In early 1916, the 16th Mixed Brigade of Feng Yuxiang was favored by Yuan Shikai because of his contribution to fighting the National Guarding Army, and the team expanded into five regiments. Feng Yuxiang was full of energy and called the five regiment commanders of his subordinates "Five Tigers" and the thirteen trusted battalion commanders of his subordinates "Thirteen Taibao". This is the origin of the so-called Five Tigers of the Northwest Army, the Thirteen Taibao. These eighteen Feng Yuxiang's confidants also developed into core members of the Northwest Army, and their status is much higher than Yang Hucheng, Ji Hongchang, Sun Dianying, , Ma Hongkui, , , Ma Hongkui, Pang Bingxun and others who later joined the Northwest Army.
The five tigers of the Northwest Army are: Zhang Zhijiang , Li Mingzhong , Song Zheyuan , Lu Zhonglin, Liu Yufen ;
The Thirteen Taishang of the Northwest Army are: Sun Liangcheng, Sun Lianzhong, Tong Linge, Liu Ruming , Han Fuju , Shi Yousan , Zhang Weixi, Guo Zhigang, Wen Chenglie, Cheng Xixian, Ge Jinzhang, Zhao Xipin , and Han Duofeng.
1929, Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Army, who participated in the Northern Expedition, reached the peak of military and political influence. At that time, the Northwest Army had nearly 400,000 regular troops, occupying Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places, becoming one of the five giants at that time (after the victory of the Northern Expedition, National Government 5 giants: Chiang Kai-shek , Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren , Zhang Xueliang , Yan Xishan).
1930, because of dissatisfaction with the military adaptation policy of the National Government, local forces united to confront Chiang Kai-shek's Central Army, and the Central Plains War broke out. The Northwest Army's Five Tigers and Thirteen Taibao chose different life paths in the warlord melee, and the endings were also different.
Northwest Army Thirteen Taishang is the thirteen important military figures of Feng Yuxiang's Strength Group. During its heyday, Feng Yuxiang's troops had as many as 400,000. At the end of 1924, after Feng Yuxiang joined forces with Hu Jingyi and Sun Yue, he appointed Feng Yuxiang as the Northwest Border Defense Supervisor. From then on, people called Feng Yuxiang's troops the "Northwest Army". There is the so-called "Thirteen Taishang Guard" in Feng Yuxiang's army. "Taibao" was originally the name of an ancient official position in my country. It was a first-rank official who assisted the emperor and one of the three later ministers. The so-called Taibao in the Northwest Army is obviously a metaphor, which refers to the 13 officers who assisted Feng Yuxiang. These 13 officers were all promoted by Feng Yuxiang. They followed the Feng family for a long time and fought south and north, and were relied on by the Feng family. The 13 officers are: Sun Liangcheng, Sun Lianzhong, Tong Lingge, Liu Ruming, Han Fuju, Shi Yousan, Zhang Weixi, Guo Zhigang, Wen Chenglie, Cheng Xixian, Ge Jinzhang, Zhao Xipin, Han Duofeng .
How the "Thirteen Taibao" is called in the Northwest Army has different opinions, but it is generally believed that it was when Feng Yuxiang was appointed as the commander of the 16th Mixed Brigade of the Army around 1919 when Feng Yuxiang was stationed in Hunan Changde . At that time, he had a group of brave and combat-ready officers under his command, namely: Han Duofeng, battalion commander of the machine gun battalion, Sun Liangcheng, battalion commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 1st Regiment, Han Fuju, battalion commander of the 1st Battalion of the 3rd Regiment, Shi You3, battalion commander of the 3rd Regiment, Zhao Xipin, battalion commander of the 3rd Regiment, Liu Ruming, battalion commander of the 4th Regiment, Tong Linge, battalion commander of the 4th Regiment, and Sun Lianzhong, artillery battalion commander. The rest were also battalion-level officers. These battalion-level officers are especially trusted and relied on by Feng’s family. In addition to envying, the officers and soldiers of Feng's army applied the story of Li Keyong's favorite thirteen taiwan in the Peking Opera "Zhulianzhai" and called 13 officers including Han Fuju and Sun Liangcheng the "thirteen taiwan". The meaning of this name is both joking and ironic.
