text/Li Guangrong
Dragon Boat Festival, behind the various festival customs, festival scenes and symbols, there are two unyielding heroes - Wu Zixu and Qu Yuan , and both of them are more well-known than names: Wu Zixu, famous person, and courtesy Zixu; Qu Yuan, name Ping, and courtesy Yuan, can be said to be "scattered by the host".
In the dark, God made this arrangement for their lives: they are both from Jingchu, are both famous for their loyal advice, are both wronged and die, and are both lost in the water. Sacrifices to historical figures such as Wu Zixu and Qu Yuan undoubtedly greatly enriched the cultural connotation of the Dragon Boat Festival. In the legends and activities that have been passed down for thousands of years, the people have personally experienced and understood the spirit of the sages and passed them on from generation to generation.
Most of the ancient political commentators and philosophers regarded Qu Yuan as the continuator of Wu Zixu, and "Wu Qu" or "Xu Yuan" are often compared. Eastern Han Ban Gu's "Han Shu·Biography of Wang Mang" says: "The Lord was sued by Xu Yuan and went away to visit the country." Tang Yan Shigu's notes quoted Ying Shao : "Xu Yuan is Zixu and Qu Yuan." Tang Li Bai 's poem "The Road is Difficult" says: "Since Zixu abandoned Wujiang, Qu Yuan finally joined the Xiang River." Wu Zixu and Qu Yuan were the two "wise men".
Qu Yuan was born more than 200 years later, and he admired the loyalty and virtuous people of his fellow villager Wu Zixu: "Loyalty does not need to be used, and virtuous does not need to be used; Wu Zi is in trouble, and he is better than a slaughter." ("Shejiang") In the dilemma of the country's right and wrong, Chu King believed in slander and rejected loyal and good people, Qu Yuan expressed his willingness to take Wu Zixu as an example, and did not hesitate to sacrifice his life for his country and follow him: "Floating in the Yangtze River and Huai River, he entered the Yangtze River and Huai River. The sea is like Zixu and adapts to Zixu." (" Sorrow Return Wind ") Note by Hu Wenying of the Qing Dynasty: "The tide of Zixu is in Zhejiang, so he must go from the Jianghuai River to the sea and from the sea to Zhejiang, and then he can go from Zixu to rest himself."
. Today, more than 2,000 years later, the dispute over the Dragon Boat Festival's surname "Wu" and "Qu" inadvertently accelerated the pace of applying for the Dragon Boat Festival to the World. In September 2009, three provinces and four places were selected as the "Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity" by "China's Dragon Boat Festival". The Dragon Boat Festival became China's first festival to be selected as the world intangible cultural heritage. Among them, the " Qu Yuan's hometown Dragon Boat Festival Customs " in Zigui County, Hubei, and the " Miluo River Dragon Boat Festival Customs " in Miluo City, Hunan, commemorates Qu Yuan, and the " Suzhou Dragon Boat Festival Customs" in Suzhou City, Jiangsu commemorates Wu Zixu.
Comparing the commemoration of the origin of Dragon Boat Festival Wu Zixu and commemorating Qu Yuan, we can find a common feature: they are all related to the sacrifice of water god .
Wu Zixu's life trajectory ended in the water; while another myth surfaced. Eastern Han Dynasty Yuan Kang "Yuejue Shu·Dexu Wai Biography" records that after Wu Zixu's death, "the king sent someone to donate it to the mouth of the river. The warriors held it, and there was a sound of raging spirit, as if the galloping horses were like a galloping horse, and the power of all things, returning to the sea of gods. It seemed that the sound of the sound was always there. Later generations said that it was the vain Xu." This is the first time that Wu Zixu was raised from an ordinary hero to the position of "god", which was actually the origin of "tide god". Wu Zixu turned into a "narcissus", which showed that his righteousness stirred the world and eternal existence of the world, and also showed the love and commemoration of the people of Wu. It is widely rumored among the people that "Zixu died and the daffodils are born", and "Sacrifice to Wu Zi and welcome the daffodils" has become an important part of the Dragon Boat Festival in Wu.
