Since Goldberg (1996) first coined "Internet addiction disorder " (internet addiction disorder, IAD) on the Internet to describe a behavioral-like disorder caused by excessive addiction to the Internet, Internet addiction has (Internet addiction) has been subject to heated discussions and research.
Counseling staff pay more attention to how to provide professional counseling assistance to this group of people. To provide effective counseling assistance, it is necessary to understand its causes and assistance methods from the perspective of counseling theory. of.
The definition and essence of Internet addiction
There are still various opinions on the description and definition of Internet addiction. Generally speaking, the possible symptoms or causes of Internet addiction are inferred from the perspective of traditional addiction (addictive disorder), and is regarded as one of various addiction disorders.
Such as substance addiction, alcoholism, pathological gambling, etc., Internet addiction is believed to be similar to them, and has some common behavioral characteristics of addiction:
. Being fascinated Obsessed with a certain substance, relationship or behavior;Moreover, the essence of Internet addiction disease is a kind of technology addiction (Griffiths, 1998). The so-called technological addiction is a process of human-machine interaction. belongs to behavioral addiction (non-chemical addcition).
The "Chinese Internet Addiction Addiction Scale-Revised" (CIAS-R) compiled by scholar Chen Shuhui (2003), its symptom dimensions are:
1. Internet addiction tolerance (tolerance of internet addiction)
With the Internet The experience of using it increases, and the fun of surfing the Internet originally gained. It must be satisfied through more online content or usage time.
2. Compulsive Internet use
refers to an uncontrollable desire and impulse to surf the Internet. When you think of or see a computer, you will have the desire or impulse to surf the Internet; you will have difficulty leaving the computer after surfing the Internet; you will long for more time to stay on the Internet.
3. Internet withdrawal reaction (withdraw from internet addiction)
If you are forced to leave the computer suddenly, you are prone to frustrated emotional reactions, such as depression, anger, emptiness, etc., or lack of concentration and restlessness.
4. Internet addiction related problems
refers to being addicted to the Internet for too long, thus:
The psychological characteristics of Internet addicts
Young (1998) believes that people with low self-esteem, those who are often rejected and denied, or those who are dissatisfied with life are more likely to develop Internet addiction.
Wang Chenghua's (2000) research shows that among college students, the lower the self-esteem and the more uncertain the self-evaluation, the higher the tendency of Internet addiction.
In their research on high school vocational students,
Wei Xisheng, Li Zhizhong, and Wang Wanwen (2006) also found that compared with ordinary students, those at high risk for Internet addiction have lower self-esteem and higher shyness tendencies.
From the above research, it can be found that being addicted to the Internet can be regarded as a way for individuals to escape from low self-esteem and self-worth.
And the "de-social norms" feature of the online world can reposition oneself in social roles, expectations, and gender. In this way, for teenagers who have a high sense of inferiority and are prone to shrinking, it can create another brand. A new self (Chen Shuhui, 2000).
In addition to the sense of self-worth, poor interpersonal relationships and life adaptation are also important psychological characteristics of Internet addicts.
Internet addicts often have interpersonal relationship problems, identity or separation anxiety, and academic or work difficulties and so on (Kandell, 1998).
Dai Xiujin (2002) found that those who get along poorly with classmates and those with family dysfunction, are significantly related to Internet addiction.
Zhu Meihui's (2000) study on college students found that there are more obstacles in interpersonal relationships. College students with poor adaptability to life spend longer online. The purpose of surfing the Internet is not to search for information, but to seek social support.
It can be seen that Internet addicts tend to use the Internet as a way to escape life stress and interpersonal anxiety, and seek social support on the Internet.
Integrating the above research, we can make a preliminary description of the psychological characteristics of Internet addicts:
They usually have low self-esteem, uncertain self-evaluation, poor interpersonal relationships, poor life adaptation, poor family functioning, etc., so The Internet has become a refuge for them to escape the pressure of reality, seek support, and reestablish themselves in the virtual world with a new self.
The causes of Internet addiction
Regarding addiction, Dreikurs (1932/1990) believed that should be viewed from the perspective of the whole person in order to have a proper understanding of the nature of addiction, rather than just paying attention Addictive behavior.
Dreikurs pointed out that addicts were not prepared to face the tasks of life (tasks of life) as children. They showed a tendency to think only of themselves and not others in their childhood, and this usually comes from being abused as children. Excessive indulgence of (pampered).
