This is the majority of the opening report I wrote to a graduate of the School of Foreign Languages of Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology. Since he has refunded it, I have a reason to protect my intellectual property rights. If you need it, you can refer to it. It’s a lesson. I hope that everyone can do things honestly and be honest. I love you! At the same time, people who want to make an appointment are welcome to come to me, as long as there is no malicious intention!
1. Research purpose and significance
Research purpose:
Business English letter refers to a letter that uses English as the medium to promote business cooperation as the purpose. Properly conduct polite language research on translation strategies in business letter cooperation, and find out how to use the principle of politeness to translate it to make it play the greatest role in business English letters. In order to inspire domestic translators in business letters translation work. This will contribute to improving the quality of business English letter translation.
Research significance: Comparative analysis of the principle of politeness in business letters helps our business people to use polite language more effectively to learn how to use the principle of politeness to translate it and better understand each other when cooperating with foreign countries to establish friendship between the two countries to promote friendly cooperation.
2. The expected goals and main innovations
The expected goals: This article summarizes the translation strategy of the principle of politeness in business English letters through comparative analysis of the politeness phenomenon at home and abroad. Make some suggestions for business people in cooperation and interactions, so that they can strengthen communication with partners and enhance friendship.
’s main innovations: According to the definition of politeness at home and abroad, the comparison method is used to concentrate on analyzing the phenomenon of politeness at home and abroad, and find out the similarities and differences between politeness at home and abroad. Through the study of 20 business letters using good polite language, the principles of politeness are summarized in business letter translation strategies and methods, and to a certain extent fill the strategic gap in such business letter translation.
3. Main research content (outline)
abstract
Abstract
Abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Research background
1.2 Research purpose
1.3 Research significance
1.4 Research method
Chapter 2 Definition of courtesy and manifestation of politeness
2.1 Definition of courtesy
2.2 Definition of courtesy
2.2 Definition of courtesy
Chapter 3 Leech's principle of courtesy
Chapter 4 Analysis of differences between politeness verbals in business letters in China and the United States
Chapter 5 Research on the translation strategy of polite language in English business letters
5.1 Definition of naturalization strategy
5.1 Application of naturalization strategy in business letter translation
Chapter 6 Conclusion
6.1 Research finds
6.2 Insufficient and suggestions
6.3 Conclusion
4 Literature review
In recent years, my country's international business relations with countries around the world have been continuously developing and deepening, and the role of business English in transnational business and international economic activities has also become increasingly prominent. In dealing with foreign businessmen, business English letters are inseparable from establishing business relationships, negotiations and contract performance. Because the two parties to the foreign trade transaction come from different countries, have different cultural and social backgrounds, and will argue for their respective interests. In the context of this economic globalization, English-language business letters are an important application communication tool for negotiating transactions, contacting business, and developing trade during business activities and trade transactions. A large amount of written negotiations are achieved through business letters and are an important means for buyers and sellers to negotiate. Their quality will affect the image of the company and the success or failure of the transaction.
Translation Business letters are communications between the two parties regarding business transactions in business operations. Since these letters involve the rights and obligations of both parties, business letters can often be used as the legal basis for resolving business disputes. Therefore, business letters reflect their commercial value by accurately conveying the information. For this purpose, business letters are particularly polite, tactful and rigorous in terms of wording and tone. Even when expressing dissatisfaction, opposition or even blame, they should still respond flexibly and adopt appropriate discourse strategies.
If you can state your own opinions politely, implicitly and appropriately, or make requests and suggestions, it will be easier to achieve the expected goals of both parties to the transaction. However, in terms of the history of cultural and sport evolution, it is now used in business English letters. English was born from the language used in British overseas trade in the 19th century. It is famous for its simple and documentary, rigorous and standardized, solemn and elegant characteristics, and strives to maintain a "sense of persistence in official business". (Business poise), showing a relatively unique and self-contained style. But it also lacks some human touch. The principle of politeness is a pragmatic theory and plays an indispensable role in the writing and translation of business English letters.
In 1983, based on the cooperative principle of American linguist H. P. Grice and the politeness strategy of Brown and Lev. Nson, British scholar G. Leech proposed his politeness principle of verbal communication. He successfully explained the indirectness of people's language that cannot be explained by the cooperation principle, thus making up for the dictation of the cooperation principle. Leech pointed out that in order not to directly touch the other party's "face", people can only express their true information in a roundabout way, implicitly and indirectly, and let the listener understand his "important meaning". The principle of politeness is to minimize the belief in impoliteness when other conditions are the same. Say some impolite words to the obedient or third party, either omit or say them in a tactful and indirect manner. The principle of politeness requires people to minimize views that are harmful to others and beneficial to themselves in communication: minimize derogatory to others and appreciate themselves; minimize inconsistencies in views of others and emotional oppositions. To sum up, the principle of politeness is to minimize the belief in impoliteness when other conditions are the same, and to omit some impolite words to obedient people or third parties, or to say them in a tactful and indirect manner. The specific content of the principle of politeness is as follows: (1) Tact maxim (2) Generosity max im (3) Approbat ionmaxim (4) Modestymaxim (5) Consistency maxim (6) Sympathy maxim) The polite word means that the wording in the writing of business letters should be tactful and polite. This can not only establish a good image of the company and create a friendly negotiation atmosphere for cooperation between the two parties, but also leave room for everything and lay the foundation for further development of trade relations. For example, when confirming that you receive the other party’s letter, call and relevant trade certificate, you should express your sincere gratitude in polite language. Not only that, use polite and appropriate terms when making requests or expectations to the other party. It is conducive to solving the problem.
