took 228 days, and the large-scale water leakage treatment and dangerous rock reinforcement and protection project of Fengxian Temple, Longmen Grottoes, Henan was completed on July 21. This is another large-scale protection project in Fengxian Temple after 50 years since the 1970s. Peeling onion video produces
. Cross the sunshine of the East Mountain, passes through the water surface of the Yihe River, and shines into the Longmen Grottoes group in the West Mountain.
The safe construction area in front of the big Buddha of Lushe, Fengxian Temple, several workers stood vertically on the scaffolding and dismantled the steel pipes of the wooden board with bare hands. With the removal of the scaffolding and green net covering the large statue niche, the real appearance of the Lushenara Buddha gradually revealed.
"Da Lushena Statue Niche" is the largest cliff statue niche excavated in Longmen Grottoes, and is also the most representative work in the Tang Dynasty sculpture art. The Great Buddha Lushe conquered tourists at home and abroad with his "feelings of beauty, rare, like the moon and the sun". However, for thousands of years, water leakage and dangerous rock mass have been the main diseases that threaten the safety of cultural relics here.
In December last year, the Fengxian Temple water leakage management and dangerous rock reinforcement and protection project began. The project scope ranges from the bottom of Fengxian Temple to the upper mountain height is close to 50 meters and the width is about 70 meters. On July 19 this year, the project passed the preliminary acceptance of completion organized by the Luoyang Municipal Cultural Relics Bureau, nearly two months ahead of the original plan.
228 days, all those who once followed the scaffolding to approach the big Buddha with a height of 17.14 meters and a head height of 4 meters will be shocked by the perspective of the face-to-face ancient craftsmen. They sigh that this is a rare opportunity once in 50 years. After the scholars and artists invited by the Longmen Grotto Institute took the shelf, they silently had silent conversations with the big Buddha, while others were so excited that they burst into tears.
Disease
In January 2000, Longmen Grottoes were included in the World Heritage List. Evaluation of the review meeting of the World Heritage Committee: The grottoes and Buddhist niches in the Longmen area show the most large-scale and excellent plastic arts in China from the late Northern Wei Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty (493-907). These works of art that describe Buddhist religious subjects represent the highest peak of Chinese stone carving art. Shi Jiazhen, director of Longmen Grottoes Research Institute, said that the Fengxian Temple sculptures, with their magnificent style of the royal cave of the Tang Dynasty and the important position of the "Tianzi No. 1" merit cave during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, reflect the high-spirited, broad and inclusive atmosphere and powerful material and spiritual power.
Shi Jiazhen said that as a royal project, Longmen Grottoes have top-notch designs, top teams and limestones that are most suitable for fine carvings. However, because of the lithologic nature of the lithologic stone, it is susceptible to the dissolution and erosion of running water, as well as the formation and structure of Xishan Mountain, dangerous rock bodies and water leakage have always been the main disease that threatens the safety of Longmen Grottoes' cultural relics.
Ma Chaolong, director of the Grotto Protection Research Center of Longmen Grotto Research Institute, said that water leakage causes the rock mass to dissolve, and the dissolved objects re-form calcium carbonate on the surface of the cave carvings. "The statues are carved on stones. If the stone "gets sick", the cultural relics will also be affected."
The lithologic changes in Longmen West Mountain vary greatly in lateral direction, which is prone to cracking cracks. In ancient times, the digging of grottoes required cutting the mountains into walls, which destroyed the overall structure of the original cliff, resulting in cracks crisscrossing and dangerous situations. Dangerous rock bodies will not only threaten the safety of cultural relics, but may also damage tourists.
On July 29, 2022, in Guyang Cave, construction workers dealt with water leakage at the top of the cave. Beijing News reporter Chen Jie, photographed by
Ma Chaolong's mobile phone, there was a video of Lushen's big Buddha sitting on the left side of the side, wearing a flower crown on his head, there was a crack spraying water on the upper right side of the Bodhisattva's right face. The splashing water flowed down from the Bodhisattva's right face, bounced up and fell on the necklace on his chest, and finally sprinkled all over his skirt. "If it was not for rainy days, it would be difficult for us to find the seepage place without a pressurized water test."
