Author: Xiao Cai
As we all know, karate is a Japanese national martial arts. Tens of millions of people around the world learn karate. The International Olympic Committee also listed karate as one of the competition events. Karate once had a glorious glory. However, the source of karate is a local boxing technique in China.
Today, the author will discuss the relationship between karate and Chinese martial arts.
The origin of karate
karate was not called karate at first, but was called " Tangshou ", as the name suggests, it is a fighting technique from Tang Tu (i.e. China).
According to legend, during the Hongwu period, the Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang sent 36 families from Fujian to Ryukyu to assist in the local construction, which was for the purpose of "The Thirty-Six Natives of Jiumi". The local boxing skills in Fujian were also brought to Ryukyu, and combined with the local fighting skills of Ryukyu, they developed into Tang Dynasty players.
Modern Karate Competition
However, Tang Shoudao was only circulated among the Ryukyu gentry and samurai class at first, and was not taught to the outside world. Until 1879, Japan annexed Ryukyu, and the Ryukyu gentry class no longer existed, and Tang Shou was in danger of being lost.
Some of the gentry who originally had official positions and salaries suddenly declined and turned to practice Tang Shu. Others, Ryukyu people who were dissatisfied with the Japanese rule, traveled to China, learned Chinese boxing and improved Tang Dynasty skills. Among these Ryukyu martial artists who came to China, Dong Enna, whose original name was Shin Seon-hee, could not be ignored.
Dong Ennakuanqu
Dong Ennakuanqu came from a gentry family. In his early years, he studied Tangshou with the Tangshou master Shizhang Aragaki for three years. Later, Dong Enna Kuanliang came to Fuzhou to practice martial arts from a Chinese martial artist called "Ruru Ge".
The identity of "Ru Ru Ge" is generally more credible than . is Xie Chongxiang, a Fujian martial artist in the early Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. Xie Chongxiang is from Changle County, with his nickname Ruru. His apprentice called him Rushi. He is proficient in Baihequan HTML and is a famous boxer in Fujian. Xie Chongxiang's nickname is Ruru, and his age is larger than Dong Enna, so it is very reasonable to call Xie Chongxiang "Ruru Ge".
Baihequan
Dong Enna Kuanliang learned martial arts with "Ruru Ge" and also discussed with the Ryukyu Tangshou martial artist Hu Cheng Yizheng and Shangdi Wanwen. Dong Enna's martial arts skills have gone to the next level and have the strength to become a master of the generation. Dong Enna Kuanliang later returned to Okinawa and opened a dojo, teaching outstanding disciples such as the Miyagi Changshun, Momoto Inhyun and other outstanding disciples.
Until now, the four major schools of karate have all the bloodlines of Dong Enna Kuanliang. In the middle of the palace, Changshun, founded Harmony and Soft Ryu, Momoto In-hyun, and founded Otsuka Hiroki and , Fungo Yoshijin, who were once guided by Momoto In-hyun, later created Wadao and Matsutao Kanliang respectively. It can be seen that Dong Enna Kuanliang has had such a great impact on Karate.
Karate Hard and Soft Flow Founder Miyagi Changshun
Baihequan
Dong Enna Kuanquan learned a lot of the routines of Baihequan. What is special about this kind of Fujian boxing that has made a generation of masters devote themselves to learning?
Today's Baihe Boxers all regard Fang Qiniang as the founder. Fang Qiniang was born in the late Ming Dynasty and was originally from Lishui, Zhejiang. Her father Fang Zhong was proficient in Red Fist and Changquan . In order to avoid the war in the Ming Dynasty, his family moved to Fujian Ningde .
According to legend, one day when Fang Qiniang was embroidering flowers by the lake, she saw two white cranes fighting in the distance. Fang Qiniang noticed that the movements of the two white cranes had regular rhythms and believed that the movements of the white cranes fighting can be applied to human fighting. Therefore, she often came to the lake to observe the dynamics of the crane group, pay attention to their breathing and details, and incorporated the expression of the white crane into the red fist and long fist, and slowly formed the white crane fist.
