Work Introduction
"Mencius" has seven chapters in total. It is a collection of Mencius 's remarks during the Warring States Period. It records Mencius's debates with other schools of thought, his words and deeds to his disciples, and his lobbying of the princes. It was compiled by Mencius and his disciples ( 0,000 chapters, , etc.) are jointly compiled.
"Mencius" records Mencius's thoughts on governing the country, political strategies ( benevolent government , the distinction between kings and hegemons, the people-oriented, the king's heart is wrong, the people are noble and the country is inferior to the king) and political actions. It was written around the Warring States Period. In the middle period, it is a Confucian classic. The starting point of his theory is the theory of human nature and goodness, and he advocates the rule of virtue. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi combined "Mencius", "The Analects of Confucius", "Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" together as the "Four Books". Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been regarded as a book that has been passed down from family to family. Just like our textbooks. "Mencius" is the largest and heaviest of the Four Books, with more than 35,000 words. From then until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "Four Books" had been a required part of the imperial examination. The theory of the book "Mencius" is not only pure and profound, but the articles are also extremely powerful and beautiful. (Five Classics: "Poetry", "Book", "Li", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn")
"Mencius" is a work that records Meng Ke's words and deeds, and is also one of the important classics of Confucianism. The chapters include: (1) "King Hui of Liang" (Part 1 and Part 2), (2) "Gongsun Chou" (Part 1 and Part 2), (3) "Teng Wengong " (Part 1 and Part 2), (4) "Li Lou" (Part 1 and Part 2), (5) "Wan Zhang" (top and bottom), (6) " Gaozi " (top and bottom), (7) "Jie Xin" (top and bottom).
"Mencius" is majestic in writing, full of emotions, eloquent and highly contagious. It has been passed down to later generations and has far-reaching influence, becoming one of the Confucian classics.
"Historical Records·Biography of Mencius": "Meng Ke was not consistent with what he said, so he retreated to Wan Zhang's disciples to preface "Poems" and "Books", describe Zhongni's meaning, and write seven chapters of "Mencius"." It is called "Mencius". "Seven chapters were written by Mencius himself. Zhao Qi's "Inscriptions on Mencius" said: "This book is written by Mencius, so it is generally called "Mencius"." He also said: "So he retreated to discuss the collection, and gave it to his younger brother Gongsun Chou. , Wan Zhang's disciples, who had difficulty answering questions, wrote their own instructions and wrote seven chapters. "This is also written by Mencius himself. Yan Ruoyu of the Qing Dynasty also wrote "The Examination of Mencius's Life and Death Years" based on Mencius's own opinion, and said: "The Analects was written in the hands of a disciple, so the appearance of the saint is well recorded. Seven chapters were written in my own hands, so I only record the words or sources. "But according to "Mencius", Meng Ke saw that the kings of his time, such as King Hui of Liang, King Xiang of Liang, King Xuan of Qi, Duke Zou Mugong, Duke Wen of Teng, and Duke Ping of Lu, all had posthumous titles. It is probably not Mencius's own creation. It is also recorded that Mencius's disciples Yue Zhengzi, Gongduzi, and Wuluzi were all called "Zi", which was definitely not done by Mencius. The person who compiled it was most likely a disciple of Mencius. The book was written around the middle of the Warring States Period.
The main annotated editions of "Mencius" include "Mencius' Commentaries" and " Four Preparations " in 14 volumes; "Mencius' Annotations" in "Four Preparations" in 7 volumes; "Mencius' Justice" and "Four Preparations" in 14 volumes; 30 volumes. There is also the modern man Yang Bojun "Mencius Translation and Annotation" (Zhonghua Book Company Edition).
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Full text of the work
"Mencius" Chapter 01 King Hui of Liang meets
Mencius meets King Hui of Liang. The king said, "Senior! Coming from a thousand miles away, will it benefit my country?"