Whether it is official or private protection and repair work has never stopped, and traces of ancient restoration and drawing can still be seen on some stone statues.In the Tang Dynasty, a "man"-shaped drainage ditches were excavated above Fengxian Temple to prevent water leakage and erosion of the Buddha; in the Song Dynasty, there was a Bazuosi, which was specifically responsible for the protection and repair of cultural relics, buildings, and the "The Record of the Eleven People of the East Bazuosi, the Great Buddha" was engraved on the pedestal of Lushen's Great Buddha.
In the 1960s, several professors from the China University of Geosciences conducted geological surveys in the Longmen Grottoes. In 1961, the State Science and Technology Commission included the three major diseases of Longmen Grottoes, the collapse of the cave surrounding rock, the weathering of carvings, and the leakage of caves" in the ten-year scientific research plan.
Fengxian Temple reinforcement project from 1971 to 1974 was the first large-scale grotto repair and reinforcement project in China. The chemical grouting and steel rivet rods used at that time effectively prevented the collapse of the surrounding rocks of the grottoes and the collapse of carvings.
The "Longmen Grottoes Comprehensive Management Project" implemented from 1987 to 1992 has curbed the seepage of the caves to a certain extent, and the ancient drainage ditches of Fengxian Temple continued to the Wanfo Cave. The tour roads were opened to the main caves, and the overall appearance of the Longmen Grottoes has been greatly improved.
Ma Chaolong said that the role played by the project continued to this day. Although there were seams and patches during this period, there were no major repairs.
7 htmlOn July 24, overlooking Longmen Grottoes. Photo by Chen Jie, reporter of the Beijing News
Two overhauls, 50 years apart,
From 1971 to 2021, the two overhauls, Fengxian Temple of Longmen Grottoes, were 50 years apart.
67-year-old stonemason Liu Jianshe is the only protector of the Longmen Grottoes Research Institute who participated in the overhaul of Fengxian Temple twice. He is familiar with the more than 2,800 existing caves and niches in the east and west mountains of Longmen Grottoes.
17 years old, Liu Jianshe followed his father to participate in the last protection project. Liu Jianshe said that the Buddha at that time could be described as tragic. There were holes in the top of his head and body. A 3-5 cm crack from the hairline to the lower jaw penetrated through his left face, the left nose and lips were missing, and the right arm was shaking. The statue of the Heavenly King on the west side of the southern wall of the large niche collapsed to the ground, and needed to be lifted and returned to the position and adhered.
In order to strengthen the right arm of Lushe's Buddha, the workers used a 4-meter-long, 24-mm diameter ordinary round steel , which was 4-meter long and 24-mm in diameter, and inserted the stone vertically from the crack surface through drilling, then grouted into the hole, and finally sealed it. According to data, 20 anchors were used at that time, with a grouting volume of 1,200 kg.
67-year-old stonemason Liu Jianshe is the only protector at Longmen Grottoes Research Institute who participated in the overhaul of Fengxian Temple twice. He also led a team to "treat" the water leakage problem in Guyang Cave. Photo by Chen Jie, Beijing News reporter
In November 2020, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Protection and Utilization of Grotto Temples". The "Opinions" clarified ten main tasks, and the first priority is to increase the rescue and protection of grotto temples.
After that, the water leakage control and protection project of Fengxian Temple in Longmen Grottoes (hardened rock mass) was launched, and the approval was strictly carried out in accordance with the project establishment, survey, design, and plan approval procedures. The project will be approved by the State Administration of Cultural Relics and shall be implemented in accordance with the protection plan approved by the State Administration of Cultural Relics and approved by the Henan Provincial Administration of Cultural Relics in June 2021.
Ma Chaolong said that this protection project is to repair the dangerous rock bodies on the top and sides of the Buddha, and does not involve the body of the Buddha Lushenara.
was set up in the square in front of Fengxian Temple, an exhibition board that details the overhaul. The researchers used ground-penetrating radar detection, infrared imaging technology, 3D scanning and mapping digital technology, etc. to conduct preliminary survey and design and plan preparation of the project. At the construction site, the "Investigation Map of Fractures and Water Seepage Diseases in Fengxian Temple" compiled using 3D scanning and mapping results fully demonstrated to the public the "root of Fractures" of Fengxian Temple - tectonic fissures.
According to the data provided by Longmen Grottoes Research Institute, during the project, the staff took measures to combine sealing and drainage, mainly completing the micro-crack sealing and grouting of 2,806 square meters of peak cracks in Fengxian Temple area, repairing 106 meters of ancient drainage ditches, adding 89.4 meters of drainage ditches, adding 62 meters of dripping eaves, and 12 water pressure test drills.
