Included in the original book is a note from Tian Hongdu, who was in charge of the library affairs of Yenching University from 1929 to 1941, to Wu Yanshao, mentioning that Wu "is willing to transfer the sixty-four types of books from the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties collected by

In June 2019, one of the Ming Zhengde engravings of "Pi Zi Wen Sou" recorded in the "Qin Ding Tian Lu Lin Lang Bibliography" collected by Wu's Gu YuzhaiSuzhou Jiaqutang Yuan's "Pi Zi Wen Sou" (Picture 1-4) was written by Wu Xiqi Donated by the couple, it was officially collected into the collection of Suzhou Museum . This book is No. 761 recorded in Liu Qiang's "Tianlu Linlang Zhijianlu" (Figure 5). The original book contains a letter from Tian Hongdu, who was in charge of the library affairs of Yenching University from 1929 to 1941, to Wu Yanshao (1869- In 1944, the letter was sent to Tsuen. The ancestor of Wu Xiqi, a native of Suzhou, mentioned in a letter (Fig. 6) that the Wu family was "willing to sell the sixty-four types of books from the Song and Yuan Dynasties collected by Tianlu Linlang", but the transaction was not completed. According to Liu Qiang's "Ma Heng's Diary", Liu Qiang speculated that at the end of June 1949, Wu Fengpei (1909-1996, also known as Yunian, the father of Wu Xiqi) negotiated a price and sold the remaining copies of "Tianlu Linlang" in his family collection to the Forbidden City, and finally transferred them to the Beijing Library. Regarding the exact time of his return to the public, "Zhijianlu" does not mention it. In addition, how many kinds of Tianlu Linlang were collected by Wu's Guyuzhai, and what was their subsequent transfer process and their final destination? There are still many unsolved mysteries. The author has asked Ms. Liu Qiang for advice before, but is still not sure whether the "Tianlu Linlang" books in Wu's collection are really as many as "sixty-four" as Tian Hongdu said. After that, I also asked Mr. Wu Xiqi in person if he knew the whereabouts of the other books in the "Tianlu Linlang" collection at home, except for "Pizi Wensu". According to word of mouth from family members, the book was sold to one of Wu Yanshao's students by his father and ancestors. Since then, the book has disappeared and cannot be verified.

"Pizi Wensou"

"Tianlu Linlang Zhijianlu"

Tian Hongdu's Letters to Wu Yanshao

In fact, as early as November 1927, "Wu Jiquan" was published in the "Literary Alliance" No. 8 "Jinghua Senior Biography" In one article, the catalog of Wu Yanshao's writings was listed in detail, including "Two volumes of "Tianlu Linlang's Records"", and it was noted that "the book no longer exists, and all that can be seen are fragmentary fragments, so we can record the writings at that time" "One spot", saying that the "Tianlu Linlang" book does not exist is probably an excuse to avoid trouble. The title of "Tianlu Linlang's Records" does not contain the words "unwritten" in the annotations of the two books "Research on Bibliophiles' Seals" and "Detailed Notes on Concubines and Princes of the Qing Dynasty". It should have been written or drafted at that time. Is the content attributed to Wu Yan? Shao's record of seeing "Tianlu Linlang" in those years, or even a catalog of "Tianlu Linlang" in his collection, cannot be determined without seeing the manuscript. Nowadays, I have searched extensively for Wu Yanshao's manuscripts preserved in Guyu Zhai, but no such manuscripts have been found, which is a pity. However, it is not all undiscovered. In Tiantou, an engraving of the "Qin Ding Tian Lu Lin Lang Bibliography" collected by the Wu family, more than ten comments by Wu Yan Shao were unexpectedly found. The books involved are as follows: Volume 2 Song Edition Classics "Dongyan Zhou Li Ding", Volume 3 of the Song Dynasty edition of "Chun Qiu Collection" (Part 2), "Prison Edition with Notes on Chun Qiu Gu Liang Zhuan Shu" (Part 2), Volume 4 of Song Dynasty Edition of "Historical Records" " (the second and third volumes are actually the engravings of Yanzhe, King of Jiajing, Ming Dynasty), " Jinshu " (actually the engravings of Wanli Ming Dynasty), "Han Jun" and "New Confucians Discussing the Detailed Sections of Du's Tongdian" (actual It is the engraving of the Jianyang Bookstore from the Yuan Dynasty to the Zhengzheng Dynasty), the volume of the "Ji Xue Ji" in the fifth volume of the Song Dynasty edition (actually the engraving of the Anguo Guipo Hall in Xishan, Jiajing, Ming Dynasty), the "Full Text of the History of the Song Dynasty" in the ninth volume of the History Department of the Yuan Dynasty, Volume 11 of the collection of Yuan edition is "Dao Yuan Xue Gu Lu", volume 12 of Ming edition of Jingbu is "Shu Chuan Hui Xuan", etc. Wu Yanshao (Figure 7)'s comments are quite casual and have no strict style. For example, one line in "Dongyan Zhou Li Ding" says:

is a book with twenty-six lines and twenty-three characters in each leaf. The first seal is "Tianlu Jijian". "The treasure of Emperor Qianlong's Royal View", the tail seal is "Tianlu Linlang". The first and last seals are "Five Blessings and Five Dynasties Hall", "Ancient Treasure of the Emperor", "Ba Zheng Cang Nian Treasure" and " Treasure of the Supreme Emperor ". It is suspected to be the first printing of Tongzhitang. (Picture 8)

Wu Yanshao (1904)

Wu Yanshao, his son Wu Fengpei, and his daughter Wu Yunhui (1926)

"The Imperial Book List of Tianlu Linlang", compiled by Wu Yanshao,

"Tianlu Linlang Zhijianlu", It is true that the version has been changed from the Song version to the version of "Tongzhitang Jingjie" engraved by Nalan Chengde in the fifteenth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. What Wu Yanshao saw is indeed correct.Another example is the second volume of the "Chun Qiu Collection" of the Song Dynasty edition, which Wu Yanshao commented:

"History of Silent Poetry" Zhu Chengjue's courtesy name is Zidan, his nickname is Shun Chengmanshi, and his nickname is Zuo'an. Jiangyin people. Wen Zhengzhong called it elegant and thoughtful. "Study Min Qiu Ji", Ruan Sizong's " chanting poems " has only five words and eighty poems. Zhu Zidan took the old edition from his family collection and put it in Cunyutang. It contains 13 poems in four words. Those who read it should not look at it casually.

's discussion does not focus on the version characteristics of this book, and the content is slightly broad. Therefore, based on the comments alone, it cannot be determined that the book criticized by Wu Yanshao is the collection of Gu Yunzhai. However, there are also a small number of comments, and it can be speculated that what he recorded may be the fragmentary copy of "Tianlu Linlang" he obtained. For example, the comment in the second volume of "Historical Records" in Volume 4:

See Volume 52-60, and the seals are all in compliance. Each leaf has twenty lines and eighteen characters, with an oval seal inscribed with the inscription "Treasure of Emperor Qianlong's Imperial View" at the front of the volume, and a square seal inscribed in white with the words "Tianlu Jijian". The seal at the end of the scroll has the inscription "Treasure of Emperor Qianlong's Imperial View" and the small seal seal "Tianlu Linlang". There are three seals at the beginning and end of the volume: "Treasure of the Five Blessings and Five Dynasties", "Treasure of the Bazheng Cang Nian" and "Treasure of the Supreme Emperor", all with red inscriptions. There are Xu Mo, Lu Yun, An Di, Zhou Wei, Zi Shou, Yue Yan, Liu Zi, Ang, Lu Jun, Lu Ni, Zhang, Gao Nan, etc. in the front pages of the volume. The name of Zijiang is also included.

According to "Tianlu Linlang Zhijianlu", this book is stored in the Library and Information Center of Beijing Municipal Cultural Relics Bureau and National Library of China . It is still incomplete. Volumes 53 to 57 are collected in the National Library of China. The library is missing volumes fifty-two and sixty. Volume 5 "Ji Xue Ji" Wu Yanshao commented:

See Volume 11 and Volume 12, all seals are inscribed. Each page has twenty lines and eighteen characters, with clear calligraphy and painting. The three seals at the beginning and end of the page are "Five Blessings and Five Dynasties Hall Treasures", "Eight Symbols of the Elderly Treasure" and "Treasure of the Supreme Emperor", all in red inscriptions. In front of the front of the volume, "Tianlu Jijian" is printed with white text on the square, and "Treasure of Emperor Qianlong's Royal View" is printed with red text on the oval. The same tail. There is also a square seal of "Tianlu Linlang" at the end.

There is also a small rectangular seal of "Wenzhuang Family Learning" on Volume 11, but it is not clear.