They usually grow up in a permissive environment where they are easily dependent on others, and take the services of others as a matter of course , so they will find ways to manipulate others to meet their own needs .
When a child is pampered and unable to take on things that others can easily take on, they will tend to face life situations in an evasive way , even adult addicts will make people feel that they have not grown up. , and this also forms the main characteristics of addicts.
In addition, addicts show a lack of interest in others in childhood. They pursue immediate pleasure, but do not pursue it in the context of social interest, which may explain why they develop addiction. Behavior.
When they face difficulties in life, they hope to retreat from life, and this sense of inferiority prompts them to seek alternative satisfaction . Therefore, they seek satisfaction through any means that can provide happiness, which only makes the problems in their lives worse.
They also show lack of social interest . When they lack connection with others and lack of sense of belonging to life tasks such as work, family, friendship, love, etc., they will think that they are themselves due to trivial difficulties in life. No ability to bear the heavy load of .
Dreikurs (1932/1990) believes that the more a person can develop social interests, the more capable he is of growing . Once he lacks social interest, he will avoid responsibility for life and others. The main characteristic of an addict is therefore an inability to tolerate the difficulties of life and a tendency to cling to tools that can increase momentary satisfaction.
For Internet addicts, we found that they regard the Internet as a tool to escape life tasks and obtain short-term satisfaction . When addicted to the Internet world, it seems that they can drive away the unpleasantness in life and allow themselves to have pleasant things. Feel.
But this approach also makes the problem more serious. When they avoid the difficulties in life and are unwilling to face various life tasks with courage (encouragement) and strive to connect with others, they become even less able. The more satisfied you are, the more isolated you are, and the more you need to go online to seek comfort. This creates a vicious cycle that eventually makes you unable to extricate yourself.
Internet addiction consultation
In terms of addiction counseling and treatment, Dreikurs (1932/1990) believed that under the Adlerian treatment framework, addicts should first understand the viewpoints that cause their obstacles (viewpoint ).
They must learn to understand themselves and explore how, in their childhood environment, they developed life plans that hindered the satisfaction of life needs and the development of social interests.
Their wrong evaluation of themselves prevents them from realizing their potential to face the problems in life, and they seek reassurance from others to reduce their own responsibilities. But such guarantees do not prevent failure; on the contrary, they create it.
Only when they understand their previous mistakes, their previous views on life, and can make changes can they be helped to overcome their addiction.
developed treatment guidance for Internet addicts based on the treatment principles for addicts provided by Prinz, as described below.
(1) Social interest (social interest)
The primary task of Internet addiction counseling is to create goals that are recognized by society to replace various activities associated with addiction to the Internet. Therefore, counselors should try their best to help The client develops social interests to better connect with important others and gain a sense of belonging and identity.
(2) Teleology
The Adlerian school of thought regards symptoms as the way in which individuals try to solve problems. Therefore, for Internet addicts, being addicted to the Internet is their way of trying to solve problems. Therefore, counselors must Efforts should be made to let Internet addicts understand their purpose and to jointly set consultation goals with the individual.
(3) Holism (holism)
Internet addicts should be viewed from a holistic perspective. The causes originate from problems in life tasks and are later aggravated by addiction to the Internet. Therefore, they should not be labeled only as "Internet Addict".
(4) Self-determination
Internet addicts have the ability to choose how much time they want to spend on the Internet and what kind of assistance they need. Therefore, counselors should try their best to let them understand that they are addicted to The Internet is your own choice, so the responsibility lies with you. Only you can help yourself get out of the Internet.
(5) Phenomenological perspective (phenomenology)
Although Internet addicts have some common characteristics, each Internet addict is unique, and the way they perceive external things and the degree to which they are affected by the environment will affect Their addictive behavior should therefore be considered on an individual basis.
(6) Understanding the client
The counselor should try his best to understand the client and convey his understanding to the client. Analysis of the life style is a commonly used technique. When analyzing, the focus should be on:
In addition to questions such as, "How would your life be different if you could stop being addicted to the Internet?", the person's answer can help us understand what tasks in life he is avoiding through such behavior.
(7) Replace Internet addiction with Internet addiction
This article follows the general term and uses the term "Internet addiction". In fact, there are still different opinions on whether Internet addiction or Internet addiction should be used.