In 206 after Wu Zixu "dead from his neck", Qu Yuan threw himself into Miluo River with regret, and Qu Yuan was deified later than Wu Zixu. Eastern Jin Wang Jia's "Shiyi Ji·Dongting Mountain" says: "Qu Yuan was reprimanded by loyalty and hid in Yuan and Xiang,... He went to the cold water, which the Chu people admired, and called the water fairy. His spirit wandered in the Tianhe River, and the elves descended to Xiangpu at the time. Chu people erected a temple for it, but it was still there at the end of the Han Dynasty." Southern Liang Wu Jun's "Hi Qixie Ji " says: "Qu Yuan threw himself into Miluo on the afternoon of the afternoon, and the Chu people mourned him. Every day, he used a bamboo tube to store rice and threw him to water to worship him."
Wu Zixu and Qu Yuan both worried about the country and the people, and were slandered by others. He was buried in the river and became immortals one after another.Although the young fellow villager Qu Yuan has been admiring Wu Zixu for a long time, he was unable to meet because of the separation of dynasties, the kind people still tried every means to get them together. According to the "Taiwan County Chronicles", "The Narcissus Temple... is in the port of Xidingfang, worshiping King Dayu, and is equipped with Wu Yuan , Qu Ping , Wang Bo , and Li Bai." Wu Zixu fought side by side with Qu Yuan and other "Narcissus Kings", "An Lan protects the country, and is blessed by the masses."
About Wu Zixu and Qu Yuan were both "loyal and suspicious, and believed but slandered" and died. The two brothers and brothers must have many common topics. In the legendary "Miluosha" of Hu Lupeng in the late Qing Dynasty, Wu Jiang's fairy Wu Zixu and Xiang Jiang's fairy Qu Yuan traveled together on the Dragon Boat Festival day and "surfed the river" together: "Why should you be sad? You sing the Chu Ze sounds long, and I sing the flute and the Wu City sounds excited. In the end, the sword's neck is cold, the eyes are bright on the door, and the elves are prosperous on the water." It ended in the warm atmosphere of dragon boat racing on . Although his illusion does not kiss history, it confers the author's sympathy for loyal ministers, despair for reality, and uses people's meaning to achieve the goal of the fabled drama, perhaps this is more in line with the wishes of human peace. Although it is difficult to see the kingdom of heaven on earth, it is understandable to place ideals.
There is a Wuxiang Temple community in Taipingxi Town, Yiling District, Yichang City, Hubei Province. When the Three Gorges project construction was relocated, Wuxiang Temple also "immigrated" to this new town with its owner. Coincidentally, the Qu Yuan Temple in Zigui County, Yichang City was also moved to Phoenix Mountain on the opposite river. We are both on the upper reaches of the Three Gorges Dam, and on the good place to watch the dam. When these two fellow villagers who died in the water in a foreign land watched the dragon boat race together, I wonder how they felt? According to the editor-in-chief of Tang Ouyang Xun , "Arts and Residences of Arts and Cultures" quoting Yu Zhongyong's "Jingzhou Records": "There are Qu Yuan's House and Wu Xu Temple in Zigui County." Now they are facing each other across the river. I wonder what "Qu Yuan" thinks about the "brother" who has always wanted to follow him?
To these two fellow Chu State , famous Chu culture research expert, and professor at Yangtze University, once commented: "The ancient patriotism represented by Qu Yuan and the new type of patriotism of the whole nation represented by Wu Zixu and Li Si complement each other and complement each other, forming the basic content of the traditional patriotism of our people. This is a manifestation of the deep roots and luxuriant and profound spirit of Jingchu, and is a great contribution made by the Chu people to Chinese traditional culture ."