Dangerous rock mass has always been the main disease that threatens the safety of cultural relics. The engineering team adopted a combination of rescue protection and preventive protection to use reinforcement measures of anchor anchoring combined with chemical grouting bonding for the dangerous rock mass in Fengxian Temple.This project reinforces 68 large dangerous rock bodies, bonds 1,107 square meters of broken rock bodies, installs 600 square meters of passive protection nets, and active protection nets 2,970 square meters, providing guarantees for the safety of cultural relics and tourists.
, and sealing the seepage point on a 20-meter-high scaffold is tantamount to "air embroidery". Liu Jianshe told reporters that the edge of the seal must be tightly compatible with the grotto body and cannot spill out. "This tests the technology and tolerance." This time, the leakage treatment uses partial kaolin grouting materials, which are non-toxic and environmentally friendly and water-controlled. For cracks on the surface of the cave, a new type of repair mortar is also used; for the reinforcement of dangerous rock bodies, the glass fiber anchor rod is used to replace the original rebar anchor rod, which is lighter in weight and more corrosion-resistant, and the tensile strength is also greater.
40,000 meters of steel pipe, 8,000 square meters of protective net, and 6,900 square meters of scaffolding. It took a lot of time to build the "full hall frame" of Fengxian Temple overhaul. "The shelf is built for a month," said Ma Chaolong.
For the purpose of protecting cultural relics, scaffolding construction requires that it must not touch the wall surface, but also maintain a distance. The construction workers adopted the "cantilever rod" process, connected the rock anchor points to the scaffolding, and installed anti-fall nets and protective nets to ensure that the rack is more stable.
Unexpected harvest
During the project, with the help of scaffolding, Longmen Grottoes joined forces with multiple colleges and research institutes to form a scientific research team, using microwave moisture meter , X-ray fluorescence spectrometer , Raman spectrometer , infrared imager , magnetic susceptibility meter , phes hardness meter, Geological radar and earthquake resonance frequency imaging, ultrasonic non-destructive detection and other high-tech means were detected and analyzed, and technical parameters that characterize the objective existence status of the cultural relics, such as the moisture content of the surface of Lushenar Buddha, surface pigment composition, rock mineral composition, surface temperature of the Buddha's body at different times, the magnetism of the Buddha's body, the magnetic susceptibility, hardness, the thickness of the surface repair layer and the integrity of the Buddha's body, etc., providing basic data for the analysis of the disease development level and cause, forming a complete "physical examination report" for grotto diseases.
Ma Chaolong told reporters that modern technology plays an increasingly significant supporting role in the protection and utilization of grotto temples, which will help achieve the transformation from rescue protection to preventive protection. According to the "physical examination report", the anchor reinforcement measures adopted by the project 50 years ago have been determined to be effective so far, which can effectively improve the stability of the Lushenar Buddha structure.
lossless "physical examination" also detected "unexpected harvest". The group of sculptures in the large-scale niche were detected with gold and silver elements in a large area; Samantabhadra Bodhisattva 's face generally has a smooth white coating. After analysis, the main component is Lead white . "Lead white is an important pigment for ancient paintings and cosmetics. It not only provides a good interface for pigment adhesion and gold foil bonding, but also plays a certain role in resisting natural weathering," explained Ma Chaolong.
The right eye of the big Buddha who served Samantabhadra Bodhisattva on the right side of Lushen, retained the complete glass eyeball, which was dark green, with uniform texture and shining brightly. The eyeball of the left eye retained half of the outer side. Although the Great Buddha Lusher has no eyeballs in his eyes, it can be inferred from the trumpet-shaped wedge similar to Samantabhadra Bodhisattva that it should also have an eye structure similar to Samantabhadra when creating the statue.
Walking to Lushe's head and looking closely, you will find that Lushe's face is apart from some old shell-shaped scars, long strips, and broken and peeling parts of the tip of the nose and corners of the mouth, the body is protected very well. The Buddha's lips were slightly closed, the corners of his mouth were deep, and there were green painted marks on the left ear. The head of the King of the North Wall, the hair crowns of several other statues, and the clothes pattern were distributed in a small amount of green, purple, and red painted pigments.
