Scientific epidemic prevention is related to thousands of households. To fight the new coronavirus, we must first have a comprehensive understanding of the "opponent".
The recent COVID-19 outbreak in various places is closely related to the delta (Delta) mutant strain. With fast transmission speed and high viral load, how powerful is Delta? Are domestic vaccines effective for it? Where can nucleic acid testing be carried out? Regarding the mutant strains, vaccination, nucleic acid testing, scientific protection... we will sort out the answers to you one by one. ■Reporter Li Qi Intern Yang Yisha Compiled
Q1
How powerful is Delta, the protagonist of this round of input-type epidemic?
virus is strong in transmission, more adaptable to the human body, fast replication, and high in vivo loading
Delta mutant strain is currently the main strain of the global new coronary pneumonia epidemic. At the press conference of the State Council’s Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held on August 5, experts introduced the relevant situation of Delta.
delta was first discovered in India in October 2020. It belongs to an mRNA virus and is prone to gene mutations. It can also select some characteristics that are conducive to its own survival and reproduction, and retain them after mutation. It has these new features: the virus is strong, more adaptable to the human body, fast replication, high loading in the body, slow yin conversion, long treatment time, and prone to severe illness.
" Nature " magazine reported that on July 12, a team of researchers from the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China found that the respiratory viral load of people infected with delta strain is 1,260 times that of people infected with the original strain.
Academician Zhong Nanshan said that Delta "rewrites the definition of , close contact with ". In the past, we emphasized that within 1 meter was considered close contact. Now, in the same space, the same unit, and the same building, contacting these patients 4 days before the onset of the disease was considered close contact.
Q2
Is the domestic vaccine effective for Delta? Do you still want to fight?
The existing vaccine still has a good preventive and protective effect
htmlOn July 31, Academician Zhong Nanshan delivered a speech on "The Current Situation and Judgment of the New Coronavirus Epidemic" in Guangzhou. He said that in May, more than 100 patients in Guangzhou's new crown epidemic were infected with the Delta mutant strain, which obtained first-hand information for research, and the results prove that domestic vaccines have protective effects. Preliminary statistics ofshow that the vaccine's protective effect on severe cases is 100%, and the protective effect on moderate, mild and asymptomatic is 76.9%, 67.2%, and 63.2%, respectively.
htmlOn August 5, at the press conference of the State Council’s Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, relevant experts also stated that the existing epidemic prevention and control measures are still effective for Delta. Existing vaccines still have good preventive and protective effects, which can reduce the risk of virus transmission among the population, reduce the transmission power of infected people, and effectively reduce the incidence of severe illness and mortality after infection.Academician Zhong Nanshan called on everyone to get vaccinated as soon as possible.
Q3
What is the overall situation of the epidemic control in Hunan?
has increased the intensity of "two codes" inspection. A total of 67.817 million doses of vaccinated in the province have been vaccinated in
Since Hunan Province reported local asymptomatic infections on July 28, as of August 5, 61 new local confirmed cases have been reported in the province. All confirmed cases and asymptomatic infections are under isolation treatment or medical observation.
html At the press conference of the Hunan Provincial Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held on August 4, Chen Xiaochun, Secretary of the Party Group and Director of the Provincial Health Commission, introduced that since the outbreak of the epidemic, our province's joint prevention and control mechanism has strengthened the overall coordination and dispatch of work, forming a working pattern in which the top leaders of the province, the five-level linkage between provinces, cities, counties, townships and villages, and efficient coordination among various departments and units.In terms of controlling key groups, the province has increased the inspection of health codes and itinerary codes, expanded the scope of nucleic acid testing, and strictly implemented isolation and control of key groups. As of the 4th, a total of 3043,410 regional coordinated data pushed by the State Council’s Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism have been investigated, and a total of 6359,760 cases of nucleic acid testing have been investigated.
is in Zhangjiajie City. From July 29 to August 3, the city has completed two rounds of nucleic acid testing, a total of 809,331 cases; 12 temporary nucleic acid testing laboratories have been established, and the testing capacity has been increased from 20,000 tubes per day to 110,000 tubes.By August 3, a total of 1,564 close contacts were investigated and controlled, and 1,715 close contacts were investigated and controlled. In terms of
vaccination, as of August 3, a total of 67.817 million doses of new crown vaccine were received in the province, of which 35.644 million people received the first dose and 25.53 million people completed the full vaccination. 3,001 vaccination sites have been set up across the province, achieving full coverage of vaccination sites in every street and township.
