the Red Fourth Front Army and the Central Red Army began frequent telegram contacts, and these telegrams finally made Zhang Guotao understand that the Central Red Army suffered huge losses, and the nearly 100,000 troops left after the Long March was nearly 30,000. Once this judgment is clear, as one of the founders of the Communist Party of China and a veteran Communist in the party, when the two main Red Army troops were about to merge, Zhang Guotao may have realized that a re-reshuffle of the leadership of the CPC Central Committee was possible.
The reason why Zhang Guotao paid special attention to the Zunyi Conference and the Council Meeting is that both of these meetings involved the issues of the supreme leader of the Party and the supreme command of the Red Army.
The Central Condolences Group of the Communist Party of China arrived at Zagunao. Under the arrangement of Zhang Guotao and Chen Changhao, the condolences group was warmly received, but their actions were also restricted by "passion" - Zhang Guotao's method was to "accompany". The Central Condolences Group had a dedicated person to accompany them for dinner and walks, and they were minimized in contact with cadres of the Red Fourth Front Army.
Central Condolences Group talked to Zhang Guotao, and Zhang Guotao's words surprised Li Fuchun. Zhang Guotao said: "The two armies met and the stall was too big. In order to facilitate unified command, the General Command must be reorganized and the General Command must be strengthened." At one o'clock in the morning of July 6, Li Fuchun sent a telegram to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: Zhu, Zhou, Wang, Mao, Zhang:
Guotao came here to meet Xu and Chen. Everyone's opinions were made by the commander-in-chief acting quickly and resolutely fighting Hu as an urgent task, and was particularly concerned about the issue of unified organization. If the party explained the specific opinions, it would be a suggestion to enrich the General Command. Xu and Chen participated in the work of the General Command, with Xu as the deputy commander-in-chief and Chen as the general political commissar; the Central Military Commission established a standing committee member to determine strategic issues. I think this matter is important, so I hope to consider it first. Reply immediately.
Fuchun
Zhou En said that this is the first time since the founding of the Communist Party of China, someone has reached out to ask the central government for power.
does not give Zhang Guotao a "official" who repeatedly demands power. The Red Army will face a greater crisis.
On July 9, a telegram signed by the "CCP Sichuan-Shaanxi Provincial Committee" arrived. The telegram suggested strengthening the General Command and adding a member of the Standing Committee of the Military Commission:
Party Central Committee:
According to the current situation, the Provincial Party Committee has the following suggestions: In order to unify command and act quickly to attack the enemy, the General Command must be strengthened. Comrade Xiang Qian was appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief, Comrade Changhao was appointed as the general political commissar, and Comrade Enlai was appointed as the chief of staff. The Military Commission has one chairman, and Comrade Zhu De is still the same as the Standing Committee member, and decides military strategy issues. Please make sure the Central Political Bureau decides and moves quickly. And hope to recover immediately.
Buli
CCP Sichuan-Shaanxi Provincial Committee: Chunquan, Ruilong, Huang Chao, Qinqiu, Weihai, Fuzhi, Yongkang,
9 leaders of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Provincial Committee signed by: Zhou Chunquan, Liu Ruilong, Huang Chao, Zhang Qinqiu, Li Weihai, Xie Fuzhi and Wu Yongkang.
In the history of the Communist Party of China, the first-level provincial party committee required the central government to reorganize the leadership, and proposed specific candidates and required "repair". This telegram is unprecedented. On this day of
, Mao Zedong arrived near Luhua.
The central leaders who arrived in Luhua began to discuss a decision that must be made: What kind of "official" should be given to Zhang Guotao? The preparations for the Songpan battle have reached the last moment. If Zhang Guotao, who has repeatedly demanded power, may have setbacks in the plan to advance north, and the Red Army will face a greater crisis. Mao Zedong believed: "Zhang Guotao is a powerful man, he has ambitions. I don't think he has a considerable position. It is difficult for the First and Fourth Front Army to form a rope." Mao Zedong saw that Zhang Guotao wanted to be the chairman of the Military Commission, but "this position is now served by Commander-in-Chief Zhu, and he cannot replace it. But he is not willing to be the vice chairman, and he is on par with Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang."Zhang Wentian said that he could give up his "the position of General Secretary to him." Mao Zedong flatly denied it. He said that Zhang Guotao "If you want to seize military power, you may not be satisfied with it if you are the general secretary; but if you really put him on this throne, it will be troublesome." After repeated weighing, Mao Zedong said to Zhang Wentian: "Let him be the general political commissar." Doing so considers Zhang Guotao's request, but fails to completely capture military power. It is the only way to have the best of both worlds. While discussing with Zhou Enlai, the current general political commissar of the Red Army, Zhou Enlai, was having a high fever. Liu Ying, a female Red Army soldier who was in love with Zhang Wentian at that time, later recalled that Zhou Enlai "did not care about his personal position at all and completely agreed to such an arrangement."
On July 1, an enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee was held in Luhua.
Reed Flower Conference has only one content: Solve organizational problems. Zhang Wentian, who presided over the meeting, first put forward the Central Committee's opinions on solving organizational problems: the Military Commission has established the Commander-in-Chief, with Zhu De as the General Political Commissar; Zhang Guotao is the General Political Commissar and the General Head of the Military Commission. The Central Military Commission has a standing committee member, which used to be four, but now Chen Changhao is added. Zhou Enlai was transferred to work in the central government. But before Zhang Guotao was familiar with the work, Zhou Enlai temporarily helped him work. After the announcement of
, everyone asked to discuss it - in fact, it was listening to Zhang Guotao's reaction.
Zhang Guotao, who wanted to be the chairman of the Military Commission, certainly understood that he was an absolute minority at this meeting and he could not put forward his opinion on being the chairman of the Military Commission. He had no choice but to agree. Therefore, Zhang Guotao expressed "basically agree."
Author: Wang Shuzeng
Edited by: Jin Jiuchao