A three-purpose
Shi Jiazhen went to Longmen Grottoes Research Institute as the president in 2020, and that year was also the 20th anniversary of the successful application for World Heritage in Longmen Grottoes. Shi Jiazhen, who graduated from the Department of History, Zhengzhou University in 1986, is now a second-level researcher and enjoys Special allowance from the State Council , and is a doctoral supervisor.
Shi Jiazhen said that his experience was very simple.Before coming to Longmen Grottoes Research Institute, he was the director of Luoyang Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute and held a certificate of qualification for archaeological team leader issued by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. In 1998, 2007, 2012 and 2013, the excavation project he presided over was rated as one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in the country of the year. In 1998, 2008 and 2009, he won the Field Archaeology Award of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage three times.
Director of Longmen Grottoes Research Institute Shi Jiazhen proposed the "Longmen Model" to synchronize cultural relics protection and archaeology. Photo by Chen Jie, Beijing News reporter
Although he is a big name in field archaeology and has been to Longmen Grottoes many times, "but like most tourists, he is a passerby. He only knows that it is a scenic spot. At most, he knows that as the world cultural heritage is very exquisitely carved, but how exquisite it is, he knows it but not why it is," said Shi Jiazhen, but in the following two months, his understanding changed a lot.
"In the past, I was in the front line of the fields, and it was enough to just stare at the archaeological excavation site in my eyes. Now it has changed. As the Archaeological Research Institute and the Grotto Institute, we must think more and face more." "In the past, those who do archaeology were always used to watching hard and guarding hard. Now, we must think about how to display these discoveries and how to make precious historical information conducive to social development. This is the responsibility of the archaeologists in the times."
"Longmen Grottoes are a depression, with so many relics, so many stories, and so many arts, which can be told to society with our professional interpretation, an open and collaborative mentality and innovative measures, so that the exquisite cultural heritage can be better presented to the whole world and let the whole world experience the brilliant side of Chinese civilization," said Shi Jiazhen.
This time, the water leakage treatment and protection project of Fengxian Temple is a rescue repair, and at the same time, it is simultaneously used to analyze archaeological discoveries and data collection, providing a basis for the next step of formulating the overall 5-10-year protection plan for the Longmen Grottoes. Relying on scaffolding, one frame is a three-purpose, which is Shi Jiazhen’s innovative move.
"In order not to affect tourists' viewing, the original shelf left the body of the big Buddha Lushe. President Shi acted decisively and did whatever he wanted. After discussing with the design and construction party, he began to layer the shelf, adding boards to each layer and adding them to the Buddha statue," Gao Junping, director of the Longmen Grottoes Information Center, told reporters.
Construction workers are removing dust for the Lushen Buddha in Fengxian Temple. Photo by Chen Jie, Beijing News reporter
"We entered the site on April 20 to use scaffolding to collect data. We divided more than 500 units into the total. The statues discovered this time are in close-fitting gold foil and glass as eye-making. Using digital technology, we can realize the virtual restoration of the shape and painting of the large statue of Fengxian Temple, and the authentic output photosensitive resin printing is reproduced, and the scene of the Tang Dynasty is reproduced."
In Gao Junping's view, the cultural relics of the grotto temple have been in an open-air natural environment for a long time, and objectively speaking, they will eventually be destroyed. While protecting and delaying cultural relics, it is urgent to establish digital archives for digital protection. With the blessing of 3D digital technology , the immovable grotto statues can go out and come alive.
, director of the Longmen Grottoes Historical Humanities Research Center, said that President Shi has always emphasized that the archaeology of the Longmen Grottoes is the best means of protection. The purpose of archaeology of the cave temple is to absorb the data information of cultural relics to the greatest extent. After data analysis, digital technology is used to restore the authenticity of cultural relics, thereby reproducing its original appearance and experience.
takes advantage of the rare "full hall frame", from June to July, Lu Wei led a team to conduct a comprehensive archaeological survey of Fengxian Temple.
In the investigation of architectural relics, dozens of small holes on the facade of the eaves of the large niche and dozens of square holes on the top of the niche were found. Among them, there are a row of square holes in a straight line between the north and the south, which is difficult to detect and measure in normal times; the beam holes on the north and south walls have stone single-head arches and slurry at the ends; small square holes and wedge-shaped slots were found for the first time on the inner bottom of some square holes. These data are of great value for future study of the characteristics, structure and construction era of wooden structures before the cave at that time.