Mencius said to him, "King! Why do you need to call it benefit? It's just benevolence and righteousness." The king said, "How can it benefit my country?" The doctor asked: "How can I benefit my family?" The common people said: "How can I benefit my body?" The country is in danger because of the conquest of superiors and inferiors. If a country of ten thousand chariots is killed, the family of a thousand chariots will be killed. Those who kill their king will surely gain a family of hundreds of thousands, and if they take a thousand of them, they will not be able to gain more. , He is the king without righteousness. The king also calls it benevolence and righteousness, why should he call it benefit?"
Mencius met King Hui of Liang. The king stood on the swamp, looking at Hongyan and the elk, and said, "Do wise men also enjoy this?"
Mencius said to him: "The wise will enjoy this, but the unworthy will not enjoy it even though they have this. The poem goes: "After passing the Shiling Platform, If you manage it, the common people will attack it, and it will be completed soon. Don't worry about it, the common people will come.The king is in Lingbo, the deer are crouching, the deer are crouching, and the white birds and cranes are there. The king is in the spiritual marsh, and the fish is jumping on the boat. 』 King Wen used the power of the people as a platform and a marsh, and the people were happy with it. They called the platform Lingtai and the marsh Lingmarsh, and they were happy that there were elk, fish and turtles there. In ancient times, people enjoyed themselves with the people, so they were able to enjoy themselves. Tang vowed: "The time will bring disaster, and both I and my daughter will die." "The people want to die together with them. Even though there are birds and beasts in the pond, how can they be happy alone?" ”
King Hui of Liang said: “A humble man treats his country with all his heart and ears. If there is trouble in the river, move his people to the east of the river, and move his millet to the river. The same goes for the trouble in the east of the river. If you look at the government of neighboring countries, it is not as good as that of a humble man. If you are careful, the people of your neighboring countries will not be reduced, and the people of your country will not be increased. Why not?"
Mencius said: "The king likes to fight, please use the metaphor of war. Fill up the drums, and the weapons are connected, and the armor is drawn. If you take a hundred steps and then stop, what if you take fifty steps and laugh at a hundred steps? "
said: "No; if you don't take a hundred steps straight, you can still walk."
said: "If the king knows this, there is no hope that the people will be more numerous than those of neighboring countries." "If the farming season is not violated, the grain will not be enough to eat; if a few grains of rice are not brought into the lake, the fish and turtles will not be able to eat; if the ax is brought into the forest at the right time, the timber will not be able to be eaten. Use it. Grains and fish and turtles cannot be eaten, and trees cannot be used. This is the beginning of the king's way to maintain health and death without regrets. "A five-acre house is filled with mulberry trees." They can wear silk clothes. Chickens, dolphins, dogs, and pigs will not be lost in their time. Those who are seventy can eat meat. Don't take away the land of a hundred acres. A family of several people will not be hungry. In order to express the righteousness of filial piety and brotherhood, those who are in their 70s wear silk and eat meat, and the people are neither hungry nor cold. However, there is no such thing as a king who eats human food without knowing it. If someone is hungry and doesn't know how to get rid of it, then saying: "It's not me, it's Sui" is different from stabbing someone and saying, "It's not me, it's a soldier". The people are here."
King Hui of Liang said: "I am willing to accept the teaching."
Mencius said to him: "Is there any difference between using a stile and a sword to kill people?"
said: "There is no difference."
"There is no difference. Are there any differences between the sword and government?"
said: "There is no difference."
said: "There are fat meats in the kitchens, fat horses in the stables, hungry people, and hungry animals in the wild. This is how the beasts eat people. Animals eat each other, and people hate it. As a parent of the people, the government will not avoid leading the beasts to eat people. Zhongni said: "The first to make figurines, they have no descendants." Why did the people starve to death?"
King Hui of Liang said: "There is no strong country in the world, as I know. As for me, I was defeated by Qi in the east, and my eldest son died. The land is seven hundred miles away from Qin in the west, and it is humiliated by Chu in the south. I would like to compare it with the dead, so what can I do?"
Mencius said to him: "The land is only a hundred miles away, and you can be king. The king is like Shi. Be benevolent to the people, avoid penalties, reduce taxes, and make farming easy; the strong spend their spare time cultivating their filial piety and loyalty, serving their fathers and brothers when they are in, and serving their superiors when they are out, so that they can use the stiles to defeat the strong armor of Qin and Chu. The soldiers are gone.
