A 37-year-old Mr. Liu has good living habits and feels that his throat is not smooth occasionally, so he can't sing high notes when singing with his friends. One day, when I scratched it, I felt a protrusion about 2 cm on my right neck. I underwent an ultrasound examination on the neck and found that there was an uneven mass about 3 cm and slight calcification of the right thyroid gland. I further performed a puncture examination and confirmed it to be a malignant tumor. Therefore, the right thyroid and isthmus were removed and lymphatic dissection of the right central area was performed. After the
operation, I received radioiodine 131 treatment and my current recovery is good.
Clinical statistics show that the incidence rate of thyroid nodules is between 20-60%. Some people have obtained a physical examination report and found that it is suspected to be a thyroid nodule. They need to go to the hospital for further examination. If they are worried, they will search online. As a result, they will see various names such as thyroid nodules, thyroid cysts, and thyroid tumors. They are quite confused. Is it the same disease or is there any difference?
has thyroid nodules, which can be large or small. Good or bad should be identified as soon as possible. The thyroid gland is the endocrine organ of the human body. It secretes thyroid hormone, which is responsible for the metabolism, growth and development of the whole body. The thyroid function will change abnormally with changes in age, gender, pregnancy, mood, stress, and living environment. If you find that thyroid nodules cannot be ignored, you need to do an identification examination first to find out whether it is benign or malignant.
thyroid swelling may be caused by thyroid inflammation or cell hyperplasia. This type of abnormal nodule swelling is mostly benign mass, and a few are malignant tumors. If only one nodule appears, it is called a single nodule. More than one nodule is a multiple nodule. The reason for the occurrence is related to family inheritance, autoimmune diseases, insufficient iodine intake, goiter substances contained in drinking water or food, and radiation exposure to the head and neck.
Abnormal thyroid nodules are mainly divided into three categories:
abnormalities found on thyroid ultrasound examination, which can be roughly divided into thyroid cysts, thyroid nodules or goiter.
thyroid cyst
refers to the discovery of cysts in the thyroid gland, which generally contains liquids. The contents are mainly bleeding, viscous glial or cell tissue fluid, which may be caused by blood vessel bleeding in the nodules or glial secretion of thyroid cells. If there is continuous increase, affecting the appearance, and causing pain or pressure sensation of bleeding cysts, you can consider using a fine needle to extract the liquid to reduce the cyst, reduce the feeling of compression, and then follow up and observe; for cysts that are too large, with compression symptoms or recurrence, surgery or other treatment methods can be considered.
thyroid nodules
refers to solid tumors of the thyroid gland, which are divided into benign nodules and malignant nodules. Most of the nodules are benign tissues. If the benign nodules have no malignant characteristics and no symptoms of compression, it is generally the main focus of tracking and observation. Although thyroid nodules are mostly benign, they should not be ignored, but should pay attention to the changes in the nodules. According to clinical experience, when the nodule grows rapidly, or the size of the nodule exceeds 4 cm, or the nodule affects the appearance, or shows compression symptoms, or even has hoarse voices and difficulty breathing and swallowing, surgical resection treatment needs to be considered.
Gothyroid
Commonly known as large neck disease, it refers to the diffuse and uniform increase of the entire thyroid gland.
benign thyroid nodules should still be performed regularly. Ultrasound examinations are still required. They are abnormally hyperplasia in the tissues. They need to be diagnosed through blood drawing, ultrasound, puncture cells and other examinations. If they are shown to be benign tissue, they are determined not to be malignant tumors and do not affect thyroid function, or the mass is not large enough to compress the esophagus or trachea, and treatment may never be required; however, there are still very small malignant cells that may not be found, and it is not ruled out that the nodules may increase in the future. Regular review and ultrasound examinations must be performed. As long as they are found to be larger or hardened, they need to be actively treated. When you touch a thyroid mass, such as benign thyroid nodules, do you have to undergo surgery?