Lu Wei said that in the investigation of the large statue niche carving of Fengxian Temple, the team members conducted detailed measurements and comprehensive text records and high-definition photos on all relics, including buildings and statues, and obtained a large amount of accurate measurement data, which played an important role in correcting and clarifying some early data.
In addition, it was found that the Buddha's backlight and headlight of Lushe's Buddha, such as tangled branches and lotus patterns, are also exquisitely carved music and craft carvings on the left and right sides of the backlight, including more than ten bodies of musical instruments. The instruments include drums, horizontal flute , straight neck pipa , curved neck pipa, Ruan Xian, horizontal flute, zizhu , guzheng , sheng, etc., which reflect the aesthetic thoughts, popular patterns and some of the palace music of the Tang Dynasty Luoyang , Chang'an , and the east and west capitals.
The right side of the Buddha, the big Buddha, is carved with duck decorations in the flower crown; the statue of the Heavenly King is decorated with gorgeous armor, with birds and fear heads and facial decorations, etc.
During the Kaiyuan period, 106 eunuchs including Gao Lishi , provincial eunuchs, praying for , Tang Xuanzong , and other Buddha seats with more than 40 heights, standing Buddhas, and carved with many Heavenly Kings, Lishi and Yasha. Lu Wei said that there has been no previous attention and research, and it is difficult to conduct a comprehensive investigation. This investigation found that there were many, the carvings were unique, and the combination relationships were diverse, which was very interesting, and many were rare in gantry.
The archaeological report of Fengxian Temple will also be completed before the "14th Five-Year Plan". Lu Wei said that at the same time, the archaeological report of Guyang Cave , Dongshan Kanjing Temple and the north area and Xiangshan Temple must be completed.
In late July, construction workers demolished the scaffolding in front of the Lushen Buddha. Photo by Chen Jie, reporter of Beijing News
Gantry mode
July 29, most of the scaffolding in front of Fengxian Temple had been removed. In Guyang Cave, Li Xiaoxia from the History and Humanities Research Center of Longmen Grottoes Research Institute and several young female colleagues were standing on the shelf to do the written record of the archaeological investigation report. "This work requires us to record the natural cracks, collapses, weathering, man-made stolen, protection and restoration seen on the site, and ancient carving ruins, etc. in a comprehensive, all-round and indiscriminate manner."
Guyang Cave is the earliest and most abundant grotto for the Longmen Grottoes. It was first carved during the Taihe period of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (493). The cave was 11.2 meters high, 6.9 meters wide, and 13.7 meters close to it. The scale was extremely grand. The entire wall and even the top of the cave were covered with more than 1,000 niches of different sizes and forms. The Lord Buddha presents the Central Plains style of praising clothes and broad belts, and beautiful bones and clear images.
Most of the ancient Yang Cave Buddha niches are engraved with "Shadows" and are as many as 800 entries. It is the cave with the most statues preserved in Chinese grottoes. It represents the "Twenty-Two Grades of Dragon Gate" that represents the essence of Weibei . Here, there are 19 Grades.
The light in the cave is dark and humid and stuffy. The scaffolding divides the cave from the top of the cave to the ground into 6 layers. Even if it is close to the identification of the inscriptions and patterns, it is very difficult to see. Li Xiaoxia told her new colleague, "You must read it hard, understand it, and look carefully until there is nothing to see."
The archaeological team of Longmen Grottoes Research Institute carried out archaeological work in Guyang Cave. Photo by Chen Jie, Beijing News reporter
But if there is no shelf condition, as a tourist, you look up at a Buddha statue that is eight or nine meters high or the top of the cave, no matter how you look at it, you will not see so many details. Even if there is a shelf, many unclear details that cannot be seen clearly by the naked eye need to be taken through the simplest mobile phone to help identify them.
In Guyang Cave, the Information Center of Longmen Grottoes Research Institute is doing another thing - through three-dimensional reconstruction and mapping, obtaining high-precision, high-resolution, real and complete cave data, providing basic data for the protection, research, display and management of Longmen Grottoes.
Gao Junping told reporters that the most important thing for Longmen Grottoes to do digital work is to scan all the niches and caves, and then establish scientific and systematic digital archives to achieve the purpose of permanent preservation and orderly utilization; then it should be combined with cultural relics protection, research, archaeology, restoration, disease monitoring, etc., digital protection can be said to be the most fundamental means of protection.