From the perspective of the Adlerian school, we are opposed to labeling the parties involved, believing that they are overusing the Internet. In particular, Internet use does not cause physical dependence, and it should not be labeled as addiction.
Therefore, when counseling from an Adlerian perspective, one should avoid labeling the client as an addict and instead view addiction to the Internet as causing problems in life.
Counselors should respect their perception of the problem and allow clients to set their own goals to reduce their Internet use and become more responsible in their lives.
(8) Goal alignment VS. Denial
Confronting the client’s denial and resistance will have adverse consequences and violate the treatment principles of the Adlerian school. It is important to establish and maintain a cooperative therapeutic alliance and negotiate with the client the goals and procedures of the consultation.A warm and trusting relationship is a key factor in promoting change in the client.
(9) Life task emphasis
The general treatment plan for addiction is to focus on the excessive use of the substance and its negative consequences. However, the Adlerian school believes that what these people lack is the motivation and skills to achieve life tasks, so the focus of consultation should be on helping them develop appropriate motivations and skills.
The goal of counseling is to help the client be willing to face the life tasks that he had previously avoided or ignored. Then the measurement of the counseling effect should be on assessing the client's various life tasks such as school, work, leisure time and important relationships.
In addition to the above tasks, the Adlerian school also regards the relationship with the self and the spiritual level as important life tasks.
(10) Spiritual level (cosmos)
The spiritual level is the fifth life task (the first four are friendship, work, love and self-acceptance) (translated by Tang Zijun et al., 2007). The challenge for counselors is how to help Internet addicts deal with existential issues such as the meaning of life in a way that is consistent with their spiritual level.
By adding spiritual aspects to the treatment, the consultation will be more comprehensive, but the counselor should be careful not to impose personal values or religious views on the client.
Since Goldberg (1996) first coined "Internet addiction disorder " (internet addiction disorder, IAD) on the Internet to describe a behavioral-like disorder caused by excessive addiction to the Internet, Internet addiction has (Internet addiction) has been subject to heated discussions and research.
Counseling staff pay more attention to how to provide professional counseling assistance to this group of people. To provide effective counseling assistance, it is necessary to understand its causes and assistance methods from the perspective of counseling theory. of.
The definition and essence of Internet addiction
There are still various opinions on the description and definition of Internet addiction. Generally speaking, the possible symptoms or causes of Internet addiction are inferred from the perspective of traditional addiction (addictive disorder), and is regarded as one of various addiction disorders.
Such as substance addiction, alcoholism, pathological gambling, etc., Internet addiction is believed to be similar to them, and has some common behavioral characteristics of addiction:
Moreover, the essence of Internet addiction disease is a kind of technology addiction (Griffiths, 1998). The so-called technological addiction is a process of human-machine interaction. belongs to behavioral addiction (non-chemical addcition).
The "Chinese Internet Addiction Addiction Scale-Revised" (CIAS-R) compiled by scholar Chen Shuhui (2003), its symptom dimensions are:
1. Internet addiction tolerance (tolerance of internet addiction)
With the Internet The experience of using it increases, and the fun of surfing the Internet originally gained. It must be satisfied through more online content or usage time.
2. Compulsive Internet use
refers to an uncontrollable desire and impulse to surf the Internet. When you think of or see a computer, you will have the desire or impulse to surf the Internet; you will have difficulty leaving the computer after surfing the Internet; you will long for more time to stay on the Internet.
3. Internet withdrawal reaction (withdraw from internet addiction)
If you are forced to leave the computer suddenly, you are prone to frustrated emotional reactions, such as depression, anger, emptiness, etc., or lack of concentration and restlessness.
4. Internet addiction related problems
refers to being addicted to the Internet for too long, thus:
The psychological characteristics of Internet addicts
Young (1998) believes that people with low self-esteem, those who are often rejected and denied, or those who are dissatisfied with life are more likely to develop Internet addiction.
Wang Chenghua's (2000) research shows that among college students, the lower the self-esteem and the more uncertain the self-evaluation, the higher the tendency of Internet addiction.
In their research on high school vocational students,
Wei Xisheng, Li Zhizhong, and Wang Wanwen (2006) also found that compared with ordinary students, those at high risk for Internet addiction have lower self-esteem and higher shyness tendencies.
From the above research, it can be found that being addicted to the Internet can be regarded as a way for individuals to escape from low self-esteem and self-worth.