Volume 12 does not have "Fushan Xu's Book", cover eleven and twelve are combined into one volume, "Fushan Xu's Book", "Kunhui's" and "Aragonite Zhu Xiangyuan's" are printed on the front page, "Shi Yuzhi" Chapter", "Gaoyang Family Huairong Hall" and "Tai Shi Niu Ma Zou" are printed on the last page.

Press "Tianlu Linlang Zhijianlu". This book is incomplete and is separately stored in the National Palace Museum in Taipei and the National Library of China. The National Library of China has volumes 11 and 12, bound into one volume, or the book recorded by Wu Yanshao. When the "Bibliography of Rare Books in the Forbidden City" compiled by Zhang Yunliang published in 1934 and recorded the "Ji Xue Ji", it was said that volumes 11 and 12 were missing. This involves the issue of when Wu Yanshao obtained the "Tianlu Linlang". . We can look back at the Ming Dynasty "Pizi Wensu" newly collected by the Suzhou Museum. One of the four volumes of this book is a supplementary copy during the Republic of China. Strictly speaking, it is also a fragment. The front copy of the book has chapter ( 1864-1937), the inscription and postscript states that "the view can be obtained from WujiangWujitsuanneihanzhaitou", which was at the beginning of the Xia Dynasty (Figure 9), that is, the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931). Compared with the eighth issue of "Literary Alliance" published in 1927, it was four years later.

"Pi Zi Wen Sou" Zhang Yu's postscript

As for the time when the Wu family obtained the "Tianlu Linlang" collection of books, are there any earlier clues than Zhang Yunliang's "Bibliography of Rare Books in the Forbidden City" or even the relevant records No. 8 of "Literary Alliance"? The answer is yes, that is the inscription and postscript written by Deng Bangshu (1868-1939), Wu Yanshao's contemporary and in-law, on the Yuan-Yuan Jianyang Bookshop's edition of "New Confucians Discussing Du's Tongdian Details". This book is incomplete. Fragments of it are stored in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, the National Library of China, and the Fu Sinian Library of the Academia Sinica in Taipei. The first volume was also seen in Poly’s 2008 autumn auction. It can be said to be completely torn into pieces. The key evidence is found in volumes 5 and 28 to 32 in the Fu Sinian Library. There is an inscription and postscript written by the old owner Deng Bangshu:

In February of Xinyou, in the same year as Wu Jiquan, Zhaitou suddenly obtained two fragmentary volumes. , is in the collection of the inner palace. I checked the volumes and found that they were enough to make up for the shortcomings of my book. There were five volumes, twenty-eight to thirty-one volumes, four volumes each, so I got twenty-five volumes, and the rest of the book was left. That's less than half. I am grateful to express my gratitude to Tsuen, so I will write it down here. I will pretend to write it down later. On the third day of the second lunar month in Xinyou, the crowd was green.

Xinyou was in the 10th year of the Republic of China (1921), which proves that Wu had undoubtedly obtained the fragment of "Tianlu Linlang" before this year. At that time, Puyi had not yet left the palace, and it would not be until July 13, 1922, that the "Tianlu Linlang" collection was taken out of the Qing palace in the name of rewarding Pujie. Then Wu Yanshao obtained the fragmentary copy of "Tianlu Linlang" here. Before. Although Wu Yanshao served as secretary of the cabinet and director of the vassal council during the Guangxuan period, he did not have the opportunity to inspect the "Tianlu Linlang" collection of books in the Qing palace. Besides, it is even more difficult to take the "Tianlu Linlang" book out of the palace privately. Moreover, Wu Yanshao was well versed in the study of catalog editions, and if he really had the opportunity to take a book out of the palace, he would not say that he would first select a good copy, but he would definitely choose one that was complete from beginning to end and of good quality. Let’s take a look at the "Tianlu Linlang" collected by the Wu family. They are all fragments and have some decay and damage. Therefore, it is very likely that they were randomly extracted by people who did not know how to read and stole them out of the forbidden palace for small profits. By chance, they were finally put into the Wu family's Guyu Zhai.