"Last year, we started to cooperate with the Li Zhirong team of the Institute of Cultural Heritage of Guyang Cave and the Li Zhirong team of Zhejiang University, using a combination of high-precision laser scanning orthophotographs of joint arm, multi-image photogrammetry, and large-scene laser scanning to collect the most realistic data. Next, we will try a new model of digital archaeological reporting."
In the Guyang Cave, Li Zhirong's team from the Institute of Cultural Heritage of Zhejiang University used high-precision laser scanning of orthophoto images to collect data. Photo source: "In Luoyang" team. Photo by
. The text record part of the archaeological report is checked, supplemented and modified over and over again based on the descriptions of his predecessors. Li Xiaoxia said that digitization is equivalent to giving us a brighter pair of eyes, which can help our descriptions be more accurate.
The digital work of Longmen Grottoes has another main focus, which is the research and display of virtual combinations and resets of damaged cultural relics and scattered cultural relics.
In 2021, Longmen Grottoes Research Institute proposed the concept of digital virtual restoration of scattered cultural relics of "friendly cooperation, multi-track unity, data aggregation, and results sharing", and used new technologies and new methods to create the "Langer model" of "data aggregation" of scattered cultural relics at home and abroad.
reporter learned that the Longmen Grottoes Research Institute has used D printing technology to restore the four niches of Guyang Cave, as well as the missing Buddha heads such as the Vajra Liss on the outside of the northern wall of Fengxian Temple, allowing them to realize the "body-head-in-one" in the virtual space. It also cooperated with the Center for the Plastic Art of Xi'an Jiaotong University and the East Asian Art Center of the University of Chicago to jointly carry out three-dimensional data collection and physical restoration projects for scattered cultural relics including "The Emperor and Empress's Retreat Buddha Picture".
Shi Jiazhen said that the digital achievements of Longmen Grottoes must be transformed, and archaeological achievements must be combined with history, culture, religion and art for in-depth research. Only through in-depth research can we fully discover the information and value of cultural relics and fully release the excellent traditional cultural heritage left by our ancestors.
"Longmen Grottoes already have an academic research expert steering committee and a cultural relic protection expert steering committee. Next, we will establish an art research expert steering committee to in-depth excavate the artistic value of Longmen Grottoes."
Kanjing Temple on the north side of Wanfogou, Dongshan, Longmen Grottoes, is one of the most important caves in Longmen Grottoes in the Tang Dynasty. The 29 Arhat sculptures have a strong realistic style. The top of the cave is a lotus caisson, and the middle is lotus pod , with lotus petals outside. caisson has six bodies flying around and flying, full of momentum.
A team of a three-dimensional technology company in Beijing where Wang Di and others have collected data for three months. "The information of residual cultural relics has been extracted using high-tech means, including cliffs, rocks, caves, niches, statues, reliefs, caissons, environments, etc., and every inch must be scanned to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the data." Then, the multi-image photogrammetry was organized and researched, and the multi-image photogrammetry was combined with the laser scanning model, thereby restoring the originality and recreating the original style of the cultural relics.
Entering the digital cave of Jingshan Temple on the computer, walking through the cave niche is like walking from this room to that room, the smoke and diseases on the wall are also clear at a glance. Click the mouse to raise your perspective to the top of the cave or lower it to the bottom of the cave, and there will be no distortion at any angle. Ability to enlarge the details, such as the small Buddha on the backlight of the main Buddha statue, click the top of the head and the soles of the feet with the mouse to calculate the most accurate height, and circle it can calculate the area and volume.
"This is completely different from the "fake three-dimensional" I saw before. It is actually a three-dimensional reconstruction made of a panoramic picture, which will cause distortion when stretched," said Gao Junping.
"You can't have such a feeling when you are on the ground." Gao Junping said, "Everyone is doing 3D, but the authenticity and precision are completely different. The high-precision modeling of these cultural relics exhibits has also continuously put forward higher requirements for virtual reality modeling methods and data acquisition equipment, and has also promoted the development of virtual reality ."
"In the future, a three-dimensional model will be built in the Great Solemn Kan. Wearing a VR helmet and looking at the Big Buddha of Lushe, it will be as close as you are on the scaffolding today," said Gao Junping.
Beijing News reporter Liu Min
Editor Hu Jie Video production Chen Jie Proofreading Zhao Lin
