2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Winner, picture from the Internet
Nobel Prize in Chemistry began in 1901 and was awarded by Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences on December 10 each year. The purpose of the award is to recognize those who have made the most important discoveries and inventions in the field of chemistry.
(a)
1901, Jacobs Henrix Vantov, Dutch chemist. Chemical kinetics laws and solution osmotic pressure were found.
1902, Hermann Fischer, German Empire chemist. Work in carbohydrates and purine synthesis.
1903, Sfant August Arenius, Swedish chemist. An ionization theory is proposed.
1904, Sir William Ramsey, British chemist. Inert gas elements in the air were found and their positions in the periodic table were determined.
1905, Adolf von Baier, chemist of the German Empire. Research on organic dyes and hydrogenated aromatic compounds has promoted the development of the organic chemistry and chemical industry.
1906, Henry Moisan, French chemist. The fluorine element was studied and isolated, and an electric furnace later named after him was used.
1907, Edward Bischner , German imperial chemist. Biochemical research work and cell-free fermentation was discovered.
1908, Ernest Rutherford, UK and New Zealand chemist. Research on elemental metamorphosis and radiochemistry.
1909, William Osterwald , chemist of the German Empire. Research on catalysis and the basic principles of chemical equilibrium and chemical reaction rate.
1910, Otto Wallach, chemist of the German Empire. The pioneering work in the field of cycloaliphatic compounds has promoted the development of the organic chemistry and chemical industry.
(Bi)
1911, Mary Curie , Polish chemist. Radium and polonium were discovered, purified radium and studied its elemental properties.
1912, Victor Greena , Paul Sabatzer , French chemist. The former invented Grignard reagent, and the latter invented the hydrogenation method of organic compounds in the presence of fine metal powder.
1913, Alfred Werner , Swiss chemist. Study intramolecular atomic connections, especially in the field of inorganic chemistry.
1914, Theodore William Richards, American chemist. The atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements was accurately measured.
1915, Richard Wilstedt, chemist of the German Empire. Study plant pigments, especially chlorophyll.
1916, no award was awarded.
1917, no award was awarded.
1918, Fritz Harber, chemist of the German Empire. Research on the synthesis of ammonia from elemental materials.
1919, no award was awarded.
1920, Walter Nester, German chemist. Study thermochemistry.
(III)
1921, Frederick Sodi , British chemist. Study on the chemical properties of radioactive substances and the origin and properties of isotopes.
1922, Francis Aston , British chemist. A large number of isotopes of non- radioactive element were discovered using a mass spectrometer and the integer rule was clarified.
1923, Fritz Pregel, , Austrian chemist. A microanalysis method for organic compounds was established.
1924, no award was awarded.
1925, Richard Adolph Sigmondi, German and Hungarian chemist. The heterophasic properties of colloidal solutions were clarified and relevant analytical methods were established.
1926, Theodor Svedebery, Swedish chemist. Research on dispersed systems.
1927, Heinrich Otto Weilan, German chemist. Research on bile acids and related substance structures.
1928, Adolf Windaus, German chemist. Study on the structure of steroids and their relationship with vitamins.
1929, Arthur HardenHardenHTM4 and Hans von Oyler-Cherpin, British and Swedish chemists. Research on fermentation of sugars and fermentation enzymes.
1930, Hans Fischer, German chemist. Study on the composition of heme and chlorophyll.
(IV)
1931, Karl Bosch and Friedrich Begius , German chemist. Invent and develop chemical high-pressure technology (Haber method).
1932, Irving Langmuir , American chemist. Research and discovery on surface chemistry (surface science).
1933, no award was awarded.
1934, Harold Yuri, American chemist. heavy hydrogen was discovered.
1935, Frederick Jorio-Curi and Ilen Jorio-Curi, French chemists. New radioactive elements were synthesized.
1936, Peter Debai, Dutch chemist. Learn about molecular structure by dipole moments and diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases.
1937, Walter Howworth and Paul Kahler, British and Swiss chemists. The former studies on carbohydrates and vitamin C, while the latter studies on carotenoids, flavin, vitamin A and vitamin B2.
1938, Richard Kuhn, Nazi German chemist. Research on carotenoids and vitamins.
1939, Adolf Butnante and Ravoslav Ruzicka, Nazi German and Swiss chemists. The former study of sex hormones, and the latter study of polymethylene and advanced terpenes.
1940, no award was awarded.
(V)
1941, no award was awarded.
1942, no award was awarded.
1943, George DeHavesi, Hungarian chemist. Isotopes are used as tracers in chemical process studies.
1944, Otto Hahn, Nazi German chemist. Fission of heavy nuclei was discovered.
1945, Alturi Ilmari Vertanin, Finnish chemist. Research and invention of agriculture and nutritional chemistry, especially feed storage methods are proposed.
1946, James B. Sumner, John Howard Northrop and Wendell Meredith Stanley, American chemists. The former discovered that enzymes can crystallize, while the latter two prepared high-purity enzymes and viral proteins.
1947, Robert Robinson , British chemist. Research on plant products of biological significance, especially alkaloids.
1948, Arne Tiselius, Swedish chemist. Research on electrophoresis phenomenon and adsorption analysis, especially on the complex properties of serum proteins.
1949, William Gioke , American chemist. Contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics , especially the study of substances in ultra-low temperature states.
1950, Otto Deers and Kurt Alder, West German chemists. Diene synthesis method was discovered.
(VI)
1951 Edwin Macmillan and Glenn Theodore Siberg, American chemist. The transuranium element was discovered.
1952, Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Lawrence Milrington Singer , British chemist. Distribution chromatography was invented.
1953, Hermann Staudinger, West German chemist. Research in the field of polymer chemistry.
1954, Linus Pauling , American chemist. Study the properties of chemical bonds and their application in the explanation of the structure of complex substances.
1955, Vincent Divinho, American chemist. Research on sulfur-containing compounds of biochemical importance, especially the first synthesis of peptide hormones.
1956, Cyril Hinselwood and Nikola Semenov, British and Soviet chemists. Study on the mechanism of chemical reaction.
1957, Alexander Robertoth Todd, British chemist. Study on nucleotide and nucleotide coenzyme.
1958, Frederick Sanger , British chemist. Research on protein structure composition, especially insulin.
1959, Yaroslav Hairowsky, Czechoslovak chemist. Polarographic analysis method was discovered and developed.
1960, Willard Libby, American chemist.Methods for dating using carbon 14 isotopes have been developed, and are widely used in archaeology, geology, geophysics and other disciplines.
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