Feng Yuxiang's 13 "Taiwan Guardians" are mostly born around 1890, younger than Feng Yuxiang. In terms of native place, they are all northerners (towards of Huaihe , collectively called the north). For example, Shi Yousan is from Jilin Province, Guo Zhigang is from Mengcheng Province, Anhui Province, Han Fuju is from Hebei Province, and Han Duofeng is from Shandong Province, and I call them all northerners. In fact, members of Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Army are probably from the north.
The reason why the "Thirteen Taibao" of the Northwest Army was trusted and relied on by the Feng family was that in addition to the tradition of the Northwest Army, these people were able to endure hardships and endure hardships, there were two main reasons: one was that they were brave and good at fighting, and the other was that they all had a certain level of culture.For example, Han Fuju, because his father was a teacher, he read a lot of "Zi Yue, Poetry Yun" near the water tower, and he has mastered good characters (I have seen the characters he wrote), and is not the legendary rude one. Feng Yuxiang has not officially entered any school. After joining the army, he loved studying, so he particularly favored his subordinates who had some cultural backgrounds. Although the "Thirteen Taibao" were not graduates of foreign or Chinese military schools, they all had a certain level of education, which was very prominent among the vast majority of his illiterate or semi-illiterate officers and soldiers. Therefore, they were valued by Feng Yuxiang and gradually promoted them to senior officers. By 1928, when the Northwest Army was renamed the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army, the "Thirteen Taibao" had mostly become senior officers above the division commander.
The 13th Taibao in the Northwest Army was promoted the fastest, including Han Fuju, Sun Liangcheng, Sun Lianzhong, Shi Yousan and Liu Ruming. By the time the Northern Expedition was successfully unified nationwide in 1928, some of them also held local administrative positions, such as Sun Liangcheng as the chairman of Shandong Province, Han Fuju as the chairman of Henan Province, Sun Lianzhong as the chairman of Qinghai Province, and Liu Ruming and Shi Yousan also served as military commanders. Because of this, these five people in the Northwest Army are also called the "New Five Tiger Generals", which is a metaphor for them to be like Guan (Yu), Zhang (Fei), Zhao (Yun), Ma (Chao), Huang (Zhong) and Liu Bei . As for why they are called "New Five Tiger Generals", it is because there are already "old Five Tiger Generals" in the Northwest Army, namely Song Zheyuan, Lu Zhonglin, Zhang Zhijiang, Liu Yufen, and Li Mingzhong. After the Northern Expedition, most of the "Five Tiger Generals" had left the troops and had other appointments. The "New Five Tiger Generals" were better than the Northwest Army.
The Thirteen Taibao of the Northwest Army refers to the thirteen outstanding generals in Feng Yuxiang's army in the Northwest, namely Sun Liangcheng, Sun Lianzhong, Tong Lingge, Liu Ruming, Han Fuju, Shi Yousan, Zhang Weixi, Guo Zhigang, Wen Chenglie, Cheng Xixian, Ge Jinzhang, Zhao Xipin and Han Duofeng.
1, Han Fuju
Han Fuju left home at the age of 19 to make a living, and later joined the army camp. He made his fortune by being good at fighting and also being well-versed in literature and writing. He fought fiercely and rushed through the barriers and killed generals in the Northern Expedition War. He was the first general to lead his army to attack the city of Beijing. People at that time called him "Flying General". Before the Central Plains War, Feng Yuxiang and surrendered to Chiang Kai-shek, Han Fuju defeated the Jin army in Shandong and consolidated the front line for Chiang Kai-shek. After ruling Shandong, Han Fuju vowed to "turn Lu into Qi". He clarified the administration of officials, banned smoking, and suppressed bandits, and vigorously developed Shandong's education, built model new villages, and called on Shandong rural areas to vigorously learn from model villages to promote economic security.
In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), Han Fuju flatly rejected the Japanese's plan to "Five North China Provinces Autonomy". After the July 7 Incident, the full-scale war of resistance broke out. Han Fuju personally commanded on the front line, carrying out night attacks on Sangyuan Station, bloody battles in Dezhou, persistent Linyi , Jiyang encounters, the battle of Tuhai River, the battle of Jinan, and the night attack on Dawenkou. During this period, Han and Chiang Kai-shek had many conflicts. Later, Han Fuju refused to obey the orders of the National Government and evacuated the battlefield in Shandong without authorization. He was arrested in Kaifeng and punished for this. After trial, he was assassinated by Dai Li and spies at the age of 47.