Regarding the number of fragments of "Tianlu Linlang" obtained by Wu Yanshao, there is currently no detailed record left by him. The 64 types mentioned in Tian Hongdu's letters must not include one fragment of the "New Confucian Commentaries on Du's Tongdian Details" (Fig. 10) that Wu Yanshao gave to Deng Bangshu in February 1922. As mentioned above, the transfer of the fragmentary copy of "Tianlu Linlang" to the library of Yenching University has not been discussed. "Ma Heng's Diary" on June 25, 1949 is a clear evidence:

Liu Houzi called and said that Wu Jiquan's brother I will visit him in the next few days. The remaining books of "Tianlu Linlang" in his home have not yet been sold, and some of them can make up for the shortage in the courtyard's collection. More than ten years ago, Li Xuanbo negotiated the price with him, but there was no agreement. Now he plans to bring up the old case again and accept it.

"The Imperial Book List of Tianlu Linlang" published by Wu Yanshao

It can be seen from this that Wu Fengpei (Figure 11) contacted the Palace Museum to transfer the unsold "Tianlu Linlang" by his father Wu Yanshao through his classmate and friend Introduction to Liu Huisun (1909-1996, formerly known as Houzi). Prior to this, when Li Zongtong was the Secretary-General of the Palace Museum from 1926 to 1933, Wu Yanshao also contacted Li Zongtong about selling the remaining copies of "Tianlu Linlang", but to no avail.

On June 27, 1949, Wu Fengpei brought his bibliography to Ma Heng (Figure 12) for an interview. "Ma Heng's Diary" states that "Wu is the son of an old friend who sent to Tsuen. His family has dozens of fragments of Tianlu Linlang's collection of books. I copied a catalog to show it. I should give it to Yulou for inspection and then negotiate with him for the price. Fengpei is a graduate student at Peking University. He studies The historical data on the frontier also show that he is a good young man in a troubled world." After that, Ma Heng did not talk about these fragmentary copies of the Wu family again, and there were only simple records such as "Wu Yunian's Talk" on May 27, 1951. However, according to Xiang Si's " Records of the Forbidden City National Treasures Spreading Outside the Palace " excerpted from "The Archives of the Palace Museum·The Palace Museum's Acquisition of Wu Fengpei Tianlu Linlang's Books" and "The Attached Bibliography" on July 11, 1951, the Palace Museum in 1951 In July 2017, 61 kinds of "Tianlu Linlang" rare books were successfully acquired from the Wu family collection. This batch of old Qing palace collections that Wu Yanshao and Wu Fengpei had kept for more than 30 years finally returned to the Forbidden City.

Wu Fengpei (1935)

Ma Heng

According to the archives of the Palace Museum, among the sixty-one kinds of "Tianlu Linlang" fragments acquired, fourteen of them can be matched with the books in the Palace Museum library, including: Song version of "Tianlu Linlang" "Bao Xiaosu's Memorial", "Bai Kong Liu Tie", Yuan version of "Five Tones and Four Tones", "Jin History", "Qianjia Annotation of Du Poems", "Li Taibai Poems", "Zhen Xishan Collected Works", Ming version of "Guwenyuan" "Qian Jia Zhu Du's Poems", "Ouyang Wenzhong Gong Collection", "Ji Xue Ji", "Bai Shi Changqing Collection", "Donglai Annotation Yingbin Collection", "Wuxi Collection", etc. The other forty-seven kinds, except for the "Baichuan Xuehai" edition " Liuyi Poetry ", the rest are rare books recorded in "Tianlu Linlang Bibliography", including: Song editions of "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "Jin Dynasty" "Books", " Zhu Xiyu Lei ", "Correction of Northern History Detailed Sections", "Reports of Various Ministers", "Guwenyuan", etc., Yuan edition of "Tongzhi", "Yunfu Qunyu", "Du Shi", "Detailed Sections of Seventeen Histories" ”, “Book of the Early Han Dynasty”, “Book of the Later Han Dynasty”, “History of the Jin Dynasty”, “National Policy”, “Book of Rites and Rites”, “Collection of Li Taibai”, etc., Ming editions of “ Old Tang Book ”, “Xuehai”, “Quanshu Kaosuo”, etc.