And the "de-social norms" feature of the online world can reposition oneself in social roles, expectations, and gender. In this way, for teenagers who have a high sense of inferiority and are prone to shrinking, it can create another brand. A new self (Chen Shuhui, 2000).
In addition to the sense of self-worth, poor interpersonal relationships and life adaptation are also important psychological characteristics of Internet addicts.
Internet addicts often have interpersonal relationship problems, identity or separation anxiety, and academic or work difficulties and so on (Kandell, 1998).
Dai Xiujin (2002) found that those who get along poorly with classmates and those with family dysfunction, are significantly related to Internet addiction.
Zhu Meihui's (2000) study on college students found that there are more obstacles in interpersonal relationships. College students with poor adaptability to life spend longer online. The purpose of surfing the Internet is not to search for information, but to seek social support.
It can be seen that Internet addicts tend to use the Internet as a way to escape life stress and interpersonal anxiety, and seek social support on the Internet.
Integrating the above research, we can make a preliminary description of the psychological characteristics of Internet addicts:
They usually have low self-esteem, uncertain self-evaluation, poor interpersonal relationships, poor life adaptation, poor family functioning, etc., so The Internet has become a refuge for them to escape the pressure of reality, seek support, and reestablish themselves in the virtual world with a new self.
The causes of Internet addiction
Regarding addiction, Dreikurs (1932/1990) believed that should be viewed from the perspective of the whole person in order to have a proper understanding of the nature of addiction, rather than just paying attention Addictive behavior.
Dreikurs pointed out that addicts were not prepared to face the tasks of life (tasks of life) as children. They showed a tendency to think only of themselves and not others in their childhood, and this usually comes from being abused as children. Excessive indulgence of (pampered).
They usually grow up in a permissive environment where they are easily dependent on others, and take the services of others as a matter of course , so they will find ways to manipulate others to meet their own needs .
When a child is pampered and unable to take on things that others can easily take on, they will tend to face life situations in an evasive way , even adult addicts will make people feel that they have not grown up. , and this also forms the main characteristics of addicts.
In addition, addicts show a lack of interest in others in childhood. They pursue immediate pleasure, but do not pursue it in the context of social interest, which may explain why they develop addiction. Behavior.
When they face difficulties in life, they hope to retreat from life, and this sense of inferiority prompts them to seek alternative satisfaction . Therefore, they seek satisfaction through any means that can provide happiness, which only makes the problems in their lives worse.
They also show lack of social interest . When they lack connection with others and lack of sense of belonging to life tasks such as work, family, friendship, love, etc., they will think that they are themselves due to trivial difficulties in life. No ability to bear the heavy load of .
Dreikurs (1932/1990) believes that the more a person can develop social interests, the more capable he is of growing . Once he lacks social interest, he will avoid responsibility for life and others. The main characteristic of an addict is therefore an inability to tolerate the difficulties of life and a tendency to cling to tools that can increase momentary satisfaction.
For Internet addicts, we found that they regard the Internet as a tool to escape life tasks and obtain short-term satisfaction . When addicted to the Internet world, it seems that they can drive away the unpleasantness in life and allow themselves to have pleasant things. Feel.
But this approach also makes the problem more serious. When they avoid the difficulties in life and are unwilling to face various life tasks with courage (encouragement) and strive to connect with others, they become even less able. The more satisfied you are, the more isolated you are, and the more you need to go online to seek comfort. This creates a vicious cycle that eventually makes you unable to extricate yourself.
Internet addiction consultation
In terms of addiction counseling and treatment, Dreikurs (1932/1990) believed that under the Adlerian treatment framework, addicts should first understand the viewpoints that cause their obstacles (viewpoint ).
They must learn to understand themselves and explore how, in their childhood environment, they developed life plans that hindered the satisfaction of life needs and the development of social interests.
Their wrong evaluation of themselves prevents them from realizing their potential to face the problems in life, and they seek reassurance from others to reduce their own responsibilities. But such guarantees do not prevent failure; on the contrary, they create it.
Only when they understand their previous mistakes, their previous views on life, and can make changes can they be helped to overcome their addiction.
developed treatment guidance for Internet addicts based on the treatment principles for addicts provided by Prinz, as described below.
(1) Social interest (social interest)
The primary task of Internet addiction counseling is to create goals that are recognized by society to replace various activities associated with addiction to the Internet. Therefore, counselors should try their best to help The client develops social interests to better connect with important others and gain a sense of belonging and identity.