2, Shi Yousan
Shi Yousan (1891-December 1, 1940), whose courtesy name is Hanzhang, from Nong'an, Changchun, Jilin Province, China, Lieutenant General of the National Revolutionary Army. On September 17, 1926, Feng Yuxiang returned to the country with the support of the Soviet Union and the Kuomintang and decided to send troops to support the Northern Expedition. After Wuyuan vowed to fight, he formed a coalition of the National Army. Shi Yousan betrayed Feng Yuxiang and defected to the Jin army, fearing to get revenge, so he took a car to Wuyuan to apologize. When Feng Yuxiang saw him kneeling on the ground and crying, Feng Yuxiang said, "I won't talk about any of the past. I will go to Baotou in two days!" On October 8, the headquarters of the National Army coalition was moved to Baotou. Shi Yousan rebeled from Yan Xishan and joined the National Army coalition and surrendered to Feng Yuxiang again.
After that, he defected to Jiang, Zhang (Zhang Xueliang) and rebelled against Zhang, and fought against Japan and cursed endlessly. In 1938, after Shandong was occupied by Japan, he defected to the Communist Party again.In April 1940, Shi Tomozo was devastatingly attacked by the Eighth Route Army in the battle in southern Hebei, so he turned to the Japanese army and signed a non-aggression agreement with the Japanese commander Sasaki in Kaifeng, and was preparing to surrender to the Japanese army after jointly eliminating the Eighth Route Army. Shi Yousan's sworn brother and subordinate Gao Shuxun were unwilling to be a traitor, so he plotted to assassinate Shi Yousan. On December 1, Gao invited Shi's old commander Sun Liangcheng invited Shi Yousan to Liuxiatun on the grounds of mediating the conflict between Shi Yousan and Gao Shuxun. He kidnapped him in the meeting and then held him in Nanzhai Village. More than ten days later, he used a hemp rope to cover Shi Yousan's neck and buried him alive on the bank of the Yellow River.
3, Sun Lianzhong
Sun Lianzhong (February 3, 1893 - August 14, 1990), whose courtesy name is Funlu, is a Han nationality, from Xiongxian, Hebei, China. A second-level general of the National Revolutionary Army, a famous general of the Anti-Japanese War, was famous both at home and abroad for sticking to the Anti-Japanese War. One of Feng Yuxiang's thirteen Grandmasters. In April 1930, Sun Lianzhong, who was transferred from the East, was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army of Feng's army. He led Gao Shuxun's 12th Division, together with cavalry, artillery, engineers and other troops, to Henan through Longdong and Shaanxi, and left Lei Zhongtian Division to station in Lanzhou to maintain order in the rear.
Sun Lianzhong's view on the upcoming war between Chiang and Feng is: the Northwest Army is not strong enough, the local warlord forces in the rear have not been completely flattened, civil unrest, and bandit activities occur from time to time, and the war is not yet time to fight. If you take a gamble, you will not even have a retreat if you defeat it. However, the obedient character he developed to Feng Yuxiang over the years made him follow the order and devote himself to the battle. After Sun's troops entered Henan, they stationed in Luohe , Taikang, Guide and Anhui , Bozhou and other places. In June, Sun's army fought fiercely with Jiang Fang's He Chengjun and Zhu Shaoliang's army and defeated He and Zhu.
At this time, Sun Lianzhong asked Feng Yuxiang to allow him to go south to capture Wuhan. Feng sent a call to stop him and asked Sun to attack Qixian to break the siege of Bozhou. After the rescue, Sun proposed to advance south, but Feng still refused and asked him to advance eastward to release the siege of Shangqiu. After Shangqiu cleared the siege, he handed it over to Sun Dianying to guard it. In July, the battlefield situation began to turn favorable to Chiang, and Feng Jun worked hard on the Longhai line, hoping to turn the situation around the war based on Zhengzhou. However, Yan Xishan, who originally supported Feng Yuxiang, saw that the situation was hopeless and ordered his troops to withdraw from the main battlefield. Feng's army was alone and retreated to northern Henan. On September 18, Zhang Xueliang sent a telegram to support Chiang and sent a large army to the pass to participate in the war. The failure of Feng's army was a foregone conclusion. In October, Feng Yuxiang left Zhengzhou to head north.