According to Xiang Si, the Wu family transferred sixty-one kinds of books. Except for one kind, there are actually sixty kinds of "Tianlu Linlang" residual books, plus one kind of "Pizi Wensou", a total of sixty-one kinds, which are the same as those of Tian Hong. The sixty-four types mentioned in Du Shu Zha are not far from each other. These books overlap with more than ten kinds of annotations by Wu Yanshao in Wu's collection of "The Imperial Book List of Tianlu Linlang" collected by the Wu family, such as "Ji Xue Ji", "Historical Records", "Han Shu", "Jin Shu", etc. There are another forty or fifty kinds that Wu Yanshao has not annotated, and the archives of the Palace Museum provide us with more information. For example, the first of the fourteen types, "Bao Xiaosu Memorial" is the Ming Chenghua edition of "Tianlu Linlang Zhijianlu" No. 599, "Xiaosu Bao Gong Memorial Collection", transferred from the Palace Museum to the Beijing Library in 1959 The remaining five volumes are combined with Liaoning Provincial Museum collection to form a complete book;

The second type is the 54th and 55th volumes of the "Liu Tie of Bai Kong" collected by the National Library of China, which is the "Zhijianlu" No. No. 734 (3), which can be combined with the National Palace Museum in Taipei to complete the book. This volume was probably transferred to Beitu as a whole in 1959 after Wu sold it to the Forbidden City;

The third volume, "Five Tones and Four Tones" is "Zhijianlu" No. 586 "Reformed and Merged Five Tones" "Four Tones", there are 41 missing volumes in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, now in the National Library of China, probably sold by Wu;

The fourth type, "History of the Jin Dynasty" is No. 589 of "Zhijianlu", the whole book is collected in China National Library, with forty-seven volumes transferred from the Palace Museum to Beitu in 1959;

The fifth type, "Qianjia Zhu Du Shi" is "Zhijian Lu" No. 620 (2) "Collection of Qianjia Zhu Classified Du Gongbu" "Poems", including volumes 1 to 8, 14 to 25, Collected Works volumes 1 to 2, five volumes, transferred from the Forbidden City to Beitu in 1959;

The sixth category, "Poems of Li Taibai" is the 620th chapter of "Zhijian Lu" (3) "Classification and Supplementary Notes on Li Taibai's Poems", the complete collection is in the National Library of China, Volumes 1 to 6 and 10 to 25-7, transferred from the Palace Museum to Beitu in 1959;

Type 7, " "Collected Works of Zhen Xishan" is the "Collected Works of Mr. Xishan Zhenwen Zhonggong" No. 629 (3) of "Zhijianlu". It has 131 volumes in the collection of the National Library of China. It can be combined with the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei to form a complete collection.

Judging from the seven types of books examined above, it is not difficult to find that some of the books that the National Palace Museum archives have deemed "completely matched with the collection of books in the National Palace Library" are actually collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. The reason for this embarrassment is reminiscent of Ma Heng’s mention in his diary that he handed over the catalog verification work of Wu’s Guyu Zhai’s sale of “Tianlu Linlang” to Zhang Yunliang (1889-1952, courtesy name Yu building). It is very likely that Zhang simply checked the catalog, and the catalog he referred to was the "Bibliography of Rare Books in the Palace Museum" published in 1934 and compiled by himself. Instead of going into the library to review the actual objects one by one, he wrote "About the Palace Museum." Acquired Wu Fengpei Tianlu Linlang's Books and the Attached Bibliography. As a result, some of the books that were considered suitable for use at that time are now stored on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

It is now clear that Wu Yanshao had obtained a batch of "Tianlu Linlang" fragments before 1921. The specific source needs to be discovered by new materials. In February 1921, Wu Yanshao gave two volumes of the "Tianlu Linlang" fragments of "New Confucians Discussing Du's Tongcan Detailed Section" to Deng Bangshu. After the Qunbilou collection was sold to the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica, it was moved to Taiwan with the institute. It became a special case of "Tianlu Linlang" from Wu's old collection coming to Taiwan. For the remaining sixty species, before the Anti-Japanese War, Wu Yanshao contacted Tian Hongdu, Li Zongtong, etc., with the intention of selling them to the Yenching University Library and the Palace Museum, but to no avail. In June 1949, Wu Fengpei contacted the Palace Museum to prepare for the sale of 61 fragments of "Tianlu Linlang". Two years after the contact, it was officially acquired in July 1951. The relevant details and bibliography can be found in the archives of the Palace Museum. In 1959, these books were transferred to the Beijing Library as part of the Forbidden City collection and are now housed in the National Library of China. A Ming and Zhengde engraving of "Pizi Wensou" kept by the Wu family in Guyunzhai was preserved by three generations of Wu Yanshao, Wu Fengpei and Wu Xiqi. After nearly a hundred years, it was finally returned to his hometown of Suzhou this year and returned to the public collection. It can be said that You've got what you got.