"When he captured his people, he was unable to cultivate the land to support his parents. His parents were frozen and hungry, and his brothers and wives were separated. He was drowning his people, and the king went to conquer them. Who can be the enemy of the king? Therefore, he said: "The benevolent one Invincible. "Please don't doubt me!"
When Mencius saw King Xiang of Liang, he came out and said to the man, "You don't look like a human king. How can you be afraid of him?" He suddenly asked, "Is there evil in the world?" 』
"I said to him: "Determined to be one."
""Who can do it?"
"I said to him: "He who does not like to kill can do it."
""Who can do it?"
"I said to him: "Who can do it?"
" "There is nothing in the world that doesn't help me. If there is a drought between July and August, the seedlings will be dry. If the sky is full of clouds and it rains, then the seedlings will thrive. Who can control it?" There is no human being in the world today who does not like to kill people. If there is someone who does not like to kill people, then all the people in the world will look forward to it. If the people return to it, they will come down from the water. Can you control it?"
King Xuan of Qi asked: "Can the affairs of Qi Huan and Jin Wen be heard of?"
Mencius said to him: "Zhongni's disciples did not know the affairs of Huan and Wen, and they will not be passed down in future generations. "Yan, I haven't heard of it. How can I be a king if I don't have it?"
said: "How can you be a king if you are virtuous?"
said: "If you protect the people and become a king, you can't control them."
said: "If I have only a few people, can I protect the people?"
said: "Yes."
said: "How do you know that I can do it?"
said: "I heard that Hu He said that the king was sitting in the hall. When a cow passed by the hall, the king saw it and said, "Where is the cow?" He said to him, "I will challenge the bell." The king said, "I can't bear to see it. If it is innocent, it will die." He said, "How can we abolish Zhongyu?" He said, "You don't know why?"
said, "This is the heart of the king." . The people all love the king. I know that the king cannot bear it. "
The king said: "Of course, there are people. Although Qi is a small country, why should I love a cow? I can't bear it. If you commit a crime, you will die, so you will die with sheep. "
said: "The king is no different from the people who love the king. If the king is easy to change, he will know it? If the king conceals his innocence and die, what will happen to the cattle and sheep? Which one to choose?"
Wang laughed and said, "What's the point of being sincere? I don't love my wealth, so I give it to sheep. It's suitable for the people to call me love."
said: "It's not harmful, it's a benevolent skill. When you see cattle, you don’t see sheep. A gentleman can’t bear to see animals alive. He can’t bear to eat their meat. This is why a gentleman goes far away from the kitchen."
Wang said: "Poetry" says: " If others have intentions, please consider them. "That's what Master means." Husband, I do it, but I seek it, and it doesn’t get my heart. Master said, I feel very close to you. Why is this heart aligned with the king?
said: "There is a king who said: "My strength is enough to lift a hundred jun, but not a feather; my strength is enough to detect the end of a hair, but not the feather." Does the king agree with this?"
said: " No."
"If the kindness is enough for the beasts, but the merit is not for the people, how can it be done? However, if a feather is not lifted, it is a waste of effort; if the public support is not seen, it is not clear; if the people are not protected, it is a waste of effort. There is no need for grace. Therefore, if a king is not a king, he does not do it, but he cannot do it. "
said: "What is the difference between those who do not do it and those who cannot do it?"
said: "Take the Taishan Mountain to cross the North Sea, the speaker said, "I can't." He broke off the branches for the elders and said, "I can't do it." Therefore, the king is not a king, and it is not like holding the Taishan Mountain to cross the North Sea; A king who is not a king is like breaking a branch.
"The old and the old are like the old; the young and the young are like the young, and the world can be transported in the palm of the hand. "Poetry" says: "The punishment for the widow is as for the brothers. , to control the family and the country. "It's just a matter of applying kindness to others. Therefore, extending kindness can protect the world, but not showing kindness can protect your wife. There is no other reason why people in ancient times are better than others. They are good at what they do." That's it. If you are kind enough to the beasts, but the merit is not to the people, how can you give it to the people? Then you will know the importance; then you will know the length. The king please save it! Promote soldiers, threaten soldiers and ministers, complain to the princes, and then respond quickly to your heart?"