Sun Lianzhong leads his troops to Xinxiang. The Northwest Army supports Lu Zhonglin as the commander-in-chief, Sun as the deputy commander-in-chief, and Gao Shuxun and Zhang Zizhong are under command of Sun. Lu and Sun asked Liu Ji to ask Feng Yuxiang for instructions on what to do next. Feng replied with only four words: "Looking west to Chang'an", which means leading the troops to drive westward. At this time, Lu Zhonglin was also preparing to leave the army and go to Tianjin. Sun Lianzhong rushed to the train to keep him, but Lu insisted on leaving and asked Sun to clean up the remains of the Northwest Army. After returning in a bad mood, Sun Yang wanted to persuade the troops to retreat west, but his subordinates were unwilling to do so. Sun also understood that before the war, the Northwest Army was almost fully deployed, and the Shaanxi-Gansu territory had actually given up, and retreating to the west was also a dead end. After thinking about it, he sent Tian Zhennan, Li Xiantang and Ran Yingu as representatives to Zhengzhou to meet He Yingqin, expressing his willingness to obey the central government and the army waited for the adaptation. On October 18, a power was issued in Xinxiang, stating that in the future, "support the central government, peacefully reunify the country, and never participate in the civil war."
4, Sun Liangcheng
Sun Liangcheng, born in 1893, with his courtesy name Liangchen, is from Jinghai, Tianjin, and joined the army for a young age. He joined Feng Yuxiang's military staff. He has been in Zhifeng, Guofeng, and has been in the Northern Expedition for many battles. He was the "Thirteen Taibao" of Feng Jun and was also called one of the "Five Tiger Generals". When Feng was defeated, he joined the government and ordered him to be the general of the Military Senate. The Anti-Japanese War Army was in full swing, and at that time he was the deputy commander-in-chief of the Hebei-Chahar War Zone and the deputy commander-in-chief of the 39th Army. He led his troops to more than 10,000 troops to join Wang Jingwei. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Second Front Army and moved to Yangzhou. The Japanese riots were pacified and returned to the right, and the deputy commander of the First Pacification Zone and commander of the 107th Army was released. At the Battle of Xu and Beng, he led the army headquarters and the first division of Jiangsu to surrender. He also asked to go to Bengbu to surrender the garrison Liu Zhi, but failed, and was imprisoned in prison.
5, Zhang Weixi
Zhang Weixi (1889-1944), the courtesy name is Chuyu, , Shandong Pavilion , from Tao County.The general of the Northwest Army, one of Feng Yuxiang's thirteen Taishang, disbanded his troops and returned to Tianjin to live in seclusion after the Central Plains War in 1930. In 1936, he was summoned to Nanjing for study by the Military Commission of the National Government. After graduating from Changsha in 1938, he was appointed as a general senator of the Military Committee of the National Government and a supervisor of the Guiyang Military Training Department. Because his father and wife were arrested by the Japanese and puppets, he went to Kaifeng in the spring of 1943 to solve the hostage problem and was detained by Sun. The Japanese and puppets tried to appoint him as the deputy commander of the second front army of Wang Puppets. He refused to accept the order and was later poisoned by the Japanese and puppets to die in Baiyun Temple, Taizhou, Jiangsu at the age of 55.
6, Liu Ruming
Liu Ruming, a general of the Kuomintang army, made military achievements in the War of Resistance Against Japan. In June 1946, the Liberation War began. Liu Ruming's troops were constantly hit by the People's Liberation Army and suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Huaihai. After that, Liu was passive and tried his best to avoid the war. When Xiamen was liberated, Liu Quanjun was annihilated. In October 1949, he retired to Taiwan with only a few people and retired in 1952. After liberation, his real estate in Tianjin was managed by the Tianjin Municipal People's Government. In his late years, his brother Ruzhen and his eldest son Tiejun and others moved to the United States. He had very few relatives around him, and his decades of robes left before him. His loneliness and desolation always lingered in his heart, often making him indulge in the past, and wrote articles such as "Memoirs of Liu Ruming", "Remembering Comrades in Qiqi", "Jiqi Reminiscing of Comrades in Qiqi", "Jiqi Anti-Japanese War and the Twenty-Ninth Army". In "Qiqi Recalling Comrades", he recalled the past because most people died in the mainland, so he was concerned about the mainland, missing both his old friends and his hometown. The last sentence of the article is: "We are still separated from humans and gods, and I will come to your spirits to sacrifice to you." Liu Ruming, who has been a soldier for a lifetime and was born in a straitor, passed away in Taipei on April 28, 1975.