Fang Qiniang went to Fujian Yongchun County to teach her disciples after marriage, and later generations called it Yongchun White Crane Fist. In the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the Fujian Navy Admiral Shi Lang entered Taiwan and successfully eliminated the Ming Zheng regime. He also brought a Ming army instructor named Bai Rong from Taiwan, bringing the boxing technique "stabilizing force" passed down by the Ming army into the boxing principles of Baihequan. From then on, the Baihe technique became more perfect.
After more than two hundred years of development in the Qing Dynasty, the White Crane Fist has developed four branches - flying cranes, singing cranes, ling cranes and eating cranes. Overall, Baihe Fist focuses on the force of shaking both arms, and the action is like shooting an arrow. The boxing technique focuses on joint force and finger force. It also pays attention to the techniques of sucking, shaking, and shaking. The feet include kicking, hooking, sweeping, etc.
Karate system: Mo Wen Renxian, the founder of Dongliu, and
The relationship between Baihequan and Karate
00 in the Qing Dynasty was relatively mature. After learning the theory of Baihequan, Dongenna Kuanliang gradually created a unique style of hard and soft karate. So how similar are the two?
First of all, the first set of fists taught by most karate schools is called "Three Battles", and the first set of fists of Baihe Fist is also called "Three Battles". The main reason for the "Three Battles" of the two is that the techniques are slightly different, but the way of exerting force and the principle of movement are exactly the same. The close relationship between karate and Baihe Fist is obvious.
Furthermore, routines such as the twelve joint force and twenty-eight constellations also appear in Baihequan and Karate. The pronunciation of these two routines is similar to that of Fuzhou dialect in the present day, so Baihequan and Karate are in a certain way.
Songtao Pavilion founder Fune Yuijin
21st century, karate martial artists from Okinawa came to Fujian to visit Xie Chongxiang's tomb, which can be said to confirm Xie Chongxiang's grace to Dong Enna Kuanliang.
The development of modern karate
In the 1930s, Ryukyu martial artists taught Tang Shou in Japan, and Tang Shou was soon recognized as one of the Japanese martial arts by the Great Japanese Martial Arts Association.
By 1936, in order to eliminate China's influence on Ryukyu, the Japanese authorities changed the name of Tang Hand to "empty hand" based on the concept of "empty" in the Prajna Heart Sutra. Under the coercion and temptation of Japanese militarism, many Tang hand martial artists had to agree that "Tang hand" was renamed "Zushi".
Since then, the name "Tang Hand" has only been circulated in some old martial arts halls in Ryukyu. However, the Japanese right wing successfully portrayed it as a local Japanese martial arts by "cultural plagiarism".
Karate has since developed rapidly in Japan. After World War II, the All-Japanese Karate Association was established, and karate was established as the national martial arts of Japan. In the 1950s, a young man named Dashanbeda founded the full-contact nude hand (also known as extreme vacuum hand ), advocating actual combat and direct hitting.
Oyama Beda often performs in public to pinch Japanese 10 yuan coins with his fingers, and once cut the wine bottle with his hand knife. In addition, he repeatedly beat the bull to death or break his horns with bare hands, and tried to fight the black bear in one go in Hokkaido.
Dashanbeda
Dashanbeda successfully attracted a large number of Jivacuum apprentices. By the time he died, Jizhen Guild Hall had become one of the largest martial arts groups in the world, with a total of branch dojos in 120 countries and more than 10 million registered members.
Oyama Beda is undoubtedly a martial artist who has pushed karate to the world, but many people don’t know that Oyama Beda was originally named Choi Beda. Like the Japanese wrestling king of the same period, “Lidao Mountain” (Lidao Mountain was originally named Kim Shinrao)), they are both Koreans in Japan.
Lidaoshan
Therefore, the Japanese extreme right wing once criticized that karate was not Japanese national martial arts, because "karate comes from Chinese martial arts, brought to Japan by Ryukyu people, and then promoted by the Koreans. There is no trace of Japanese inside, so there is no place to be proud of."
What is even less well-known is that General Choi Hongxi, the founder of South Korean Taekwondo, learned karate when he was young, and even set up a Tang-handed Gang Hall in South Korea. Taekwondo also has the gene of White Crane Fist.