A American writer said that if you want to write well, you must meet the needs of readers, that is, consider the problem from the perspective of readers; analyze how readers understand the information, and then try to provide readers with what they need to solve the readers' problems; save their expenses; be considerate of their feelings and mirroring. There are still some problems in the translation of business English letters:
(1) Some people use outdated business terms, which will give people a pretentious feeling
(2) There are also some big words that will give people a feeling of indifference and lack of intimacy.
(3) The use of vague words can express different opinions in a tactful, implicit and polite manner, thereby alleviating embarrassment. Sometimes people blindly pursue the principle of "accuracy" and give up the use of vague words. These are all areas that require further research and improvement.
Through the research of business letter translation strategies by previous generations, the business letter translation strategy needs to be further strengthened. In this paper, the author should focus on studying the translation strategies of business letters in English and Chinese translation. Help our country find more suitable translation strategies. We hope to find obstacles in the translation and communication of business letters at home and abroad, which will help the friendly cooperation between the two parties.
5 References
Lcch, C. N. PRINCIPLES OF PRAGMATICS [M]. Longman, .1983.
Grice. H P. Logic and convernation [A]. In: Cole, P. . Mot-gan: Syntax and semantics Pmugmatics [C]. New York: Academic Preae,1975.
Brown, P, and Lerinson, s. Universale in language uage: politeness pbenomene (M]. Cambridge University Preo, 1978.
Jacob L. Mey. Pragmatics: An Introduction[M],Beiing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001
Leech G. Principles of pragmatics[M]. Longman Group Limited,1983
Bobbye D. S. Business Communication Fundamentals[M]. Ohio: Charles E. MerillPublishing Company, 1984.
talardJ. Smith E. Price S. Business Communication: Astrategic approach[M]. IRWIN: llinois Homewood, 1989.
Grice, H.P.1989. Logic and conversation. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
Morten, P.1990.Linguistic politeness in intercultural business communication. Poster presentation
Paula, M.1992.Politeness strategies in business letters by native and non-native English speakers.
Bilbow G.T. PhD, 2001.Write for modem business. Longman
Yule, G 2000. The Study of Language (2nded).Bejing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research
Liu Runqing. Regarding Leech's "Principle of Courtesy, "Foreign Language Teaching and Research", 1987(2)
Mei Guineng. The principle of courtesy of contemporary foreign trade letters English. China Science and Technology Translation, 2004,
Gu Riguo. Courtesy, Pragmatic and Culture [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1992 (4) .
Chen Guifeng. Misunderstandings and Countermeasures in Foreign Trade English Letter Writing []. Journal of Fujian Education College, 2003 (7)
Cai Yucheng. Pragmatic Analysis of Business English Rejection Letters Based on the Principle of "Peace" [J]. Journal of Changchun University, 2006 (9).
He Nan, Ran Yongping. Introduction to Pragmatics [M].. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Liao Shiqiao. New English Application Collection [ M].Beijing: Machinery Press, 1998.
Chen Jianlin, et al. Discussion on compiling three-dimensional textbooks for business English [J]. Foreign Language Electronic Teaching, 2003, (6): 44-47
Li Ruifang. Looking at the English expression problems of students in business context from the differences in thinking patterns between China and the West []. Tsinghua University Education Research, 2003, S1:19 -23.
Ding Hengqi. English translation of economic and trade culture and style must comply with international practices and expression problems of English-speaking countries []]. China Translation, 2004, (6) :92.
He Zhaoneng. Summary of new pragmatics [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002.
Si Fucheng. On the principle of courtesy in English business letters. Journal of Huaqiao University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2003, 103-106
Xian Xibiao. Business English Writing [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Education Press, 2002
Xu Xiaozhen. Business English Writing [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2007
Zhuge Lin. Business English Writing [M]. Beijing: China Foreign Economic Press, 2002
Chang Yutian. Foreign Trade Letter Writing [M]. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2004.
Zhang Xiujuan. How to realize the principle of courtesy in business English letters [J]. Shopping mall modernization, 2007(35).