Next step, our province will continue to expand the scope of vaccination in accordance with the unified deployment of the country, and steadily promote vaccination for 12-17-year-olds on the basis of continuing vaccination for people over 18 years old.
Q4
What should I do if I receive a "close contact" notice from the Disease Control Department?
Do not go out casually, isolate and observe as required, and actively cooperate with the epidemic investigation work
If you receive a notice, you are determined to be a close contact or a "close contact with close contact", do not go out casually, take personal protection, conduct centralized isolation and medical observation as required, and actively cooperate with the isolation control measures and the epidemic investigation work of the disease control department. For children aged 14 and under, special groups with semi-self-care and lack of self-care, home medical observation can be taken, and home medical observation measures should be strictly implemented. The centralized isolation and observation period for close contacts in
is: 14 days after the last time there is no effective protective contact with a case or asymptomatic infected person. It is recommended that close contacts be monitored for home health for 7 days after the quarantine period expires to avoid the transmission of a very small number of cases with long incubation periods; the centralized isolation and medical observation period for "close contacts with close contacts" is determined based on the nucleic acid test results of close contacts.
If you are worried about taking public transportation with confirmed or suspected patients, you can use the "self-examination service for close contacts of peers" launched by national government service platform and National Health Commission to self-determination service. If the query result is a close contact, there is no need to worry too much. Fill in the "independent declaration" on the page truthfully, strengthen self-examination, protection and isolation observation, and assist in the prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia .
Q5
What does "asymptomatic infected person" mean? Need treatment?
is just a virus-carrying state and needs to be centrally quarantined and medical observation in designated hospitals for 14 days
Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Professor Hou Zhouhua introduced that asymptomatic infections are asymptomatic carriers of the virus. In layman's terms, the virus does not have much impact on the human body at this time, it is just the state of carrying the virus. For asymptomatic infections, it is necessary to be quarantined and medically observed in designated hospitals for 14 days. If there are no adverse symptoms during the 14 days of isolation, the nucleic acid test is also negative and can be released from isolation.
The new coronavirus infection is self-limiting. If the autoimmunity is strong enough, the virus can be automatically removed after a period of time in the body. Traditional Chinese medicine or antiviral treatment can also be used for asymptomatic infections, which may shorten the time for the virus to carry.
Isolation and observation of asymptomatic infected persons has two meanings: 1. Prevent it from spreading the virus in the population as a source of infection; 2. Dynamic observation see if it is in the incubation period and whether it will eventually change from asymptomatic infection to a confirmed case.
Q6
What high-techs have appeared in the nucleic acid testing work in our province?
"Falcon" mobile testing vehicle and "Saint Seiya" square cabin laboratory safe and efficient
In this round of epidemic, the temporary nucleic acid test laboratory represented by the "Falcon" mobile testing vehicle and the "Saint Seiya" nucleic acid testing laboratory has greatly contributed to the nucleic acid testing work in Hunan Province.
Since the afternoon of July 30, Jinyu Medical Changsha Laboratory dispatched the "Falcon" mobile testing vehicle to Zhangjiajie, as of August 3, the city has temporarily established 13 temporary nucleic acid testing laboratories. At present, Zhangjiajie, Zhuzhou , and Ningxiang have successively launched temporary nucleic acid test laboratories to speed up the speed of nucleic acid testing.
Two "Saint Seiya" mobile cabin laboratories in Changsha City were officially put into use on the evening of August 4. The daily test volume of the two laboratories is 10,000 tubes. According to the current "10 Mix 1" universal screening strategy of Changsha, the daily test volume can reach 100,000 units.
Take "Saint Seiya" as an example. It has 4 working areas, namely reagent preparation area, sample preparation area, amplification area, and disinfection area. It is equipped with a sample cup processing system, a fully automatic pipetting workstation, a fully automatic nucleic acid extraction system, a fully automatic medical PCR analysis system, etc. After the test sample enters the laboratory, it has "zero contact" with the experimental operator to eliminate infection and biosafety risks. After the
sample is collected, it is transported in the entire process with double-layer closed cold chain and directly enters the square cabin laboratory. After each batch of samples to be tested is delivered, professional specimen logistics personnel open the silver metal transfer window in the reception area of the temporary cabin and then transfer it to a laboratory separated by a wall. Afterwards, the specimens were tested by nucleic acid detectors wearing protective clothing in the square cabin. It is understood that the storage solution in the sample storage tube contains guanidine salt components and can quickly inactivate possible viruses. Subsequently, the sample directly enters the sample preparation area of the square cabin for information verification and nucleic acid extraction. A fully automatic nucleic acid extractor is placed in the sample preparation area of
. Nucleic acid samples are extracted in groups. Only 4 testers need to be equipped with 15 minutes to enter the next step, greatly improving the detection efficiency.
is installed with nucleic acid detection instruments in the amplification and product analysis area. After each batch of samples is tested, data is generated and entered into automated analysis. When suspicious samples appear, the instrument will issue an early warning, and the detector will conduct manual review and conduct secondary nucleic acid testing on the suspected samples to ensure the accuracy of the test results of each batch of samples.
Q7
What happened to receive a "medium risk" text message notification? What should I do if the health code turns yellow?
When receiving a text message notification and the health code turns yellow and red, you should immediately report to the community and other communities
Recently, citizens reported that they received a text message "Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention". The Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention stated that this is a message sent through big data screening. Big data shows that you may have contact with COVID-19 cases or asymptomatic infections, or may be exposed to environments or items contaminated by the COVID-19 virus. After receiving the text message, please immediately report to the local community (village) or county-level Disease Control Center and cooperate with relevant epidemic control measures. After receiving a personal report on "red and yellow codes", the community or county-level disease control center will conduct an epidemiological investigation and take prevention and control measures in accordance with relevant epidemic prevention requirements. Please actively cooperate.
So, under what circumstances will the green health code and itinerary code turn yellow and red? What should I do if my color changes?
Disease control experts said that residents in high and medium-risk areas will automatically change to the corresponding color from the day the area is designated as high and medium-risk areas. After the risk zone is downgraded, the color of the health code will also change. After a green code enters the high and medium-risk zone, as long as you stay for 1 hour and the mobile phone is in the power-on state and can receive communication and roaming information, the health code will automatically change to the corresponding color.
Citizens should continue to pay attention to their health code and itinerary. Once they find that they turn red and yellow, they must report to their community as soon as possible and take various prevention and control measures as required.
In addition, after the patient recovers or is released from quarantine, and is in Hunan Province, please contact the district and county disease control department to submit a complaint letter to decode it. Personnel outside the province can report to the local CDC, and the local complaints to the Hunan Provincial CDC and Hunan Province 12320 to change the code.
Q8
Where can nucleic acid testing be performed in Changsha? What should you pay attention to when doing nucleic acid testing?
There are 215 sampling and testing points in Changsha. Protect and maintain a safe distance while waiting. Experts from the Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention introduced that for nucleic acid testing, you must bring your ID card before going out, wash your hands and wear a mask correctly. It is best to prepare another mask, and you can carry no-wash disinfectant or no-wash alcohol with you so that your hands can be disinfected in time after the sampling is finished.
It is recommended to walk, ride or take a private car when traveling. If you must take public transportation, wear a mask correctly throughout the journey, try to maintain a safe distance along the way, avoid touching public facilities and items with your hands, and do not touch your eyes, ears, nose, mouth, etc. with your hands.
arrives at the sampling point and queues to maintain a safe distance. Wear a mask throughout the journey and do not talk to others.When receiving pharyngeal swab sampling, remove the mask and fold it into a plastic bag and put it in a pocket. When collecting throat swabs , try to relax, tilt your head back, take a deep breath, and open your mouth and make a sound of "ah". If you want to cough, sneeze or vomit during the collection process, remember not to face people, face the ground or prepare tissues.
Currently, Changsha City's second-level or above comprehensive hospitals, township health centers and community health service centers have basically set up nucleic acid sampling points, and there are 215 new coronavirus sampling and testing points in the city.
It should be noted that Changsha Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the disease control departments of various districts, counties and cities do not accept nucleic acid testing appointments for ordinary citizens.
Q9
If there is early clinical manifestations, does it mean that you have been infected? Under what circumstances do you need to seek medical treatment?
does not mean infection, but if you have a history of travel in medium and high-risk areas, you should check
Provincial Disease Control and Prevention said that fever, fatigue, and dry cough does not mean that you have been infected.
However, if patients with fever (armel age temperature ≥37.3℃), cough, shortness of breath and other acute respiratory infection symptoms, and have a history of travel in medium and high-risk areas, or have been exposed to patients with fever and respiratory symptoms from these places within 14 days before the onset of the disease, or have a small-scale clustering disease, they should go to the local designated medical institution for investigation and diagnosis and treatment.
When seeking medical treatment, you should truthfully and in detail the disease situation and medical treatment process, especially the doctor should be informed of the recent travel history, the contact history of patients with pneumonia or suspected patients, and the history of animal contact. It should be noted that surgical masks should be worn throughout the diagnosis and treatment process to protect yourself and others.
Q10
What materials and medicines need to be kept in place during the epidemic?
masks and other protective products, wound sterilization and disinfection, etc. can be provided with medical products such as
Provincial disease control experts, and the following personal and family protective products can be provided with a portion of: masks, anti-droplet hats, medical alcohol, hand sanitizer, infrared body temperature detectors, band-aids, cotton gauze and latex gloves, etc.
Personal medical categories: antipyretic pain relievers, wound sterilization, skin bacterial infection (recommended mupirocin ointment, erythromycin eye ointment ), diarrhea drugs (recommended Montmorillonite powder, oral rehydration salt ), heat stroke medicine (recommended Huoxiang Zhengqi Water, Ten Drops of Water), heat clearing and antidote drugs (recommended Lianhua Qingwen Capsules), trauma drugs (recommended Yunnan Baiyao, Zhengsanhua Oil, etc.), as well as cooling oil, VC and other drugs.
Note! These statements are untrue
The protection period for the new crown vaccine is only half a year?
Truth : The "Guiding Principles for Clinical Evaluation of Vaccine for Prevention of New Coronavirus (Trial)" released by the National Drug Administration requires that the new crown vaccines on the market must provide at least 6 months of protection. , deputy director of the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that the protection period of the new crown vaccine is not only half a year, but the vaccination time is still very short, and there is only half a year of data for the time being. At present, relevant departments are still continuing to collect data on antibody levels in the vaccinated population and closely monitor the protective efficacy after vaccination.
Therefore, "the protection period for domestic new crown vaccines is only half a year" is a rumor. "half-year" is just the bottom line for qualification and market launch. How long is the protection period? The time will give the answer.
The new coronavirus has been mutating, is the vaccine useless?
The truth: This statement seems scientific, but there are many problems:
① Many common viruses, including measles virus and rabies virus , are RNA virus , and are also mutating, but the original vaccine is still effective for a long time.
② Since the global pandemic of , in vitro experiments, clinical trials and other research results have been continuously confirmed that the new crown vaccine (including vaccines of various processes) is effective against mutant viruses. For example, in animal tests of the inactivated vaccine in China, it was found that serum produced by the vaccine can neutralize a variety of mutant viruses. For example, vaccines in areas where mutant strains are alternately prevalent in South America also have clear protective effects.
③ WHO chief scientist Sumiya Swaminathan said: The mutation rate of the new coronavirus is much slower than that of influenza virus .
④ Another problem needs to be considered: the direction of mutation is random, and the probability of unfavorable mutation is much higher than that of favorable mutation. It is not as everyone thinks, and it will definitely become more and more powerful.
Therefore, "vaccine is ineffective against mutant viruses" is purely excessive anxiety.
Will the new crown vaccine destroy the human immune function?
The truth: Let's understand how the vaccine works (taking the inactivated vaccine as an example) -
① The virus was beheaded and displayed in public (the pathogenicity was cut off), but she was still wearing clothes from the crime.
②The corpse continued to parade in the streets. Some of the immune cells responsible for patrol observed in detail what the dead virus looked like and what weaknesses it had, and told the other part of the immune cells responsible for defending .
③ The Immune System Security Department began to train special forces (T cell ) to prepare for the next hand-to-hand combat. The workers of the Military Control Department (B cell ) will produce weapons on a large scale to everyone to defend their homes.
④The next time the virus comes, everyone will fight and directly kill the virus.
Therefore, vaccination can "upgrade" your body's virus database and enhance immunity to specific pathogens. It will not only not destroy the body's immune function, but will instead make the immune function better.
[Editor: Chen Shuyi]
[Source: Sanxiang Metropolis Daily]
