Pertussis is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Bautebacterium pertussis. It is highly contagious and seriously endangeres children's health. Whooping cough usually occurs in winter and spring and late spring and early summer. The incubation period is 2-21 days, usually 7-10 days. With the popular vaccination of diphtheria and tetanus vaccine, whooping cough once decreased significantly, but the incidence has increased in recent years.
Main symptoms
Typical pertussis has three processes: prodromal stage, spasmodic cough stage, and recovery stage. The initial symptoms are respiratory symptoms, such as low fever, runny nose, conjunctival congestion, tears and mild cough, etc., which lasts about 1-2 weeks, which is called the prodromal period. After that, the cough became worse, the cough continued to stop, the head and neck veins were congested, the face was red, the ears were cyanotic, and the upper lip was runny and the nose was runny. The coughing then stops, and a large amount of mucus or pus sputum is removed from the trachea, accompanied by vomiting. At this time, due to the lack of oxygen in the lungs, you have to take a long breath and make a special and high-profile roar like a chicken. This attack occurs several times a day, as many as ten times, lasting about 2 to 6 weeks or longer, which is the spasm cough period. There is generally no fever during the spasmodic period. If there is a high fever, there may be secondary infection. After entering the recovery period, the patient's coughing times decreased significantly until the coughing disappeared and gradually returned to normal. However, children and adults with a history of whooping cough vaccination have generally atypical symptoms. The primary infection of newborns and infants of young age does not have obvious spasm and cough. It can be manifested as respiratory suffocation and cough attacks.
susceptible population
people are generally susceptible. Whooping cough mainly occurs in children under 15 years old, especially among children within 1 year old. In recent years, the age of whooping cough has been on the rise.
Prevention and response
vaccination: vaccination with the ingredients of pertussis is the most effective measure to prevent pertussis.
hygiene: Try to avoid going to crowded places and wearing masks when going out; ventilate the room frequently and keep the environment clean; adults pay attention to maintaining hygiene and avoid carrying bacteria to spread to children.
Isolation and treatment: Once infected with whooping cough, it should be isolated and treated. The isolation period is generally 30 days after the occurrence of spasm cough to prevent infection to others.
Enhance immunity: Enhance exercise, work and rest on time, and have enough sleep.
Source: Shandong Disease Control