(2) Teleology
The Adlerian school of thought regards symptoms as the way in which individuals try to solve problems. Therefore, for Internet addicts, being addicted to the Internet is their way of trying to solve problems. Therefore, counselors must Efforts should be made to let Internet addicts understand their purpose and to jointly set consultation goals with the individual.
(3) Holism (holism)
Internet addicts should be viewed from a holistic perspective. The causes originate from problems in life tasks and are later aggravated by addiction to the Internet. Therefore, they should not be labeled only as "Internet Addict".
(4) Self-determination
Internet addicts have the ability to choose how much time they want to spend on the Internet and what kind of assistance they need. Therefore, counselors should try their best to let them understand that they are addicted to The Internet is your own choice, so the responsibility lies with you. Only you can help yourself get out of the Internet.
(5) Phenomenological perspective (phenomenology)
Although Internet addicts have some common characteristics, each Internet addict is unique, and the way they perceive external things and the degree to which they are affected by the environment will affect Their addictive behavior should therefore be considered on an individual basis.
(6) Understanding the client
The counselor should try his best to understand the client and convey his understanding to the client. Analysis of the life style is a commonly used technique. When analyzing, the focus should be on:
In addition to questions such as, "How would your life be different if you could stop being addicted to the Internet?", the person's answer can help us understand what tasks in life he is avoiding through such behavior.
(7) Replace Internet addiction with Internet addiction
This article follows the general term and uses the term "Internet addiction". In fact, there are still different opinions on whether Internet addiction or Internet addiction should be used.
From the perspective of the Adlerian school, we are opposed to labeling the parties involved, believing that they are overusing the Internet. In particular, Internet use does not cause physical dependence, and it should not be labeled as addiction.
Therefore, when counseling from an Adlerian perspective, one should avoid labeling the client as an addict and instead view addiction to the Internet as causing problems in life.
Counselors should respect their perception of the problem and allow clients to set their own goals to reduce their Internet use and become more responsible in their lives.
(8) Goal alignment VS. Denial
Confronting the client’s denial and resistance will have adverse consequences and violate the treatment principles of the Adlerian school. It is important to establish and maintain a cooperative therapeutic alliance and negotiate with the client the goals and procedures of the consultation.A warm and trusting relationship is a key factor in promoting change in the client.
(9) Life task emphasis
The general treatment plan for addiction is to focus on the excessive use of the substance and its negative consequences. However, the Adlerian school believes that what these people lack is the motivation and skills to achieve life tasks, so the focus of consultation should be on helping them develop appropriate motivations and skills.
The goal of counseling is to help the client be willing to face the life tasks that he had previously avoided or ignored. Then the measurement of the counseling effect should be on assessing the client's various life tasks such as school, work, leisure time and important relationships.
In addition to the above tasks, the Adlerian school also regards the relationship with the self and the spiritual level as important life tasks.
(10) Spiritual level (cosmos)
The spiritual level is the fifth life task (the first four are friendship, work, love and self-acceptance) (translated by Tang Zijun et al., 2007). The challenge for counselors is how to help Internet addicts deal with existential issues such as the meaning of life in a way that is consistent with their spiritual level.
By adding spiritual aspects to the treatment, the consultation will be more comprehensive, but the counselor should be careful not to impose personal values or religious views on the client.