7, Tong Linge
Tong Linge, during the July 7 Incident, commanded the 29th Army to fight against the war, bloody Nanyuan, and die heroically. He was the first senior general to sacrifice his life on the battlefield after the outbreak of the full-scale war of resistance. The Kuomintang was posthumously awarded the second-level general of the Army. Tong Linge participated in the War to Protect the Country and Fight against Yuan in his early years. He was the commander of the 21st Mixed Brigade of the 11th Division of Feng Yuxiang's Army. After Wuyuan vowed to the battle in September 1926, he followed his troops to participate in the Northern Expedition. Since 1928, he has served as the commander of the 35th Army of the 2nd Army of the National Revolutionary Army, the commander of the 11th Division, and the deputy commander of the 29th Army. In 1933, he led his troops to participate in the Great Wall War of Resistance and achieved a great victory in Xifengkou. In May of the same year, he joined the Chahar Anti-Japanese Allied Army, served as the commander of the First Army and acting chairman of Chahar Province. He followed Feng Yuxiang to travel to Chahar Province, attacked the Japanese army, recovered lost territories, and made contributions to the liberation of Chahar Province. On the same day, the enemy invaded Tuanhe by Langfang , and the army and air forces were mobilized by Tongxian and Fengtai to attack Nanyuan on the 28th. At that time, the Nanyuan Guards had more than 5,000 people, including the 29th Army Guard Brigade, a part of the 9th Cavalry Division, a military training regiment, and a military training class for Pingjin University Students. Tong Linge vowed to persevere. Seeing that the Japanese army could not capture it for a long time, they sent planes to assist in the war. In the bombing of enemy planes, Tong Linge, who was commanding the battle with wounds, was hit hard again in the head and finally died heroically at the age of 45.
8. The outline of the past
The outline of the past, from Mengcheng, Anhui. In 1912, he was recruited by Feng Yuxiang into the left-wing preparation army and served as the platoon leader of the model company of Feng's troops. He served as the leader of the 44th regiment in 1922. During the Beijing coup, he served as the commander of the 2nd Brigade of the 1st Division of the National Army. He served as the commander of the 15th Army in 1929. After the failure of the Central Plains War, he did not surrender to Chiang and hid in Shanxi with Song Zheyuan. Later, he went to Han Fuju to serve as the Senate of the Shandong Provincial Senate. His brother Guo Zhihan is also an important member of Feng's army and has been managing financial work for a long time in the Northwest Army.
9, Ge Jinzhang
Ge Jinzhang, whose courtesy name is Zhongwen, is from Anhui. One of Feng Yuxiang's thirteen Grandmasters. He was once the squad leader and battalion commander of Feng Yuxiang's model company. When he was the leader of the regiment in 1924, he participated in the Yongding River flood control and rescue activities. Later he served as the commander of the 7th Mixed Brigade of the Central Committee of the First National Army. After the Central Plains War, he was entrusted to Han Fuju and served as the Senate of the Shandong Provincial Senate.
10, Zhao Xipin
Zhao Xipin (1878-1957), whose courtesy name is Guozhen, , Baoding City , from Zhaojiazhuang. Zhao Xipin and Liu Yufen were cousins. They went to school in the village when they were young. In the 24th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1898), they joined Yuan Shikai's Wuwei Right Army and were soon promoted to the post office.In May of the 28th year of the Guangxu period (1902), he entered the General Academy of the Beiyang Army Camp in Baoding. After graduating in the spring of the 29th year of the Guangxu period (1903), he returned to the Wuwei Right Army as the deputy team officer, and Feng Yuxiang as the team officer. In the second year of Xuantong (1910), he served as the company commander of the 80th standard of the 40th association of the 20th town of Beiyang and the battalion commander of the 16th mixed brigade. In 1918, he served as regiment commander and major general brigade commander of the 8th Cavalry Brigade of the Northwest Army. In 1924, he followed Feng Yuxiang to participate in the Beijing coup, completely abolished the emperor's title, and completed the unfinished task of "drive away the emperor" in the Revolution of 1911. In August 1925, he served as a member of the Gansu Provincial Government, Hezhou Governor, Director of the Gansu Provincial Police Department, Director of the Provincial Police Department, Major General of the National Army stationed in Gansu Province, Acting Chairman of Gansu Province, and in May 1930, he served as Lieutenant General of Feng Yuxiang's army, and later as Lieutenant General of the 13th Army and Commander of the Xi'an City Defense Command, and participated in the Central Plains War. After the Central Plains War, Feng Yuxiang stepped down and Zhao also resigned from his post. During his unemployment, he was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the commander-in-chief of the Hunan Communist Suppression, but Zhao did not take office on the grounds of being ill. He died of illness in Beijing in 1957.