The king said: "No! How can I do it quickly? I will pursue my great desires."
said: "The great desires of the king "Can you hear it?"
Wang smiled and said nothing.
said: Why is fat and sweetness not enough for the mouth, and light and warmth not enough for the body? Or is it because the color selection is not enough for the eyes? The sound is not enough for your ears? Isn't it enough that I can order you to come forward? All the king's ministers are enough to provide for him, but why should the king do so?
said: "No! I don't think so."
said: "But the king's great desire is obvious. He wants to open up land, go to Qin and Chu, come to China and appease the barbarians. Do what you want, and ask for what you want. "Desire is like asking for fish while relying on wood."
The king said: "What if it is really worth it?"
said: "It is almost impossible. If you ask for fish based on wood, even if you don't get the fish, there will be no consequences; if you do what you want, you will ask for what you want. , try your best to do it, but there will be disaster later."
said: "Can you hear it?"
said: "The people of Zou are fighting with the people of Chu, who does the king think will win?"
said: "The people of Chu will win."
said: "However, a small solid cannot defeat a large one, a small solid cannot defeat a large number, and a weak solid cannot defeat a strong one. There are nine places in the sea that are thousands of miles apart, and there is one of them when they gather together. How can one conquer eight and be different from the enemy of Chu?" Gai is also contrary to his nature.
"Now that the king has implemented benevolent policies, all officials in the world want to establish themselves in the king's dynasty, all farmers want to cultivate in the king's fields, all merchants want to hide in the king's city, all travelers want to go on the king's road, and all the people in the world want to harm the king. Everyone wants to go to the king. If so, who can control it? "
The king said: "I am afraid that I can't go forward. I hope you can help me with my ambition and teach me. Although I am not sensitive, please try it."
said: "Those who do not have permanent property but have perseverance can only be qualified by scholars. If you are a people, you will have no permanent property because you have no perseverance. If you do not have perseverance, you will do anything to ward off evil and extravagance. If you fall into sin and then punish it, you will neglect the people. So, how can a benevolent person in office do anything for the people? Therefore, if a wise ruler controls the people's property, they will be able to serve their parents and feed their wives, and they will be full in the happy years and avoid death in the bad years. It is good, so the people follow it lightly.
"Today's people's property is not enough to serve their parents, and it is not enough to support their wives. Good years will lead to hardship, and bad years will inevitably lead to death. This is only to save death, but not to support. , Is it time to practice etiquette and justice?
"If the king wants to do it, he will go back to his original nature: a house with five acres of trees will be planted with mulberry trees, and those who are fifty can wear silk clothes. Chickens, dolphins, dogs, and pigs will not lose their time. Seventy You can eat meat. If you don’t take away a hundred acres of land, your family of eight will not be hungry. I will teach you in detail the meaning of filial piety and brotherhood, and I will give you the old man’s clothes and silk. By eating meat, the people will neither be hungry nor cold, but there is no such thing as a king."
"Mencius" Chapter 02 King Hui of Liang
Zhuang Bao met Mencius and said: "I saw the king violently, and the king said that he was happy, but there was no such thing as violence." "That's right." He said, "What kind of happiness is that?"
Mencius said, "If the king is very happy, how many common people in Qi will be?"
The next day, I saw the king and said, "The king once said that Zhuangzi had such happiness, what kind of happiness are there?"
The king changed his expression and said: "I can't like the joy of the previous king, but I like the music of the world."
said: "The king's joy is so great that the country has almost no common people. The joy today is still the joy of ancient times." "Yes."
said: "Can you hear it?"
said: "Which one is happy alone, happy with others?"
said: "Not as good as with others."
said: "Happy with less, happy with others." Everyone is happy, who is happy?"
said: "Not like everyone."
"I would like to express music for the king. Now the king is happy here. When the people hear the sound of the king's bells and drums, they raise their heads and frown. He said: "My king is so good at playing drums, why have I reached this extreme? Father and son do not see each other, brothers and wives are separated." Now the king is hunting here, and the people hear the sound of the king's chariots and horses, and see the beauty of the feathers. He frowned and said to each other: "My king is so good at hunting, why have I come to this extreme? Father and son do not see each other, brothers and wives are separated." Without him, I can't enjoy the music of the people. Here, when the people heard the sound of the king's bells and drums, as well as the sound of the drums, they cheered with joy and said to each other: "My king has almost no illness, how can he play music?" ’ Now the king is hunting here. When the people hear the sound of the king’s chariots and horses and see the beauty of the feathers, they look up with joy and say to each other, ‘My king has few diseases, so how can he hunt in the fields? "There is no other way to do this than to enjoy yourself with the people." Now if the king enjoys happiness with the people, then he is king.
King Xuan of Qi asked: "How many are there within King Wen's area of seventy miles?"
Mencius replied: "There are some in the Chuan."
said: "How big is it?"
said: "The people still think it is small." "Ye."
said: "I have a confinement of forty miles, but the people still think it is big. Why?"
said: "The confinement of King Wen is seventy miles. How far can those who eat grass and pheasants go? How can they go with the people?" The same thing. Isn't it appropriate for the people to think that it is small? I first went to the border and asked about the great ban of the country, and then I dared to enter. I heard that there is a limit of forty miles in the suburbs. Killing the elk is like murder, so it is a crime. Isn't it appropriate for the people to think that it is a trap forty miles across the country?"
King Xuan of Qi asked: "Is there a way to deal with neighboring countries?"
Mencius said, "Yes. Only a benevolent person can do great things with small things. , This is the story of Tang who serves Ge, and King Wen who serves Kun and Yi. But the wise man is able to do big things with small things. Therefore, King Tai is doing things with Maohuan, and Gou Jian is doing things with Wu. He is a man who is happy with heaven; . Those who are happy with Heaven will protect the world, and those who fear Heaven will protect their country. "Poetry" says: "Fear the power of Heaven and protect it at the right time."
The king said: "That's great! I am sick, but I am brave."
He said to him: "The king invites you to be brave.The husband stroked his sword and looked at it quickly, saying, "How dare you do this to me!" "This man's bravery can only be defeated by one man." The king asks for help!
"The "Poetry" says: "King Hesi was angry, and Yuan organized his brigade to contain Chu Ju, to restrain Zhou Hu, and to deal with the world." This is the courage of King Wen. King Wen was angry and calmed the people of the world.
" "Book" said: "Heaven has sent down the people to be kings and teachers, and they are only favored by God. I am the only one who is guilty and innocent in all directions. How dare anyone in the world have the ambition to be more powerful?" This is how brave King Wu is. Now King Wu is also angry and calming the people of the world. The people are afraid that the king will not be brave."
King Xuan of Qi met Mencius in the Snow Palace. The king asked: "Do wise men also have this kind of happiness?"
Mencius said to him: "Yes. If people can't do it, then they are not above them. If they can't do it but are not above them, they are wrong; if they serve the people but do not enjoy it with the people, they are not. , that’s not the case. Those who enjoy the happiness of the people will also enjoy the happiness of the people; those who care about the worries of the people will also worry about the world. However, those who are not kings have not existed in the past. Duke Jin of Qi asked Yanzi : "I want to observe the dance of Zhuanfu Chao, which follows the sea to the south and is placed in Langye. How can I compare it to the observation of the previous kings?"
Yanzi replied: "That's a good question!" The emperor said to the princes that they were patrolling and guarding. The princes reported their duties to the emperor. It was nothing more than plowing in the spring but not enough in the summer. The proverb goes: "If my king doesn't travel, how can I rest? If my king doesn't hesitate, how can I help him?" . The people are slanderous. They are ordered to abuse the people. If they eat and drink like water, they will be in ruins. If they follow the flow, they will be forgotten. If they follow the flow, they will be connected. If you are tired of being desolate, if you are not tired of drinking, it is called death. The former king has no pleasure in wandering, and the desolation is the way of the king. "Jing Gong said that the great discipline is in the country, so he is prosperous and prosperous in the suburbs. Not enough. Master Zhao said: "It's a pleasure for me to be a king and my ministers!" His poem said, "What's wrong with being a king?" King Xuan of Qi asked. : "Everyone says that I destroyed the Mingtang and destroyed everything? Already?"
Mencius said to him: "The Mingtang is the hall of the king. If the king wants to carry out the king's government, he should not destroy it."
The king said: "The king's government can be heard. "With?"
said: "In the past, when King Wen ruled Qiye, the farmers were ninety-one, the officials were rich, and the cities were ridiculed but not conquered. There was no ban in the country, and the sinners were not born. An old man without a wife was called a widower. A person without a husband is called a widow, an old person without a son is called an orphan, and a child without a father is called an orphan. The poor people in the world have no complaints. King Wen must first implement these four things. Rich man, I am sorry for being so alone."
The king said: "What a good thing!"
said: "If the king is so good, why can't he do it?"
The king said: "I am sick, but I am good at goods."
He said: "In the past, Gong Liu had good goods. "Poetry" says: "It is the accumulation of goods in the warehouse, the wrapping of grains, and the lifting of grains in sacks. The thought of war is exhausted. The bows and arrows are spread out, and the war breaks out, and the couple sets off." Former Residence Those who have storehouses and those who travel have bags, and then they can start their journey together. The king is like a good product, and the people are the same. What is there for the king? "
The king said: "I am sick, I am lustful."
said to him: " In the past, the king was lustful and loved his concubine. "Poetry" says: "The ancient public servant came to court and led the Western Water Margin. As for Qixia, he married Jiang Nu and came to Xuyu at that time." There is no resentful woman, and there is no unruly husband. The king is lustful, and he is the same as the people, so what is wrong with the king?"
Mencius said to King Xuan of Qi: "The king's ministers entrusted his wife to his friends and traveled to Chu, which is the opposite. , then his wife is frozen and dying, what will happen?
The king said: "Throw it away."
said: "The judges cannot govern the people, so what should be done?"
The king said: "That's it."
said: "If the four realms are not governed, what should be done?" ”
Wang looked around and talked about him.
Mencius spoke of King Xuan of Qi and said: "The so-called homeland does not mean that it has trees, but that it has ministers. The king has no relatives. The past has advanced, but today we do not know its demise.
The king said: "How can I recognize that he has no talent and let him go?"
said: "If the king promotes talents, if he has no choice, he will make him humble more than his honor and more distant than his relatives. Is it careless to do so? Everyone on the left and right calls him a virtuous person, but that's not allowed. ; All the officials say no, don't listen; all the people in the country say no, then observe them; when they see the virtuous, then use them. Everyone on the left and right says no, don't listen; all the officials say no, don't listen; all the people say no, Then check it; if you see something is not right, then go away. The people on the left and right say it is possible to kill, but do not listen; Therefore, it is said that the people of the country should kill them. After this, they can become the parents of the people."
King Xuan of Qi asked: "When Tang released Jie and King Wu defeated Zhou, how could it be done?"
Mencius replied: "There is such a thing as Chuan."
: "Is it permissible for a minister to kill his own king?"
said: "Those who thieve benevolence are called 'thieves', those who thieve righteousness are called 'crimes'. Those who cripple thieves are called 'one husband'. I have heard that Zhou punished one husband, but I have not heard of it." "Regicide."
Mencius met King Xuan of Qi and said: "If you want to build a large house, you must ask the craftsmen to ask for big trees. If the craftsmen get big trees, the king will be happy and think that he can do his job. If the craftsmen cut it small, then the king will do it." Angry, he thought he was not qualified for his task. My wife learned it when she was young, and when she was strong, she wanted to practice it. The king said: "Follow me what my aunt has learned." What if there is a piece of jade here? When it comes to governing the country, saying, "Follow what I learned from my aunt" is different from teaching jade men to carve jade."
The people of Qi attacked Yan and won. King Xuan asked: "It may be said that the few should not take it, or that the few should take it. If a country of ten thousand chariots is used to attack a country of ten thousand chariots, and it is raised in fifty years, the manpower will not be able to do this. If you don't take it, there will be disaster. Take it, How about it?"
Mencius said to him: "If you take something that pleases the people of Yan, then take it. The people of ancient times did it, and King Wu did the same. If you take it and the people of Yan are displeased, don't take it. The people of ancient times did it. That's what King Wen is doing. He uses the country of ten thousand chariots to conquer the kingdom of ten thousand chariots. How can it be better to avoid water and fire?
The people of Qi attacked Yan and took it. The princes will plan to save Yan. King Xuan said: "How can we treat those princes who are planning to attack the few?"
Mencius said to him: "I have heard that those who govern the world at seventy miles are like this. I have never heard of those who are afraid of others at a thousand miles away. "Book" said : "Tang's campaign started from Ge." The world believed it, and when they marched to the east, the barbarians in the west resented it; when they marched in the south, the barbarians in the north complained, "Are you going to come after me?" "The people look to it as they look to the clouds in a severe drought." Those who return to the market will not stop, but those who work the fields will not change. Kill the king and hang the people, just like when rain falls. The people are delighted. "The Book" says: "After you came to me, you later became Su." Now Yan is oppressing its people, and the king goes to conquer it. The people think that they will save themselves from fire and water, so they eat pots of pulp to welcome the king's army. If he kills his brother and father, his children will be harmed, his ancestral temple will be destroyed, and his important weapons will be removed. How can this be done? The world is indeed afraid of the strength of Qi, but now that the territory has been doubled and they are not practicing benevolent government, this is to stir up the armies of the world. The king quickly issued an order to counterattack his enemies, stop his heavy weapons, and plot against the people of Yan. If he put the king in charge and then left, he would still be able to stop it. 》
Zou and Lu coax. Duke Mu asked: "I have thirty-three people who have died, but the people should not let them die. If they are punished, it will be impossible to punish them; if they are not punished, they will be regarded as dead and the superiors will not be saved. What can I do?"
Mencius said to him: "In a bad year, when you are hungry and hungry, your people, old and weak, turn to the ravines, and the strong ones are scattered in all directions. There are thousands of them. But your warehouses are strong and your treasury is full, and there is no one to tell you. This is Zengzi said: "If you are not careful, you will be wrong." The people will do the same thing now and then! ”
Teng Wenggong asked: “Teng is a small country, between Qi and Chu. Is it Qi? Is it Chu?”
Mencius said to him: “This plan is beyond my reach. There is no way. Now, there is one thing: to dig this pond and build this city, and to guard it with the people, and the people will not be able to leave, that is what can be done."
Teng Wengong asked: "I am very afraid that the people of Qi will build Xue. "How can this be done?"
Mencius said to him: "In the past, the great king lived in Ping, and the people from Di invaded and fled to live under the Qishan Mountain. It is not a choice but a last resort. If you do good, your descendants will have a king." A gentleman's business is sustainable. If he succeeds, what will happen to him? Strength is just good.
Teng Wenggong asked: "Teng is a small country. If you try your best to serve a big country, you will have to do something. What can I do?"
Mencius said to him: "In the past, the great king lived in Yi, and the Di people invaded it. To do it, It is necessary to use leather and coins; it is inevitable to use dogs and horses; it is inevitable to use pearls and jade. It belongs to the elders who told him: "What the people of Di want, I have heard about it." "A gentleman does not harm others by what he has done. Why should the two or three sons be troubled by the king?" I will go to Yi, cross Liangshan, and live at the foot of Qishan. Ye. "Those who follow it are like returning to the market."
"It may be said: "It is beyond the power of the body. Don't leave if you die."
"Please choose between these two."
Duke Ping of Lu will come out. , the lover Zangcang asked: "One day when the king comes out, he will definitely order a secretary to take care of him. Now that the chariot has arrived, there is a secretary who does not know where to go, so I dare to invite him."
The Duke said: "I will see Mencius."
said : "Why, do you think you are virtuous by degrading your life by being ahead of an ordinary man? Rites and righteousness come from the virtuous; and Mencius's mourning after him was more than his mourning before. You don't see it!"
The Duke said: "Nuo."