content | Internet
pictures | AWWWARDS
Schedule of the 11th Chinese Psychologists Conference
html August 12, morning | |
Opening ceremony and 3 keynote speeches of the 11th Chinese Psychologists' Congress | |
html August 12, afternoon | |
Expert dialogue | Localization application : Positive discipline, parent effectiveness, Waldorf and Montessori |
Youth counseling: adolescence, learning and career planning | |
Intergenerational education: separation and integration, dilemmas and countermeasures | |
Marital emotions: intimacy, sex and extramarital affairs | |
School Bullying: Prevention Strategies and Treatment Mechanisms | |
Grief Counseling: Recovery from Loss (Addiction, Death, Divorce) | |
Dr. Zeng Haibo Zhu Shuling Senior Teacher | Learning Coach Special Session |
Dr. Liao Fengchi | |
Gesang Tseren Professor | Hypnosis session |
August 13 morning | |
Professor Hu Peicheng | Keynote speech on the application and development of the theory and technology of sexual psychotherapy in China |
Dr. Nicolle· Zapien | Keynote speech on how to improve the relationship between husband and wife through life coaching |
Director Guo Xiangyi | See yourself and discover the future -Family and Parenting Career Workshop |
Professor Xu Xisen | Family Crisis Intervention and Counseling Workshop |
Professor Jin Hongyuan | The practical implementation of the integration of scientific subconscious concept and traditional cultureFamily EducationKeynote Speech |
Associate Professor Wang Zheng 4 | Quasi-gestalt orientation workshop |
Professor Liu Wei | Workshop on the application of painting manuals in family education |
Yuan Ailing Professor | Keynote speech on the Montessori direction |
Postdoctoral fellow He Shengxi | American education practice sharing keynote speech |
| August 13, afternoon | |
Professor He Lingfeng | Pseudo-evolution Keynote speech in the direction of psychology |
Dr. Elizabeth J. Beaven | Keynote speech in the direction of Waldorf/home-school society |
Professor Zeng Wenzhi | The value and application of serious play in counseling consultation |
Professor Lian Tingjia 4 | family game stuck in home education Application workshop on counseling |
Dr. Lin Minpei | When psychological counseling/psychological counseling meets Internet addiction: Assessment, intervention and practical implementation of Internet addiction Practice workshop |
Professor Wang Jinli | Family planning direction workshop |
8 months the evening of the 13th | |
Professor Zhang Meiling | Special Lecture on Child Development and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
Dr. Cai Chunmei | Action Orientation Experience Workshop (Action Method): The Closest Distance between Reason and Emotion |
Excellent Psychological Achievements Exchange Exhibition | |
August 14th morning | |
Guo Xiaojie Instructor | Speech in the direction of Satya |
Dr. Fang Gang | Keynote speech on adolescent sex education |
Instructor Wang Jiqiong | Technical speech on practical and life-oriented family education |
Dr. Hao Jingfang | |
Professor Zheng Ning | Lecture on the diagnosis and screening of asthenia in college students |
Lorna. Cordwell | Workshop on pseudo-hypnosis |
Professor Tian Xiulan | Workshop on the influence of family on personal career decisions |
Workshop on the direction of child play therapy | |
8 months On the afternoon of the 14th, the expert dialogue will be held. | |
The closing ceremony and the awarding ceremony by the Secretariat of the Chinese Psychologists Congress will be held. Make adjustments based on actual conditions. |
Early bird price:
First phase discount price (3.20-4.20): 1980 yuan/person
Second phase discount price (4.21-5.20): 2580 yuan/person
Third phase return to regular price (5.21-8.11 Day): 3980 yuan/person
(This fee includes conference fees, materials fees, etc., excluding room and board fees)
Student Green Channel (3.20-5.20): 980 yuan/person, full-time undergraduate and postgraduate students can Submit application
Note: The above discounts at each stage are subject to full payment; if you are temporarily unable to attend, you must notify the organizing committee 15 days in advance. The quota for this period can be automatically transferred to the 12th China Psychologists Conference. Overdue Notification is non-refundable;
, plan members, and 1879 students will receive a 300 yuan discount on all prices (students in the green channel will not enjoy this discount repeatedly); all the above interpretation rights belong to the Successful Way Education Institution.
Please consult the organizing committee of the conference for details: 10-51653135/36
The second phase of the early bird price discount is in progress~
Click " to read the original text " can register online!
Click "Read the original text" to support online registration!
Early bird price:
First phase discount price (3.20-4.20): 1980 yuan/person
Second phase discount price (4.21-5.20): 2580 yuan/person
Third phase return to regular price (5.21-8.11 Day): 3980 yuan/person
(This fee includes conference fees, materials fees, etc., excluding room and board fees)
Student Green Channel (3.20-5.20): 980 yuan/person, full-time undergraduate and postgraduate students can Submit application
Note: The above discounts at each stage are subject to full payment; if you are temporarily unable to attend, you must notify the organizing committee 15 days in advance. The quota for this period can be automatically transferred to the 12th China Psychologists Conference. Overdue Notification is non-refundable;
, plan members, and 1879 students will receive a 300 yuan discount on all prices (students in the green channel will not enjoy this discount repeatedly); all the above interpretation rights belong to the Successful Way Education Institution.
Please consult the organizing committee of the conference for details: 10-51653135/36
The second phase of the early bird price discount is in progress~
Click " to read the original text " can register online!
Click "Read the original text" to support online registration!