This is not necessarily true! What conditions require surgery? There are three types:
, suspected malignant tumor
When the doctor diagnosed, he found that the thyroid gland was hard or the surface was irregular through palpation, and the patient may have hoarse voice, vocal cord paralysis or enlarged lymphatic neck. When ultrasound or CT examination shows that the nodules are calcified, or pathologically showing a high risk of malignancy, consider surgery to prevent delayed treatment.
. It affects the appearance or has discomfort symptoms
Some patients have tumors that compress the trachea and esophagus, which may affect the patient's breathing and swallowing, resulting in a strong sense of discomfort. At this time, surgery can be used to relieve it to avoid the tumor becoming larger in the future, increasing the difficulty of surgery and complications.
. When symptoms of hyperthyroidism occur, but the drug treatment is still poorly controlled.
Some people with asymptomatic benign thyroid nodules are more worried about the nodules and still want to be removed. Generally, doctors recommend unilateral surgical removal rather than bilateral resection. Keeping one side of the thyroid nodules can maintain the original function of the thyroid gland.
On the contrary, some patients are worried that it will affect the sound after removal of the thyroid. In fact, the chance of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve caused by removal of the thyroid is only about 1-2%. The recurrent laryngeal nerve mainly controls the movement of the laryngeal vocal cords. When damaged, it will cause hoarseness and easy choking when swallowing. Fortunately, most of the hoarseness can be gradually improved, and can also be improved through sound treatment.
The treatment effect of thyroid cancer is good
Many patients will be afraid and worried about their health if they know that they have thyroid cancer. In fact, thyroid cancer is a relatively low-malignant tumor, which can be cured and is also one of the cancers with a better prognosis. cancer survival time is generally based on 5 years, but thyroid cancer is based on 10 years, and the survival rate exceeds 90%. Patients can generally return to normal life when they are detected, diagnosed and treated early.
Thyroid cancer is divided into several types according to the cell morphology, including breast cancer, follicular cancer, medullaal cancer and undifferentiated cancer.
Among them, the proportion of mastoid cancer is the highest, accounting for about 8.5-90%; follicular cancer accounts for about 10%. Because the cell differentiation of these two cancers is relatively good, regular review and active treatment will not have much impact on the patients' normal life; medullaal cancer is about 1-2%, and one-quarter of these patients are related to family genetic mutations, with a higher degree of malignancy than other tumors, and are also prone to multiple tumors. What you are most worried about is undifferentiated cancer, accounting for about 1%. Once a tumor of appears, it may exist in a short period of time, and grow rapidly in about 1-3 months. It is generally hard in texture and will quickly invade the surroundings and form metastases. Therefore, the mortality rate of this type of tumor is very high.
thyroid cancer women account for the majority, and men also need to pay attention to
Modern statistics show that the prevalence of thyroid cancer women is higher than that of men.
So, why do women with thyroid cancer account for the majority?
According to statistical research results, among common thyroid diseases, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, goiter, and thyroid nodules, women have more diseases than men, and the older they are, the greater the proportion. It is precisely for this reason that the number of thyroid cancer in women also showed a higher proportion, about 4 times that of men.
However, it does not mean that men will not get sick. If a man finds a tumor on his neck, his voice is hoarse, etc., it is also necessary to pay attention to it. Rule out the possibility of the disease and go to the corresponding department for examination as soon as possible. For example, you can consider going to the otolaryngology or surgery department. Modern examination equipment can find problems as soon as possible. Even if you don’t have thyroid problems, you should worry about the effects of other diseases.
The real reason for thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer is not yet clear, but statistical research believes that family inheritance is one of them. About 10% of people have family inheritance problems. Therefore, if family members have thyroid nodules or have thyroid cancer, then this type of people should also pay more attention and need to undergo physical examinations and observations every year.
In addition, among known reasons, radiation can also cause effects and damage to the thyroid gland. For example, the radiologist in the hospital may be affected by radiation. Similarly, patients should not undergo radiation examinations many times a year. Exceeding a certain radiation dose may also cause cancer. In addition, foods with radiation should also be avoided.
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