Yue Zhengzi came to see him and said, "Why are you so angry for not seeing Meng Ke?"
said, "Maybe you can tell me, 'Mencius mourned after him more than he mourned before him.' That's why he didn't go to see him."
said, "Why, What do you mean by overstepping? A scholar in the front and a doctor in the back; three tripods in the front and five tripods in the back?"
said: "No, it is the beauty of coffins, coffins, clothes and quilts."
said: "It is not the so-called "overseas". "It's different."
Le Zhengzi saw Mencius and said, "I'm going to accuse you because you're here to see me. If your lover has a warehouse, you're going to stop him. You're coming because he's not getting results."
He said, "Okay, maybe I'll do it." It's impossible for humans to stop or stop. If I don't meet the Marquis of Lu, how can Heaven prevent me from meeting him?"
"Mencius" Chapter 03 Gongsun Chou asked
He said: "Master is on the road to Qi, Guan Zhong and Yanzi's achievements, can they be restored?"
Mencius said: "Zi Cheng is a Qi man, and he only knows Guan Zhong and Yanzi. Or ask Zeng Xi: "My son Who is the virtuous one, Zeng Xi? Guan Zhong was as dedicated as the king, as long as he was in state affairs, and as humble as him in meritorious service. How could you compare to me?" He said: "Guan Zhong, Zeng Xi did not do what he did, but his son did it for me. "Is that what you want?"
said: "Guan Zhong dominates with his lord, and Yanzi shows his lordship. Guan Zhong and Yanzi are not enough to give in?"
said: "With the king of Qi, it is a matter of backhand."
said: "If so, then My brother is very confused. Moreover, the virtue of King Wen collapsed after a hundred years, but it was still not harmonious in the world. King Wu and Duke Zhou succeeded him and then became popular. Now if King Yan is easy to do, then King Wen will not be able to help him?
said: "How can King Wen be the king? From Tang to Wu Ding , the virtuous and sage kings made sixty-seven works. The world has returned to Yin for a long time, and it will be difficult to change after a long time. The princes of Wu Ding Dynasty have the world, and they are still in the palm of luck. It wasn't long after Zhou left Wu Ding that his old family customs and good governance still existed; there were also Weizi, Weizhong, Prince Bigan, Jizi, and Jiao Ke who were all virtuous people who supported him. After a long time, it is lost. A foot of land is not his own; a people is not his ministers. However, King Wen is still a hundred miles away, so it is difficult. The people of Qi said: "Although there is wisdom, it is better to take advantage of the situation. It is better to wait for the time when there is a foundation. "It is easy to do now: in the prosperity of the Xia Dynasty, Yin Dynasty, and Zhou Dynasty, the land has not traveled more than a thousand miles, but it has its own land; the crows of chickens and the barking of dogs can be heard, and they can reach the four realms. But Qi has its people. The land will not be transformed, and the people will not be reunited. The king will be able to control it with benevolent government, and the king will not do it, and there will be no neglect at this time; the people will languish under the tyrannical government. , Nothing like this. The hungry are easy to eat, and the thirsty are easy to drink. Confucius said: "The popularity of virtue is as fast as sending a message." In today's world, the country travels. Benevolent government, which pleases the people, is still a solution. People from ancient times will do twice as much, but this is the case at this time. "
Gongsun Chou asked: "Master, how can the ministers of Qi be able to do the right thing? No different. If this is the case, is it tempting?"
Mencius said: "No, I am not tempted when I am forty.
Work Introduction
"Mencius" has seven chapters in total. It is a collection of Mencius 's remarks during the Warring States Period. It records Mencius's debates with other schools of thought, his words and deeds to his disciples, and his lobbying of the princes. It was compiled by Mencius and his disciples ( 0,000 chapters, , etc.) are jointly compiled.
"Mencius" records Mencius's thoughts on governing the country, political strategies ( benevolent government , the distinction between kings and hegemons, the people-oriented, the king's heart is wrong, the people are noble and the country is inferior to the king) and political actions. It was written around the Warring States Period. In the middle period, it is a Confucian classic. The starting point of his theory is the theory of human nature and goodness, and he advocates the rule of virtue. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi combined "Mencius", "The Analects of Confucius", "Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" together as the "Four Books". