Thanks to Mr. Yang Bajin for giving the manuscript
▼
Yang Wanli’s lost article "The Reform of the Luzi Gao of Fuchuan" examining thesis
—Also discussing with Professor Fang Ailong of Hangzhou Normal University
Text丨Yang Bajin
Author profile: Yang Bajin, Deputy Director of the Propaganda Department of Jishui County Party Committee of Jiangxi Province and Chairman of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Member of the Chinese Song History Research Association, Director of the Jiangxi Song History Research Association, Vice President of the Jiangxi Yang Wanli Research Association and Vice President of the Xie Jin Research Association, Member of the Chinese Poetry Society , Member of the Provincial Writers Association, Director of the Ji'an Luling Cultural Research Association, Director of the Zhou Bida Thought Research Association, and inheritor of the provincial "intangible cultural heritage" Yang Wanli story. He has published 20 academic papers, more than 150 articles on the analysis of Luling's literary and historical literature, and more than 100 poems (authors). He has published "A Study on the History of Luling", "A Brief Record of Yang Wanli's Family", "Ji Shui Volume of Jiangxi Local Rare Documents Collection·Ji Shui Volume", and "Annotations of the Family Engraved Version of Chengzhai Poetry Collection", and edited by "Article Jieyi Talks on Xie Jin".
In October 2017, Dean Huang Zhifan of Nanchang University School of Humanities took the lead in compiling the "Jiangxi Local Rare Documents Series", and invited me to participate in the editing group to be specifically responsible for the compilation of "Ji Shui Scroll". The book was published by Jiangxi University Press in June 2018. The first chapter of Chapter 3 "Stone Inscription" is the inscription "The Legend of the Conduct of Luo Zigao of the Reign of Fuchuan Jushi" (page 125, all referred to as "Zigao of the Conduct of Zigao"). Recently, the author browsed " China National Knowledge Infrastructure " and found that the 2021 Journal of Hangzhou Normal University published "The Constitution of Luo Zigao, a lay Buddhist in Fuchuan, written by Yang Wanli in parallel regular script" [1]. The author is Professor Fang Ailong of the School of Fine Arts of the school, about 1,360 words. Because he is engaged in literary research and calligraphy teaching, the article is divided into 5 paragraphs. The first paragraph introduces the basic situation of the stone tablet, the second paragraph introduces the brief of Luo Zigao, the third paragraph talks about the origin of the stone tablet and the conjecture of a missing word, the fourth paragraph introduces the brief of Yang Wanli, and the fifth paragraph introduces the handed down works of Yang Wanli. Because Professor Fang did not append the inscription, the author now copied it and punctuated it as follows:
is the main source of Guizongli, Tongshui Township, Jishui County, Jizhou. My great-grandfather was in charge of his family and did not serve him. The ancestors are generous and do not serve. My father knew he was successful and he would not be an official.
Fuchuan Luo, its original origin is from the Western Mountains of Yuzhang. At the beginning of the country, someone came from the West Mountain to learn from Luling . The mountains and rivers of Fuchuan were beautiful, so he went home. Therefore, the layman called himself Yun with Fuchuan. The layman's name was Chong and his courtesy name was Zigao. He was fourteen years old and was lonely. He followed his ancestors' virtue and carriage and traveled to Changsha. Deyu Shao was a famous scholar of the "Yi" and was very happy that those who liked the yin and yang school were 7 in the evening, and they were burial in the house, which was extremely wonderful. Zi Gao followed it and learned everything. Deyu died, and his son Gao walked in the snow and drove him back. At night, he had the same bed and bed. When he arrived at his house, his family congratulated him and said, "Mr. Ah Weng is back." He carried his clothes off, and then cried and lost his voice. It was because Deyu closed his arms for nine days and then closed his coffin. The virtue and carriage are rich in taboos. At that time, I was fifteen years old, so a filial piety person reached my state. Until now, every time the elders in the village talk about this, those who hear about it still cry and sigh. The son Gao’s mother Liu, his father, Mr. Shanxi and Shangshu Gong, had the method of training his son to foreign families. Since he was widowed, Zigao and his disciple Mao were both unsung, and all three daughters were young. The son Gao worshipped his mother and younger brothers and sisters, and the soldiers were in chaos and plundered the powerful clan. During the □□□, the land and houses were gone. Zi Gao was silenced with his ears, and walked at night and hid in the morning. He told him that he had been reborn for twenty years, and then he was able to regain his career. Therefore, he was rich in his hometown. In the Geng□ year of Shaoxing, the imperial court was in the civil union. After the law is implemented, there are people in the same county and other towns called Renshou Township, and those who want to marry the heavy rent of the land are in Tongshui. Zigao advocated that the crowd compete for the officials. Those who have to be exempted from the taxes in the countryside are the power of Zi Gao. There is a dam in Zigao's hometown called Hangzhou, which originates from Yichun and travels for 300 miles. The pond is one thousand feet wide and one of the twenty-two deep. The turf is eighty-four canals and irrigates two thousand hectares of fields. The dam was abolished for twenty years, and then Gong Yin, the chief of the dam should be restored. However, the labor and money were not worth it. He came to visit the village and returned with a sigh. Zi Gao visited the road and said, "Cheng asked for this." He donated money and paid all his money. He killed the mountain and the mountain, the wood and soil, and the stars were exposed to heat, and the achievements were not long. Therefore, the flow of household registration stopped, and the flow of fields and water stopped. In the fifth year, Zi Gaobu built a mountain at Quankou, and because of his former residence, he withdrew and renovated it. One day, I was so angry that I had to do my best to patrol, and I stood up and passed away. I was seventy-four years old. He is a son of the Shangshu Gong clan. He gave birth to two sons, the eldest was called He and the second was called Mi. Now he was appointed as the official Chengxinlang and the supervisor of Deshou Palace.Mrs. Liu and her eldest son both died in the first son. The four girls, Li Qiyuan, Guo Mi, and Li Shubao, and Ji Nu died before she married. When Zi Gao lived in Fuchuan, the army was in chaos. There was a young man who wanted to kill the two lords. He rushed into Zi Gao's room. Zi Gao hid the two lords, but his body should be less evil than the household, so no one told him. The young man who was evil left and lived. This is his kindness.
It is the first time that his lonely son is buried in Gengshen in August of the seventh year, and he is here to ask for a trip to Gao, and he will beg for the old man of the world to write an inscription. It is best to write books when you are in a high-class marriage. Be cautious.
In June of the seventh year of Qiandao (1171), the cousin, Zuo Fengyilang, and Xin Taichang doctor Yang Wanli reported.
Ouyang Guangqiu.
The author reviewed various versions of " Chengzhai Collection " and " Complete Song Wen " and found that Zigao's conduct and epitaph were not included. Next, by digging local literature, the author examines Zigao's conduct from the aspects of discovery, background analysis, authenticity and falsehood defense, and discusses with Professor Fang Ailong of Hangzhou Normal University.
1. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. Overview of the stone tablet
1. I found that after a certain Saturday in the spring of 2002, Director Li Xilang of Jishui County Museum , and Zhou Yungen of the County Procuratorate, conducted a field survey in the area west of Ganjiang , and arranged for dinner at the home of Xiao Yutai, the secretary of the Party branch of Yunzhuang Village, Huangqiao Town, at noon. After drinking some winter wine in the countryside, everyone walked around the village after dinner. As we all know, Yunzhuang Village was originally named Yangjiazhuang, and it was the hometown of Yang Bangyi, a famous anti-Jin minister in the Southern Song Dynasty. So on the way, he asked the masses whether there were any cultural relics in the village. A villager said that there are two stone tablets built as a ridge bridge 100 meters southwest of the village, and there are many words below. Out of professional sensitivity and sense of responsibility, Director Li hurriedly went to check and found that the two monuments were on the back for villagers to walk, with the front facing downwards, and the soil covered most of the text.
Director Li hurriedly asked about their source. According to Secretary Xiao Yutai, these two monuments were dug out from the grave of the village 500 meters west of the village around 1996. Yunzhuang Village faces mountains in the east and farmland to the west, with a wide view, so the gates of the village houses face west. There is a stream 400 meters in front of the village, and there is a forest next to the northwest of the stream, mostly of camphor tree . Therefore, some villagers chose to open up wasteland around the woods, turning the low-lying area into vegetable gardens, and turning the slightly higher terrain into dry land. During the process of leveling the land, villagers dug up a grave and unearthed these two stone tablets. At that time, the villagers threw the two stone tablets into the thorn bushes under the camphor tree due to the unearthed objects from the tomb. In 2000 AD, due to the need to build a ridge bridge, villagers used a chariot to transport the two stone tablets to make a bridge. Also, because they are stone tablets in the tomb, for the sake of auspiciousness, the villagers will have the words facing downward, and the words facing upward, which makes the words of these two stone tablets basically not damaged.
Everyone quickly turned the two stone tablets over and rinsed them with water for a simple rinse. They found that the author of one of the stone tablets was actually "Yang Wanli". Director Li was as if he had found a treasure, so he immediately communicated with the village party secretary and bought the two stone tablets into the county museum after paying 300 yuan. After identification by cultural relics experts, they are all national-level precious cultural relics.
2. Stone stele shape
The first stele is made of bluestone, with uneven sides and no quotation on the top. There is a previous title in the first column on the left, and the text says, "Therefore, the story of Luo Zigao, a lay Buddhist in Fuchuan." In terms of height, the longest is 120.5 cm and the shortest is 117.5 cm; in terms of width, the upper part is slightly narrow, 57 cm, the middle is slightly wider, 59 cm, and the lower part is 58 cm; the entire stone tablet is uneven in thickness, with the thickest part 3.2 cm and the thinnest part 2.5 cm.
The second stele is made of granite material, with flat and smooth surroundings. It is a semicircle above. It is engraved with a forehead title in seal script . The text says "The Epitaph of Luo Zigao of Song Dynasty". The three sides below and the flat bottom line of the top semicircle are slightly square. The stone tablet is 116 cm high, 78 cm wide, and has a thickness of 7.0-7.5 cm. The first column on the left of the main text is the first title, and the text says: "The tomb of Luo Zigao of the Song Dynasty", without the word "zhi" in the title. All the words on the stone tablet are clear and clear, without a single missing word.
Look at Luo Zigao's stele again. The text is also vertically arranged and engraved. The font is line-by-line , which has a lot of style of Huang Tingjian calligraphy. There are 20 columns of inscriptions, with the title on the left accounting for 1 column, the text on the middle 18 columns, and the signatures of the writer and the stone engraver on the right are combined into 1 column. The text has a total of 732 characters, of which 10 are missing, and the strokes of the other 3 characters have fallen off, but based on the context and some existing strokes have been presumed. There are 41 characters in vertical rows, each character is less than the size of a square inch, the font is clear, the brushstrokes are smooth, and the brushstrokes are vigorous, showing the overall beauty.
3, tomb inscription
In order to better examine the authenticity of Zigao's behavior, the "Epitaph of Luo Zigao of Song Dynasty" is copied and punctuated as follows:
Left Congzhenglang, Xinchai Chongxing Guojun Military Academy Professor Li Sheng wrote
Left Congzhenglang, the new magistrate Yuanzhou Fenyi County affairs in charge of academic affairs, and the public affairs of agricultural affairs Xie Yanshu
Left Chengyilang, Xinquan Tongzong Changde Military Office affairs in charge of academic affairs, and granted red fish bags Guofen seal
Fuchuan Luo family, accounting for the number of Jizhou Jizhou , and is the western mountain of different Yuzhang , which is more than 200 years ago. My great-grandfather said that the official family is a kind person, and that he is a kind person, and that he is a kind person, and that he is a kind person. Those who are well-off and know the success of the world are all based on Confucianism, and those who are not shining with their traces are not shining. My son was tall and crowned, and was lonely early, and he was tall and tall. At the age of fifteen, he traveled outside the lake with his ancestors. The ancestor died in Changsha, and the son was worshipped by his carriage and sedan chair. He walked in the winter and drove away hundreds of houses. After a few days of time, he arrived at home and then died. Those who knew him were all surprised by his power and wisdom and praised him for his filial piety. My mother, Liu, was a clan's father, Mr. Shanxi and Shangshu Gong. She learned the teachings of the family. When Fang Gong was in a living place, Zigao and his disciple Mao were not crowned, and the three daughters were still young. During the Ding period, the war was in chaos, and the enemy was slandered and the fields were abandoned. Zi Gaoli sued Youshi and restored his old career for twenty years. I will serve my mother as my younger brother and choose a place for my son-in-law and sisters. He moved from Fuchuan to Quankou, and his strength was accumulated and his wealth was abundant. He also analyzed half of his family and his younger brother, and he was rich in the countryside. Zigao was quite happy with his integrity, and it was appropriate to be ambition to be a dangerous person, but he knew the urgent need for others. The hometown where you live is called Tongshui, which is practiced by the law of the Sutras and Circles in Shaoxing. Some people want to benefit Tongshui by taxes from neighboring towns. Zi Gao advocated that all the officials competed for, and they ended up with the ground. There is Hang Pond in the township, which irrigated 2,000 hectares of land. It was abandoned for twenty years. The fields were dried up and the tax was levied, and both officials and people were sick. The county chief inspector was concerned about the restoration, and his son Gao asked the minister to be appointed as his servant, and he deposed Fei's disciples, and Dong worked hard to build a scoop. Since he is strong and strong, he has been relying on it until now. When he was in Fuchuan, a evil young man forced the two lords to kill him and threw himself into his room. His son high-rise and refused the evil young man. He was spared from death. No one knows who he was? A few years later, he went out of the suburbs and welcomed the horse's head, which was where he lived. Zi Gao is good at talking about worldly affairs, and it is very impressive. After drinking, I whistle and sing, and mixed with humor, laughter and ridicule, and the flavor is full of things without any conflict with things. Qian Dao Ji Chou (1169), Zi Gao was seventy-four years old, Kang Qiang was as good as usual, and he was in charge of the new house, and he died with a stick in his hand. It was actually August 25th. He was married to the Liu family and was also the son of the Shangshu Gong clan. To have two sons: the eldest is called he, and the second is called Mi. He and Mrs. Liu took the lead. Mi Jin re-officials Chengxinlang and the supervisor of Deshou Palace were promoted. There are four women, and the sons-in-law are Li Qiyuan, Guo Minian and Li Shubao. Ji Nu died without marrying.
Zi Gao Xi Geography Book, examines the scenery and planting the grass, builds houses, and keeps people at peace and happiness. It is very strange. It is the origin of the Changchun Cave Estuary in Zhonghu Township, County. Mi was ordered by the rule, and in August of the seventh year, Gengshen immediately came to ask for an inscription on the good letter of the Left Fengyilang and Taichang Doctor Yang Wanli Tingxiu. Shengjiu and Zigao were in love with each other, and the court was beautiful as Zigao had a marriage of uncles and nephews for three generations, and Sheng was married and friendly. It is better to be an inscription when it is passed down through the classics. The inscription says:
is capable of being able to dominate, wisely being able to understand, chivalrously being not arrogant, rich being not engraved. The outside is strong and the middle is open and comfortable, and the joy is full of joy. This is why my son is tall and he is good!
Ouyang Guangqiu. [2]
Based on the inscription, we can see that the author is Li Sheng, the author of book Dan is Xie Yan, the author of seal script is Guo Fen, and the author of Ouyang Guang is still.
(II) Background analysis
1, Luo Zigao and Fuchuan
Based on the inscription, we can see that Luo Zigao (1096-1169), whose name is Chong and whose courtesy name is Zigao, was from Fuchuan, Tongshui Township, Jishui County, and later used the name "Fuchuan". On August 25, 1169, he died while inspecting his new residence in Quankou and was buried on August Gengshen two years later.So, where are the "returning to Zongli" and "Fuchuan" in Zigao's conduct in the sentence "It was originally connected to Jishui County, Jizhou, Jizhou, Jizhou" and "Le Fuchuan's beautiful landscapes" today?
According to the Guangxu version of Jishui County Chronicles, "New Kerry: There are 272 communities in it, belonging to Zhonghu Township. Guizong: There are 124 communities in it, belonging to Tongshui Township." [3] From this we can see that Guizong and Fuchuan were both in the Tongshui Township of Jishui County in ancient times. Regarding Fuchuan, the historical edition of the Jishui County Chronicles has not been recorded. Therefore, the author visited the old people in Pangu and Futian Town many times to learn that Fuchuan is a tributary of the Laotong River, originating from Chigu Village, Anfu County, through Ji'an County Oilfield, Huaqiao, Jishui County, the south side of Futian Middle School and Huangjinhu Village, and merges into the Laotong River in Shangshise Village, Pangu Town. New Kerry refers to the area of Dongyuan, Jintan Town, Jishui County, Shangtang, Huangqiao Town, and Laozhu, Shangxian Township. There are 272 clubs, which belong to Zhonghu Township. Guizongli is the area of Fengjiangxu Town, Pangu Shangshise, and Futian Huangjin Lake. There are 124 clubs.
According to the sentence "In the fifth year (1169), Zigao built the mountain in Quankou because of his former residence" in Zigao's conduct, we can see that the new residence chosen by Luo Zigao was called Quankou. This place name is still in use today. It belongs to the jurisdiction of Pangu Town , located in the south of Shangzengjia Village. The "Jishui County Chronicles" of Guangxu recorded: "The Same Shui Township, the Seven Capitals... The Sixty-first Capital: Huangchengxi (Hometown of Mr. Luo Wengong), Quankou, Chenbei." [4] Huangchengxi is the hometown of Luo Hongxian, the top scholar of the Ming Dynasty, and is in a triangular shape with Quankou Village and Chenbei Village. Of course, the current village of Xiuchuan in Guizong in the Southern Song Dynasty, or where its ruins are located, this question remains to be verified in the future.
2. Tongjianghe and Hangpi
When it comes to Tongjianghe, it is necessary to understand its three different concepts. Today, Tongnan River is a newly excavated river due to the construction of the Xiajiang water conservancy hub in 2013. It is a river that is 16.4 kilometers long. The area is Yangfen Village, Dongxia-Maojia-Pingzhou-Xishabu in Fengjiang Town, and then it is injected into the Ganjiang River. However, before the excavation of Tongnan River, the direction of Tongjiang River was Caiyuan Village, Lijia-xu Town, Haoshi-pangu Town, Fengjiang Town, and then injected into Ganjiang River. This river was straightened in 1975 because it wanted to increase arable land and was organized to excavate tens of thousands of people. However, as early as 1975, the direction of Laotong River was Luojia Village, Pangu Town, Shangshise-gu Village, and then it was injected into the Ganjiang River.
The "Geographical Chronicles·Mountains" in Volume 5 of the Guangxu "Jishui County Chronicles" also records: "The (Jiangxi) Tongzhi and ( Ji'an ) official scripts all say: "Tongjiang, the source of the Yixian County border, is subject to Fengzijiang, Wubi, and Hehu, and enters the Ganjiang River.'" [5] minutes Yixian was under the jurisdiction of Yichun Prefecture in ancient times. This water flows through Wanhua Mountain in Jishui County to Futianxu Town, then through Zhouqiao Village to Fengjiangxu Town, and then to Pangu Town, which is in line with the record of "it originates from Yichun, traveling 300 miles".
So, where is the "Hangbi" in Zigao's row? There is no record in the historical edition of "Jishui County Chronicles". The word "hang" in ancient times was the same as "hang", which means crossing a river, indicating that the river is not a small stream. There is also a sentence in the article "The pond is one thousand feet wide, one of the twenty-two deep, and the 84 canals and irrigated fields are 2,000 hectares." It can be seen that the "Hangpo" is not small in terms of water volume and irrigation area, and it can even be said that the pond is very majestic. So the author conjectures that "Hangbi" was the old name in the Southern Song Dynasty after all, and was the "未未" in the late Qing Dynasty evolved from this place name over the past 700 years? It is more in line with the current geographical status of Fengjiang and Pangu areas. The specific location should be near Shangshise and Fengjiangxu Towns of Laotong River. The terrain of this area is flat. If a large water pond is built, it can indeed irrigate three to four thousand acres of farmland.
Let’s talk about Zhonghu Township here. In ancient times, it was divided into upper and lower middle swans, that is, it was bounded by Ganjiang River. Today, the areas of Geshan, Futan and Tianyu were called upper middle swans, while the areas of Jintan Dongyuan, Huangqiao Xisha, and Shangxian Laozhu were called lower middle swans. Yang Wanli's eldest son Yang Changru wrote the "Chengzhai Yang Gong Cemetery" and said: "The ancestor was named Wanli, his courtesy name was Tingxiu, and his surname was 'Yang'. He was from Xinjiali, Zhonghu Township, Jishui County, Jizhou, and lived in Shangtang." [6] This village is the area under Xia Zhonghu Township.According to the record in Zigao's conduct that "the lonely and quiet son will be buried higher than the origin of Changchun Cavekou in August of the seventh year" in Gengshen, Huangqiao Town was originally owned by Zhonghu Township in ancient times, and this monument was dug out from a cemetery 500 meters west of Yunzhuang Village, Huangqiao Town. From this we can see that "the origin of Changchun Cavekou" refers to this place, and the inscription contains consistent with the local facts.
3, Liu Caiqiu and Li Sheng
In the line of the son Gao, there is a sentence "The son Gao's mother Liu, his father Shanxi, and the minister of Shangshu, there is a way to teach his son to a foreign family." The three words in the box are determined by the imagination. Mr. Shanxi refers to Yang Wanli's teacher Liu Caiqiu (1086-1158), whose courtesy name is Meizhong, and his name is Shanxi Jushi, 7 people from Ji'an County, who passed the Jinshi in the third year of Daguan (1109), and passed the Boxue Hongci Department in the second year of Xuanhe (1120). Because Emperor Gaozong once praised him for his "excluding any more literature", he was jealous of the Prime Minister Qin Hui, and was demoted to the prefect of Zhangzhou, and was appointed as the Minister of Works and the Minister of Personnel.
Check Yang Wanli's study experience, it can be seen that in the 23rd year of Shaoxing (1153), after failing the Jinshi exam, he studied under Liu Caiqi, and only passed the Jinshi in the second year. Later, he wrote a follow-up preface for Liu Cai's collection of essays:
I was born seventeen years ago and I was able to go to Luxi to study and ask about it. The reason why I told me was that the Taixue violated the ban. Ten years later, I had to go to Shanxi to study and ask. The reason why he told me was that Taixue violated the ban... Shanxi, whose name was Caiqi, was also known as Meizhong... Shanxi was once again a student of Hong Ci, and finally served as Minister of Works and Minister of Personnel. He was awarded the title of Bachelor of Xianmoge. [7]
About the author of the epitaph of Luo Zigao, Li Sheng, people in Luling County, (1157) in Shaoxing. The "Jinshi" in Volume 21 of the Guangxu "Ji'an Prefecture Chronicle·Election Chronicle" records: "In the 27th year of Shaoxing, Wang Shipeng, list: Zeng Dading, Li Sheng, Liu Ruxie, Liu Qingzhi (birth), above Luling."
Here is also an introduction to Xie Yan and Guo Fen. Xie Yan (1121-1194), whose courtesy name was Changguo and his pseudonym was Genzhai, was from Xinyu County. He passed the Jinshi in the 27th year of Shaoxing (1157), and served as the Minister of Works. He had friends with Yang Wanliduo. The author of "Chengzhai Collection" said that Xie Yan was the poem "Inscription on the Smoke and Rain of the Golden Bull in Volume 5 of "Jianghu Collection". Because Xie Yan wrote a poem for the painting of the Golden Bull Temple opposite the Bailuzhou, Ji'an, and Bailuzhou, Ji'an, and Bailuzhou, and then it was inferred that Xie Yan was appointed as the military officer of Jizhou in the fifth year of Qiandao (1169), which was consistent with the time mentioned in the epitaph of Luo Zigao. Guo Fen (1126-1182), whose courtesy name was Zhongzhi, was 7 from Jishui County. Later, he moved to Xingan County. He became a high school Jinshi at the age of 20, such as "Jiangxi Tongzhi" Volume 50: "In the 14th year of Shaoxing (1144), Jiazi Examination:.......... Guo Fen, a native of Jishui." "In the 15th year of Shaoxing, Liu Zhangbang:...... Guo Fen, a native of Jishui." He served as a professor of academic studies in Chenzhou, Daozhou and Nanxiong Prefecture. He was promoted to the magistrate of Changde and was promoted to the magistrate of Xingguo. He was the magistrate of Yuezhou and died on the way to the road when he returned home. Yang Wanli's teacher Wang Tinggui once wrote an epitaph for Guo Fen's mother and Kong from Xingan County. [8] After Guo Fen passed away, Zhu Xi was invited to write the tomb stele [9], which shows that he is also a famous local scholar. Since the engraving worker Ouyang Guang is just a folk artist in Jishui County, no relevant records of him were found in local documents.
(III) Default on authenticity
1, writing a possible record
Regarding the marriage relationship between Yang Wanli and Luo family, the author once wrote "A Study on the Characters of the Father-in-law Luo Tianwen Family in Chengzhai Collection" [10]. He has already discussed the origin and interactions with the Luo family of Luling Xiuchuan, the Taolin Luo family of Pangu, and the Luo family of Huangqiaoshan, and the Luo family of Huangqiaoshan. In addition, Yang Wanli lost his mother at the age of eight, and his stepmother Luo had not been born in her life and regarded him as his own child. As a result, when his stepmother passed away, he resigned from his post in Guangdong and returned to his hometown. Yang Changru said in "Chengzhai Yang Gong Cemetery": "He served his stepmother and was filial to him for thirty years. He did not know that Luo was the stepmother." [11] Again, Volume 53 of "Chengzhai Collection" includes "Ding Luo Family's Family's Family" and "Reply to Luo Family's Family's Family", and Volume 61 contains "Ruo Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family's Family.
More importantly, there have always been many theories about the origin of the Ji'an Luo family. Zi Gao said in his conduct: "The Luo of Fuchuan is originally from the western mountain of Yuzhang." This is the same as the statement in "Chengzhai Collection", such as Yang Wanli's "The Story of the Luo Family Wanjuan Tower" written by Yang Wanli said:
Luo Family is both different from Yuzhang. It is in Jin. When the king Zhang surrendered to the five seasons, there was Duke of Jiangdong. The Luo in Luling is now behind. After leaving (Jizhou) Ningguimen is about 40 miles northeast of the northeast, it is the Luo of Wantang. Since Wugang Duke (Luo Yigong) used Hongcheng to perform the knowledge of Yi and the strange and strange words, his clan became prosperous. Fifty miles northwest of Wantang, it is the Luo of Yingang. [12]
In Yang Wanli's view, the Luo family of Luling County all migrated from Nanchang , which corresponds to the sentence "When thousands of miles are in the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son of the son In addition, Luo Zigao's mother Liu and his wife Liu are both nephews and descendants of Yang Wanli's teacher Liu Caiqi. He may have met when he went to Luling County to study. Later, Luo Mi invited Yang to write a statement of conduct.
2, literary style analysis
There are 2 volumes in "Chengzhai Collection", including 3 chapters in Volume 118 and 5 chapters in Volume 119. The authors of these 8 articles use documentary techniques and easy writing style, are good at using a variety of artistic expressions, and use concise words to outline the sexual characteristics of people who are traveling. Although the length of the article is much longer than the memorial, it focuses on restoring the original appearance of a person and does not pursue the word and sentence. Zigao's behavior not only has many of the above characteristics, but also has many similarities in writing techniques to the eight characters in "Chengzhai Collection".
First, when introducing the lineage of the industry, Yang Wanli wrote a letter of conduct for his teacher, Liu Anshi, , and said: "I was originally a member of Congguifang, Anfu County, Jizhou. Since my great-grandfather, I did not serve. My father thought, and I was given the right Chengshi Lang." [13] was a friend and Jinshi Liu Deli, and wrote a letter of conduct: "I was originally a member of the Anfu County, Jizhou. My great-grandfather, I did not serve. My great-grandfather, I did not serve. My great-grandfather, I did not serve. My great-grandfather, I did not serve. My father met me, and I did not serve. My father met me, and I was given the title of Chengshi Lang." [14], and my son Gao said: "I was originally a member of the Tongshui Township of Jizhou, Jizhou, and I did not serve. My great-grandfather, I did not serve. My father knew that he was successful, and I did not serve."
Second, when introducing the origin of the family, Yang Wanli wrote a letter of conduct for the famous Ji'an official Peng Han Lao, saying: "He was first Jinling." people, the fifth generation ancestor avoided Luling, and his family was here. "[15] was a famous patriotic minister and teacher, Hu Quan , and wrote a statement of conduct: "He was born in Jinling, and he avoided Luling for five seasons." [16], and his son Gao said: "The Luo of Fuchuan was originally from the West Mountain in Yuzhang. At the beginning of the country, someone came to learn from Luling from the West Mountain, so hence, "As for introducing the burial place of the creator, Yang Wanli wrote a creator for the son and friend of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Xiangzhi, saying: "The orphans were buried in the main hill of the mountain in Yunju, Laixian Township, Gao'an County on November 8, [17], and the creator said: "The creator will be buried in Gengshen in August of the seventh year, which is higher than the original in the entrance of the Changchun Cave in Zhonghu Township." The writing technique is closer to the tone. However, the author also believes that when some of the steles are engraved, the descendants of the deceased often secretly add words or sentences. For example, Jiangxi people have always paid attention to the theory of Feng Shui and Geo, and the sentence "The beautiful mountains and rivers of the steles of Zigao should be added to it by Luo Mi and others without authorization.
3. When introducing the filial piety and righteousness of the conductor, Yang Wanli often used examples to praise the conductor's integrity and filial piety and paid special attention to detailed descriptions, so as to reflect the conductor's beautiful virtues and express his inner recognition that deserves the mourning of future generations. For example, he wrote a letter of conduct for his uncle Yang Bangyi of the clan, saying: "(father Yang Tong) died before he was finally changed. In May of the next month, Gong (Bangyi) was born. Before his mother Chen was born, the three brothers were born. The man was filial and friendly by nature, and regarded his brother as his father. He once revealed the hall where he lived as "Hua E". When Zhong died, Gong Bin entered the capital at the time, and heard that he was heartbroken... He returned home and visited Bo, and was moved to him to teach him, and he added "Hua E" to "Hua E". "[18] In the letter of conduct, he said: "Decai and Guest died. Zi Gao walked in the ice and snow, and drove him back. At night, he was in the same bed and bed. When he arrived at his home, his family congratulated him and said, "Aweng has returned."’The car was taken off the car, and then she was shocked and cried. It was because De had been in peace for nine days and then the coffin was closed... Until now, the elders in the village have always talked about this matter, and those who heard about it still cried and sighed. "The texts of these two materials are both concise and plain, but the emotions are sincere and deep.
Fourth, in Yang Wanli's literary works, few female images appear, but a large number of female images appear in his 8 articles and 72 epitaphs. The focus is to praise women's excellent qualities of being good at managing their families, reflecting the author's view of women in the context of the Southern Song Dynasty. For example, he wrote a statement for the honest prime minister Ye Yan and said: "Shaobao (his great-grandfather) died, and his wife was 24 years old. She was not taken away by justice. She went to the family to create a wise teacher and teach her children to study. "[19] And the son Gao's conduct said: "Zi Gao's mother Liu... has a foreign family method. Since he was widowed, Zigao and his disciple Mao were both unsung, and all three daughters were young. "
Fifth, before the end of the prosecutor's article, Yang Wanli often expresses his willingness to write the article, such as writing the prosecutor's article for his teacher Liu Anshi: "Three words were not ordered, but the following is the following chapter. Be cautious. "There is a good example of Zi Gao's conduct and his marriage is appropriate for writing. Be cautious. "[20] is humble first, and then expresses his attitude towards writing. Other similarities are not listed one by one.
3. Imagine speculation
0 First of all, from the perspective of the family of the deceased, because the weight of the epitaph is more important than the conduct, Yang Wanli was invited to write 72 epitaphs as examples. If Luo Zigao's conduct and epitaphs are both false entrusted articles, then the person who entrusted should arrange Yang Wanli as the author of the epitaph, and Li Sheng would arrange him as the author of the conduct; on the other hand, Luo Zigao From the perspective of the signature of the three people in the epitaph, Li Sheng is younger than Guo Fen, has a lower official position, and is much smaller than Xie Yan. If it is a false entrusted article, Xie Yan or Guo Fen should be arranged as the author.
Secondly, compared the appearance, thickness, hardness and aesthetics of these two stone tablets, it was found that the line stele was only bluestone slab, and its texture was layered one by one. Relatively speaking, its surface layer was easy to fall off, and its four sides were not flat, with a thickness of only about 3 cm, and there was no stele above. The top of the epitaph was granite, which was more than twice the thickness of the line stele, and half above The round shape and the sides are also flat, indicating that the stele was indeed treated according to secular standards when engraving the stele, and the indirect confirming that Zigao's line and epitaph were more authentic. Just imagine that Yang Wanli was much more famous than Li Sheng at that time. If this line stele was a fake work by later generations, he would definitely find a huge, thick and precious stone slab to engrave it when engraving the stele.
Once again, if the 8 lines in "Chengzhai Collection" are carefully read, you will find that these eight dead people had important political identities at that time, or had deep social relations with the author. As we all know, ancient famous scholars and The reason for the reluctance to write a conduct and an epitaph is that, first, those who seek writing will provide relevant materials or drafts for the deceased. The format of the writing is relatively fixed, and the narrative tone is relatively rigid, and they cannot perform their own level well. First, some flattery words are often used in the writing, which sometimes goes against the author's original intention. For example, Li Ao wrote a conduct for in the Tang Dynasty, but said in the "Memorial of the Conduct of the Officials": "To be fancy but forget the truth, to be drowsy and abandon the reason... Therefore, things lose their roots, and the text harms the reason, and the conduct is not enough to win the trust. "[21] Just imagine that Yang Wanli lived to be 80 years old and was well-known in the literary and official circles of the Southern Song Dynasty. How could he write 8 articles in his life? From this, it can be inferred that he was a boycott of the collection of articles, especially those who were not famous, had little influence, and were caused by feelings. If he could not record them, he would try not to record them.
4. The signature at the end of the article was: "In June of the seventh year of Qiandao (1171), the cousin, Zuo Fengyilang, and the new Taichang doctor. "The title of "cousin" here is correct, because Yang Wanli's stepmother and wife were both surnamed Luo, and the position introduction was correct, but the time mark was wrong. According to the "Speech of Doctor Taichang" in Volume 133 of "Chengzhai Collection":
Imperial: Yang Wanli, the left Fengyilang and the Doctor of the Imperial College, returned to the same path of the six classics, and the use of rituals and music was urgent. Therefore, there were doctors in the academic officials, and Fengchang also set them up, which were all the reasons for visiting and reviewing ancient times and promoting humanities. You are thinking about classics and have a very strong style. The scholars moved to Li Temple, and the titles were different, and the intention of promoting them was strong. Highly discussed and showed the prime minister, and they were a great official. You can follow the previous article.[22]
The time and the author marked in this sermon are: "On July 28, 1171, the seventh year of Qiandao (1171), the Zhongshu Sheren Fan Chengda lines." The credibility of this document is very high, indicating that in June of that year, Yang Wanli was still Dr. Ren Guozi. Why does
have this error? Check Yang Wanli’s experience and get the answer. Luo Zigao died in August of the fifth year of Qiandao (1169). At that time, Yang Wanli was still waiting in his hometown of Shutang Village. It was not until the end of the year that he would become the magistrate of the new magistrate of the Fengxin. In March of the following year, he went to Fengxin County to work in , but at the end of that year he was appointed as Doctor of Imperial College. As stated in the "Doctor of Imperial College": "On October 6, 1170, the sixth year of Qiandao (1170), the Central Secretariat Fan Cheng Daxing." When he went to Beijing to work, he did not return to his hometown in Jishui, but transferred from Fengxin County to Ganjiang to Beijing. It was not until the first year of Chunxi , when he first started returning to his hometown (1174) and arrived in Yanzhou, because the fifth daughter Yang Jishu was about to be born and stayed for another 2 months, and he did not return to his hometown in midsummer.
Just imagine, before Luo Zigao was buried, his son Luo Mi went to Beijing to ask for a statement of conduct, so it is very likely that Yang Wanli would write the statement of conduct during his stay in his hometown. Of course, it is not ruled out that he wrote it when he was working in Fengxin County. After all, the two places are not very far apart. When Luo Zigao was buried, Yang Wanli had already served as Dr. Taichang. For Luo Mi and others, although he had known the news of his new appointment, he had not seen the imperial edicts of the court and could not know the specific time, so there was a mistake in the time when engraving the stele.
2. Discussing the situation everywhere
The author believes that there are four statements in "The Constitution of Luo Zigao, a lay Buddhist in Fuchuan, who wrote in the School of Fine Arts of Hangzhou Normal University" written by Professor Fang Ailong of "Yang Wanli's parallel regular script, and I will discuss it with it without considering the simplest things.
1. Is Yang Wanli's word "Tingxiu" or "Tingxiu"
Because there is a sentence in Li Sheng's "Epitaph of Luo Zigao of Song Dynasty" that "(Luo Mi) is invited to inscribe according to the good words of Yang Wanli Tingxiu, the Zuo Fengyilang and Taichang doctor. (Li) Sheng was with his son Gao Youyou, and Tingxiu was the contract of his uncle and nephew of three generations" in his article. So when Professor Fang wrote the fourth paragraph of the article introduced Yang Wanli, he said: "The name is Tingxiu (also written as Tingxiu)."
Regarding the distinction between "Tingxiu" and "Tingxiu", there can be at least four aspects to find evidence: First, from the perspective of various versions of "Chengzhai Collection", the Song-engraved version of "Chengzhai Collection" is the first version, and the time of the turquoise was only decades after Yang Wanli's death. The second line of each volume of this version is signed as "Luling Yang Wanli Tingxiu". For example, the second line of each volume of the family-engraved version of "Chengzhai Collection" during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty is: "Written by Yang Wanli Ting Xiufu of Song Jishui." In addition, the Qing Wenyuan Pavilion " Siku Quanshu " version, the Qing Dynasty "Siku Huiyao" version, and the Republic of China "Sibu Congchao" version are all written "Tingxiu", and no "Tingxiu" is found to be written. Second, from the perspective of the official revised history, the official revised version of " Song History " compiled in the Yuan Dynasty records: "Yang Wanli, whose courtesy name is Tingxiu, was from Jishui, Jizhou." [24] This is the official revised history, which is quite convincing. Third, from the perspective of his hometown genealogy, the Guangxu version of the "Zhongjie Yang Family Genealogy" in Guangxu of Shangtang Village records: "Wanli, Mr. Fu, Xingwu5, whose name is Tingxiu, and his pseudonym is Chengzhai." The "Zhangwu5" in the [25] family genealogy shows that Yang Wanli is the 55th boy born among the 11th generation grandson of Shangtang Village. Although the genealogy is in the late Qing Dynasty, its editing style and writing are in line with each other. As the most famous ancestor, the probability of Yang Wanli's name and character error is minimal. Fourth, from the perspective of the relationship between Yang Wanli's name and his character, "Wanli" is a unit of length, describing a long distance or a long distance. It comes from "Zhuangzi·Xiaoyaoyou": "The Peng moves to the south, and the water hits three thousand miles, and the person who rises up by ninety thousand miles." The extended meaning is a metaphor for a long future. "Ting" is a phonograph character, from the jing, and next to Jian; the sound of Ren (tíng) means to lead to long, and its original meaning refers to the court. "Ting" is also a phono-shaped character. From the broadest, it refers to a house made of mountain rocks, and its original meaning refers to a hall. The word "tingxiu" is just like the outstanding talents of the court, which contains the meaning of his father Yang Fu's expectation of his son to take high school entrance exams, which is a success; while "tingxiu" only refers to outstanding talents from a family or a family, and its pattern is obviously too small.
reviews ancient documents again, and the ancients did have the problem of "Tingxiu" erroneous typos. For example, in the "Siku Quanshu" version of Zhu Xi's "Hui'an Collection", there is only one place that is written in "Tingxiu", namely Volume 9 "The poem "The opera answers to Yang Tingxiu's questioning of Li Sao"; in the "Wenzhong Collection" this week, there are only two places in the "Siku" version of Volume 4 and Volume 186; in the "Siku's "Jiannan Poetry Draft", there are only three places in the "Siku's "Siku's Decoration of the Poems", there are only three places in the "Siku's "Siku's Decoration of the Poems", there are only three places in the "Siku's "Siku's Decoration of the Poems". On the contrary, in the Siku version of "Chengzhai Collection", no place is written in the "Tingxiu".
2. Yang Wanli's new position as a doctor of Taichang in June, and the reason why Professor Fang said this is:
The "Professor" was signed by Yang Wanli at the end of the "Professional Statement". Review of the biography of "History of the Song Dynasty" and "Yang Wanli's Biography" (written by Yu Beishan and compiled by Yu Yunsheng): In the seventh year of Qiandao (1171), Yang Wanli was expelled from Dr. Taichang from Doctor of the Imperial College. However, Yu's "Chronological Biography" is designated as "July, the Ph.D. Taichang", while the "Professional Statement" signs the "New Ph.D. of Taichang" in June, which shows that Yang Wanli's position as "New Ph.D." is in June, and the "Chronological Biography" can be corrected. [26]
Regarding the time when Yang Wanli was new to Dr. Taichang, the original text has been cited above and there are specific analysis. I will not repeat it here. The statement of the late professor of the former Huaiyin Teachers College in the "Yang Wanli Biography" written by Beishan is not the conclusion of his subjective conjecture, but is based on the imperial edicts of the court and the biography of the "History of the Song Dynasty". This statement is credible. In addition, the page 113 of the "Yang Wanli Chronicle" written by the late professor Xiao Donghai of Jinggangshan University (Shanghai Sanlian Bookstore, published in May 2007) also records: "[Xinmao (1171) in the seventh year of Qiandao, 45 years old] On July 28, he was moved to the Left Fengyilang and Ph.D. Taichang."
According to the official system of the Southern Song Dynasty, Taichang Temple was signed by the official, and there was one person for the positions of Qing, Shaoqing and Cheng. Later, the doctor, chief clerk, Xielulang, Taizhu and other officials were appointed. Among them, the doctor's responsibilities were to "preach the five rituals and rituals. If there is reform, it will be reviewed according to the scriptures. Anyone who is posthumous for posthumousness should examine their conduct and write a posthumous text. If there is a temple matter, monitor the rituals and things, and be responsible for the prose and guidance." [27] contains two meanings here: First, although Yang Wanli was an official in the capital, he was still a low-level official because the rank of Dr. Taichang was only the eighth rank. Second, he was transferred from Doctor of Imperial College to Doctor of Taichang. Although he was transferred from a level to a rank, he was closer to the ranks of the court than his previous position and was more likely to be promoted. Therefore, the slogan contained the sentence "The Scholars moved to Li Temple, and the titles were different, and the intention of promotion was strong." From this we can see that the statements in the "Yang Wanli Biography" written by the late Professor Yu Beishan and Professor Xiao Donghai are correct.
3. Luo Zigao's statement that "because his ancestor lives in Luling (now Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province)" has no basis or is correct. Professor Fang would say this because there is no record of the name of "Fuchuan" in the Jishui County Chronicles, and it is mistaken for the Fushui River in Qingyuan District today. Regarding Fuchuan, Luling County, Yongzheng's "Jiangxi Tongzhi" records: "Fuchuan, located in the south of the capital city, the water descends from Ganzhou to rise to the country, called Fuchuan. The article "Fuchuan Fengkuixing" in the "Wenwenshan Collection" of Song Dynasty." [28]
Regarding the "Fuchuan" stream in Jishui, the article has been introduced before this article. It is just a tributary of the Laotong River, originating from Chigu Village, Anfu County, flowing through Ji'an Oilfield and Jishui Futian, and merges into the Laotong River in Shangshise Village, Pangu Town. It is precisely because the stream had a certain amount of silt during the Qing Dynasty and the flow of water was not large, so its name was not included in the county annals.
4. It is obvious that the text of Luo Zigao's monument is "Yang Wanli's handed down in the world", which is obviously wrong. Professor Fang's three articles said that Zigao's handed down in the world are Yang Wanli's handed down in the world, that is, the sentence "According to the "Zheng" comes from the nature of Yang Wanli's writings", the first sentence of the last paragraph "Yang Wanli's handed down in the world, see two other sentences", and the sentence of "It is undoubtedly the handed down in the world by Yang Wanli" in this paragraph. The author believes that this statement is obviously inappropriate, and there are five reasons:
first, the stele of "The Legend of Luo Zigao of the Religious Scholars of Fuchuan" is exactly the same as the stele of "The Epitaph of the Song Dynasty". From this, we can conclude that the stele of the two steles was written by the same person. According to the epitaph of Luo Zigao, the stele was written by Li Sheng, written by Xie Yan, and seal quotations of Guo Fen were still engraved by Ouyang Guang, and there was no such expression in Zigao's conduct.Second, from October of the sixth year of Qiandao (1170) to the summer of the first year of Chunxi (1174), Yang Wanli worked in Beijing (including on his way home), not in Jishui, his hometown. During this period, he was originally unlikely to write a conduct chart at Luo Mi's invitation, and even less likely to write a conduct chart and an epitaph for Luo Zigao. Third, even if Zigao's conduct was written by Yang Wanli, Luo Mi may not have asked Li Sheng to write an epitaph at that time. More importantly, Li Sheng is much smaller than Yang Wanli's reputation. It is impossible for Luo Mi to ask Li Sheng to write an epitaph, and then ask Yang Wanli to write Li Sheng's article. On the contrary, is there such a possibility? Before Yang Wanli entered the capital, Luo Mi had already asked him to write a conduct. When Luo Mi buried his father, Yang was not in his hometown, so he asked his less famous friend Li Sheng to write an epitaph. Fourth, Yang Wanli's handed down treasures are extremely rare. The author has only seen it in the photocopy of the first illustration of the [29] book "Compilation of Yang Wanli Fan Chengda Information" on page 1 of the first illustration of the [29]html. The brushwork in the illustrations in this book is very different from the engravings on the Zigao Xingzhi Monument. Fifth, according to Professor Fang, "There are two other works of Yang Wanli's handed down from generation to generation." He listed the cliff carvings of "The Grand Sword of the Imperial Palace of Zhida Xiaogong" collected by the Palace Museum in Taipei and the first mountain in Xuyi, Jiangsu Province "The title of Yang Wanli and others" in the collection of the Palace Museum in Taipei. However, the author believes that the two examples listed by Professor Fang are also far from the engravings of Zigao's handwriting.
3. Two guesses
1. What is the missing word in the sentence "Shaoxing Geng□ year, the imperial court's classics" in Zigao's line
"Shaoxing" is the year of Zhao Gou, the Song Dynasty, that is, 1131-1162. That year, he was forced by the Jin army and fled to Yuezhou, determined to "restorate Shaozuo", so he changed the reign of Shaoxing and changed Yuezhou to Shaoxing City. However, during the Shaoxing period, there was the Gengshen of Shaoxing, that is, the tenth year of Shaoxing (1140); the Gengshen of Shaoxing, that is, the twenty-year year of Shaoxing (1150); the Gengshen of Shaoxing, that is, the thirty-year of Shaoxing (1160). So which year was it?
The author believes that the answer can be found based on the four words "Court of the Court" in the text. The boundary of the sutra refers to the boundary or establishment of boundaries of land or territory. The "Courtical Economic Zone" of the Southern Song Dynasty began at the end of the 12th year of Shaoxing (1142), and was first implemented in Pingjiang Prefecture, Liangzhe Road, and fashion was the pioneer stage of pilot projects. The purpose of implementing the Economic Zone is to clarify the property rights and determine the amount of land tax that the property owner should pay, thereby ensuring the tax revenue of the court. It was not until June of the following year that the implementation efforts were increased and promoted to most of the ruling areas of the Southern Song Dynasty. After the implementation of the Economic Law during the Shaoxing period, certain results have been achieved. Many places have gradually established an anvil-based book system and a relatively complete land management system. Until the 19th year of Shaoxing (1149), the overall promotion of land economics and economics was basically completed nationwide.
However, because the economic world itself cannot balance the interests of all parties, or some wealthy families are damaged by their interests and try every means to transfer the burden, the middle and lower classes of farmers are also full of complaints. The most prominent manifestation is that in order to pursue their respective interests, all classes have repeatedly delayed and delayed the creation, registration and issuance of property rights books, and some officials colluded with each other, and the disadvantages of uneven taxes and labor remained the same. Therefore, less than 30 years after the Shaoxing Sutra Realm, there was an ending of "the maps and books of the Sutra Realm of the Sutra Realm that "all the Taos and Sutra Realm are lost, and officials are in traitors" [30]. The Southern Song court was also well aware of the great harm of the incorrect land economy. Therefore, since the implementation of the Shaoxing Economic Zone, officials at all levels have not stopped cleaning or correcting it. Until the 28th year of Shaoxing (1158), all verification work in the Southern Song Dynasty's economic circles was completed. [31] Combined with the sentence "After the law is implemented, there is a foreign town in the same county and a town called Renshou Township, who wants to marry the heavy rent of the land in Tongshui. Zigao advocates that the crowd fight for the officials. Those who get the right place to exempt the tax from the first town are the power of Zigao". From this, it can be inferred that the time should be "Shaoxing Gengwu (1150)", and the missing word should be "Wu".
2. Is "Wan" in Yang Wanli's name written in simplified Chinese characters or the traditional Chinese characters "Wan" at the end of the high line shape, the author has mentioned himself three times, and the inscription is written in simplified Chinese characters "Wan". In Zigao's epitaph, Li Sheng also mentioned Yang Wanli, and he still wrote it in simplified Chinese "Wan". To this end, Professor Fang Ailong said:
For Yang Wanli's name, it is two empirical materials.The signature of Yang Wanli's calligraphy mentioned below is also a clear proof. Regarding the question of the name of Chengzhai, although Yu's "Chronology" has an expounded discussion at the beginning, mentioning this matter again is still meaningful for the proofreading and sorting of ancient books. [32]
For the sentence "Yu's "Chronic Biography" mentioned by Professor Fang, I read the "Yang Wanli Biography" compiled by Professor Yu Beishan. The main text part is page 1:
[Note] The name of Kao Chengzhai is written as Wanli. Volume 7 of "Superscript of the Southern Song Dynasty Pavilion" tells the story of Liechengzhai as a secretary and a young supervisor, both of which are "ten thousand" and not "ten thousand". Lu Wen's postscript: "The name of You Zai and Yang Wanli is like this, but others have written "Si" and "Wan"; but these two people are not the same, so they can be followed to correct the "History of the Song Dynasty". "The ancient Confucians looked at ancient books and refused to miss a word, which can be used as our own method. I am foolish to say that this is just like the work of "cun" and the work of "li" in "lin" and "li", although it is the same, people's names should be used with their customs. Now I have kept the handwriting of Chengzhai ("To Hu Da Xiaojizi") and I know that my own writing is indeed "Ten Thousand". The Song Dynasty’s "Chengzhai Collection" is also written as “Wan”, and occasionally “Wan” is written as “Wan”, which is the erroneous stroke of the book. Therefore, this collection is based on its true meaning, and all the works are written in thousands of miles. Those who quote other books as "Wan" will not change them. [33]
Regarding the question of whether "Wan" in Yang Wanli's name is written in simplified characters or traditional characters "Wan", the author agrees with the editor of "Yang Wanli's Poems and Essays" [34], Professor Wang Qizhen of Jiangxi Normal University, and Professor Xin Gengru of "Yang Wanli's Collection of Poems and Essays" [35], and Professor Xin Gengru of Heilongjiang University, that is, there is no need to worry too much about the right and wrong of the characters "Wan" and "Wan". Both of these writing methods are feasible. The reason is:
On the one hand, from the perspective of the origin of the characters "南" and "南", first, the character "南" did not appear only when the simplified characters were promoted in modern times, and "南" is not a cursive word for the character "南". From the pre-Qin period to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the simplified Chinese character "Wan" occasionally appears. As early as before the Tang Dynasty, the characters "Wan" and "Wan" were mostly used independently and had different meanings, that is, the character "Wan" focuses on the use of numerical words, while the character "Wan" focuses on the use of quantifier words. Second, since the Tang Dynasty, these two words have been mixed. For example, in the "Jin Temple Inscription" of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the character "Wan" was replaced by the character "Wan" was replaced by the character "Wan". The character "Wan" was also written in the "Jiuchenggong Liquan Inscription" of the calligrapher Ouyang Xun. The character "Wan" and "Wan" appeared at the same time in the inscription of "Huairen Collection of Wang Xizhi's Calligraphy" was also described. There are also phenomena of the characters "Wan" and "Wan" appearing at the same time. There are many more examples, and it can be seen that at that time, the characters "Wan" and "Wan" coexist and use them separately. Third, in the Song Dynasty, people seemed to be more accustomed to using the simple and easy-to-write word "南", and the word "南" gradually lost its original meaning. After modern modern times, simplified characters were implemented, they were completely replaced by the word "南".
On the other hand, from the perspective of Yang Wanli himself and his legacy documents, first, when Yang Wanli was alive, his signature was indeed written in the simplified Chinese character "Wan". As mentioned above, the first edition of the Sun-Cang Song-edited version of "Chengzhai Collection" is signed in each volume in the collection, which is the simplified Chinese character "Wan". For example, the calligraphy of "To Hu Da Xiao Jizi" that Professor Yu Beishan said is still in existence today, and the signature is also "Wan". Second, as Professor Yu Beishan said, the biography of "History of the Song Dynasty" is written as "Yang Wanli", and the "Yang Wanli" is written as "Yang Wanli" in the Qing Dynasty Qianlong family edition "Chengzhai Collection". Combined with the historical background of the common use of these two characters in the Song Dynasty, the argument that only the simplified Chinese character "Wan" is not very meaningful. Third, from the perspective of contemporary people's cognitive perspective, the "Compilation of Yang Wanli and Fan Chengda Materials" compiled by Professor Zhan Zhi, published in 1964 by Zhonghua Book Company, is written in "Yang Wanli".
So the author believes that if we contemporary people compiled or wrote articles for "Chengzhai Collection" and wrote articles for it, it should be written as the simplified character "Wan"; if we use traditional characters to write, the original character "Wan" should be written as the simplified character "Wan"; if we use traditional characters to write, the original character "Wan" should be written as the traditional character "Wan"; the original character "Wan" should be written as the simplified character "Wan" (such as the Song Dynasty version of "Chengzhai Collection" of Rizang), so it should be written as the simplified character "Wan".
Of course, the word "li" in Yang Wanli's name cannot be written as "地" or "地", which is a basic common sense.Because "Wanli" is a unit of length or distance, it can only be written in the simplified Chinese word "Li". Although the word "向" is a traditional Chinese character of "向", it has a special object, as in "Shuowen Jiezi" records: "向 is inside the clothes. From the clothes, the sound inside." Its original meaning is just like the inner layer of clothes, like "in the quilt". "就" is the same as the character "就", which is actually a different character of "就". These two characters can be extended to the inside of things, opposite to the character "就", such as "就", such as "就", basket, heart, etc.
Conclusion
"The Conduct of Luo Zigao, a lay Buddhist in Fuchuan" and "The Epitaph of the Song Dynasty Gu Luo Zigao" were unearthed around 1996. Because they did not discover their important historical, artistic and scientific research values in time, they were discarded in the wilderness thorn bushes for 4 years and used to build a ridge bridge for nearly 2 years. This not only shows that the long way to go in the field history survey, but also shows the profoundness of Luling's regional culture.
After the discovery of the two inscriptions of Luo Zigao's line and epitaph, the author included these two inscriptions in the "Jiangxi Local Rare Documents Collection·Ji Shui Volume" as early as June 2018, so that they were not obscured. Professor Fang Ailong of Hangzhou Normal University published "The Legend of Luo Zigao, a scholar of Fuchuan, in parallel regular script, in March 2021", believing that it is a precious lost article by Yang Wanli, and the author agrees with this view. However, Professor Fang's argument is relatively simple, and he did not append the inscription. There are four wrong statements. While examining the authenticity of the lost text, I also made mistakes. The excavation of these two stone tablets provides physical evidence for the study of literature, calligraphy, tombs, etc. in the Luling area, and provides original materials for the study of the social conditions during the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty (such as the implementation of the Economic and Circle policies, etc.), which is a good reference for the study of Yang Wanli's lifelong conversation. It can be said that the value of cultural relics and documentary values are particularly prominent.
notes
[1] Journal of Hangzhou Normal University, "Social Science Edition", Issue 43, published in March 2021,
[2] This article is also included in "Jiangxi Local Rare Documents Series·Ji Shui Volume", page 127, Chapter 3 "Stone Inscriptions" Chapter 2
[3] Guangxu version of "Ji Shui County Chronicles" Volume 4 of "Geographical Chronicles"
[4] Guangxu's "Ji Shui County Chronicles" Volume 3 "Geographical Chronicles"
[5] Guangxu's "Ji Shui County Chronicles" Volume 5 of "Geographical Chronicles"
[6] The engraved copy of "Yang Wenjie Gong's Collection·End of Volume", also found in the Guangxu version of "Zhongjie Yang Family Genealogy·Yiwen"
[7] Yang Wanli's "Chengzhai Collection" Volume 83 "Shanxi Collection"
[8] Wang Tinggui's "Luxi Collection" Volume 45 "Epitaph of the Lady of Kong"
[9] Zhu Xi's "Hui'an Collection" Volume 92 "Embroidered by the Cemetery of Guo Gong of Yuezhou"
[10] Zhejiang University's "Imperial Examination and Examination Research" official account, tweeted on July 20, 2022
[11] Guangxu's "Chongjie Yang Family Genealogy·Arts and Literature", original title is "Baomoge Academician Tongfeng Dafu Shaoshi Luling County Founding Marquis of Luling County, donated the cemetery of Yang Gong of Chenglu Chenglu Chengzu"
[12] "Chengzhai Collection" Volume 75 "Ruo Family Wanjuan Tower Notes"
[13] "Chengzhai Collection" Volume 118 "The Conduct of the Conduct" "The Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the Conduct of the "Chengzhai Collection" Volume 118 "The Conduct of Action" "The Son-Chief of the Son-Chief Zizheng Hall" Resigns from the founding marquis of Luling County, 1,500 households with food fiefs and 100 households were given purple gold fish bags to the Tongyi Dafu Hu Gong's conduct statement"
[17] "Chengzhai Collection" Volume 119 "The Conduct of Action" "The Conduct of the Son-Chief of the Son-Chief Zhao Gong's conduct statement"
[18] "Chengzhai Collection" Volume 118 "The Conduct of Action" "The Conduct of the Son-Chief Yang Gong's conduct statement to be made by Zhongdafu Huiyou Pavilion"
[19] "Chengzhai Collection" Volume 119 "The Conduct of the Son-Chief Shangshu Zuo Pushe"
[20] "Chengzhai Collection" Volume 118 "The Conduct of the Conduct of Mr. Liu"
[21] Li Ao's "Collected by Li Wengong" Volume 10 "The Conduct of the Conduct of the All Officials"
[22] "Chengzhai Collection" Volume 133 "Appendix·Report of the Representatives of the Representatives"
[23] "Chengzhai Collection" Volume 133 "Appendix·Report of the Representatives of the Representatives"
[24] "History of the Song Dynasty" Volume 433 "Scholars (III)"
[25] "The General Map of the Yang Family of Zhongjie" compiled in the 25th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1899), "The General Map of Yanzong Sect in the Shangtang"
[26] Journal of Hangzhou Normal University, "Social Science Edition" No. 43, "The Constitution of Luo Zigao, a lay Buddhist in Fuchuan, written by Yang Wanli in parallel regular script" paragraph 1
[27] "The History of Song Dynasty" Volume 164, "The Record of Officials" Section 117 "The Record of Officials (IV)"
[28] Yongzheng Edition "The Record of Jiangxi Tongzhi" Volume 9 of "Shanchuan"
[29] "Compilation of Yang Wanli Fan Cheng's Information", Zhonghua Book Company, April 1964, 1st edition
[30] Volume 1 of "Guangzong"
[31] Guo Libing "Land Sutra after Shaoxing of the Southern Song Dynasty", Journal of Yichun University, February 2008
[32] Journal of Hangzhou Normal University, "Social Science Edition", No. 43, "Statement of Luo Zigao, a lay Buddhist in Fuchuan, written by Yang Wanli in parallel regular script"
[33] Professor Yu Beishan compiled "Yang Wanli's Biography", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, main text part 1
[34] "Yang Wanli's Poems and Essays", Jiangxi People's Publishing House, published in January 2006
[35] "Yang Wanli Collection of Annotations", published by Zhonghua Book Company in September 2007
▼
1 Song History Research Information
Email: [email protected]