11, Wen Chenglie
Wen Chenglie (1889-1976), a native of Weihai, Shandong. Wen Chenglie graduated from Army University in his early years. He once served as Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Army and was the squad leader of the left reserve army. Later, he served as the platoon, company, battalion and regiment commander of the 16th Mixed Brigade. After 1923, he served as regiment commander, brigade commander, director of the Northwest Army Station, and deputy commander of the Seventh Army. In 1926, he served as the head of the officer instructor of the National First Army. In 1927, he served as the director of the Second Army Station. He has a close personal relationship with Han Fuju. In 1929, Han Fuju Gan Tang advanced eastward and rebelled against Feng and surrendered to Jiang. Wen Chenglie, Li Xingzhong and others were threatened by Han Gu, and they were almost killed because they did not want to betray Feng. He was appointed mayor of Jinan in March 1931. Later he served as a senior consultant of the Shandong Provincial Government. After Han became the chairman of Shandong Province, the Commission was the mayor of Jinan and worked until he resigned due to illness in 1936. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as the lieutenant general of the corps station department of the Sixth War Zone. In November 1946, he was elected as a representative of the (Constitutional) National Congress. After liberation, he served as a central cultural and historical clerk.
12, Cheng Xixian
Cheng Xixian, one of Feng Yuxiang's thirteen Taishang Guards. In 1926, he served as the commander of the 2nd Brigade of the 1st Division of the 6th Army of the National Army. In 1928, he served as the commander of the 29th Division of the Second Army. After 29 years, he served as a senior consultant of the Shandong Provincial Government and was highly respected by Han. In 1930, he served as the head of the Military Education Corps of the Third Route Army. In his early years, he lost his right arm due to combat, but he still had a big round of loops on the horizontal bar. His shooting skills were extremely accurate and he loved Peking Opera. In 1931, he was appointed commander of Shiyou's third division. He was the brigade commander of the North Hebei Security Team at the time of the Lugou Bridge Incident. In 1932, he served as the commander of the Jinan Garrison. After the Central Plains War, he followed Han Fuju, and later organized an army to operate in eastern Hebei with Shi Yousan. He served as the chief of the Tianjin police station and defected to the Japanese during the War of Resistance.
13, Han Duofeng
Han Duofeng, whose name is Xiuyan (1888-1987). He began to serve in the Beiyang Army of the Qing Dynasty in 1907. In 1914, he followed General Feng Yuxiang and participated in the Luanzhou Uprising, the anti-Zhang Xun restoration, the Second Zhi-Feng War and the "Beijing Coup". In the spring of 1938, Han Duofeng was appointed as the administrative inspector and security commander of the Fourth District of Shandong Province. During his tenure, he insisted on working closely with the Eighth Route Army and working together to fight against Japan. More than a dozen young Communist Party cadres, including Zhu Muzhi, Zang Kejia, Lv Zhonghua, , and more than a dozen young Communist Party cadres dispatched by the Eighth Route Army Office in Xi'an, founded the Anti-Japanese Military and Political School in Northwest Shandong and . After liberation, he served as a representative of the Shandong Provincial People's Congress and a member of the Shandong Provincial CPPCC. During the "Great Leap Forward" in the 1950s, he was classified as a rightist for helping the Party rectify the movement, and was persecuted again for ten years. Fortunately, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China set things right and implemented policies to rehabilitate them. In his later years, Mr. Han was bathed in spring breeze under the care of the party organization.
