Vocational education is an important part of my country's national education system and human resources development, and it undertakes the important task of providing high-skilled and applied talents to the society.
01 Number of colleges: Henan, Guangdong and Jiangsu the largest number of
As of June 2022, the number of higher vocational colleges in the country reached 1,522, including 33 undergraduate-level colleges and 1,429 junior college-level colleges. Public institutions account for 75.4%, while private institutions account for 24.6%.
From the perspective of regional distribution, Henan has the largest number, reaching 100. The second and third are Guangdong and Jiangsu, with 95 and 91 respectively; there are also Shandong, Sichuan, Hunan and Anhui, with 86, 82, 79 and 75 respectively.
Figure 1 Number of colleges and universities in each region
02 Type distribution: Science and engineering, comprehensive and financial institutions account for 75%
From the perspective of industry and discipline types, the first one is science and engineering institutions, accounting for about 42%; the second and third ones are comprehensive and financial institutions, accounting for about 24% and 9% respectively. The number of colleges and universities in medicine, normal schools, art, agriculture and forestry, and art ranks among the middle, accounting for between 4% and 7%; the number of colleges and universities in politics, law, language, sports, ethnic groups and other categories is relatively small, and the total proportion of the four is less than 5%.
Figure 2 Distribution of industry and subject types of higher vocational colleges
03 Number of students: Guangxi and Henan have the largest number of students
According to the statistics of the student scale data of more than 1,200 higher vocational colleges collected (Note: Because the student scale data of some higher vocational colleges cannot be obtained, this data is an incomplete statistics), it was found that the average number of students in higher vocational colleges across the country in 2021 was about 9,300. Among them, the total number of students in both universities has reached more than 13,600, and the total number of students in non-dual universities has reached about 8,600.
Figure 3 Some higher vocational colleges with a large number of students
From a regional perspective, Guangxi, Henan, Guangdong, Shandong, Shaanxi and other regions have more than 10,000 students, of which the average school size in Guangxi has reached about 13,000; in the second rank are Hebei, Guizhou, Chongqing, Jiangxi and other provinces, with an average school size of about 10,000 students; in the area with an average school size of less than 5,000 students are Ningxia, Qinghai and Beijing, among which Beijing higher vocational colleges have the smallest number of students, with an average school size of less than 3,000 students.
04 full-time teacher: Private universities have a greater growth rate
Teachers are the foundation of education and the source of education! According to the statistics of the "2022 Annual Report on the Quality of Higher Vocational Education", the number of full-time teachers in schools in 2021 was about 385, of which 399 were public higher vocational colleges per school and 341 were private higher vocational colleges. Relatively speaking, the number of teachers in private higher vocational colleges has increased significantly than that in public colleges and universities.
From a regional perspective, Henan has the highest average number of full-time teachers, reaching 538; Guangdong ranked second with an average of 529; Shandong ranked third with an average of 493. The average number of teachers in the above three provinces has increased by more than 15% compared with the data three years ago. Guangdong's growth is estimated to be more than 20%, which is a very large increase.
The provinces with more than 400 full-time teachers in schools include Chongqing, Jiangxi, Hebei, Gansu, Shaanxi and Jiangsu, with the average number of teachers in schools ranging from 400-466. In comparison, the number of full-time teachers in schools in Beijing, Ningxia, Qinghai and other regions is relatively low, all with less than 200 people.
Nationally, there are 28 colleges with more than 1,000 full-time teachers, 54 colleges with 800-1,000 people, 294 colleges with 500-800 people, 467 colleges with 300-500 people, 490 colleges with 100-300 people, and 94 colleges with less than 100 people, most of which are newly established higher vocational colleges.
Figure 4 Some higher vocational colleges with a large number of full-time teachers
05 invention patents: Zhejiang and Jiangsu colleges performed well
According to data monitoring, in 2021, a total of 504 higher vocational colleges across the country obtained 1 or more invention patent authorization, of which 221 colleges and universities obtained 5 or more invention patent authorizations, and 134 colleges and universities obtained 10 or more invention patent authorizations.
In 2021, the number of authorized invention patents obtained by higher vocational colleges across the country was 5,376. The number of students who received the average school was 3.54, more than doubled compared with 2018.
Table 1 National vocational college invention patent number ranking in 2021 (TOP30)
From a provincial perspective, the most awards to the invention patents are Zhejiang (14.8 items) and Jiangsu (14.5 items are both). Chongqing ranks third, with an average number of patents per school at 11.3. The following are Shandong (8.7 items), Henan (6.5 items), Guangdong (5.4 items) and Anhui (3.0 items). In comparison, higher vocational colleges in provinces such as Shanxi, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Hainan are generally weak in invention patents, with the average number of schools below 0.5.
06 Academic Papers: The number of publications shows a downward trend
1400 more than vocational colleges have published about 102,000 CNKI papers in 2021, with an average of about 72 articles per school.
From a provincial perspective, the top few are Jiangsu (149 articles per school), Shaanxi (128 articles), Guangdong (115 articles), and Zhejiang (103 articles). In comparison, the weaker areas are mainly Yunnan, Qinghai, Heilongjiang and other provinces. The specific situation of the top 20 provinces is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5 The average school value of CNKI papers in various provinces (TOP20)
From the perspective of industry and type, the schools have published a large number of CNKI papers in agriculture, forestry, comprehensive and financial institutions, with an average school value ranging from 80-100; language and sports institutions are relatively few, and the average school value of the number of papers published is less than 40; the average school value of other types of colleges such as science and engineering, medicine, normal school, politics and law, and art is between 40-80.
07 Scientific research and non-academic training funds: The highest colleges have exceeded 100 million yuan
21 461 colleges have paid more than 1 million yuan in horizontal technical services and technology transactions, 264 colleges have reached more than 5 million yuan, and 179 colleges have reached more than 10 million yuan.
In 2021, there are 316 colleges with vertical scientific research funds exceeding RMB 1 million, 85 colleges with vertical scientific research funds exceeding RMB 5 million, and 28 colleges with vertical scientific research funds exceeding RMB 10 million.
In 2021, there are 692 colleges and universities with funds of more than 1 million yuan in non-academic training, 339 colleges and universities with funds of more than 5 million yuan, 172 colleges and universities with funds of more than 10 million yuan, and 10 colleges and universities with funds of more than 50 million yuan, mainly from colleges and universities in the power and postal and telecommunications industries.
Figure 6 Some vocational colleges with a large amount of non-educational training funds
Source: Shenjian Evaluation
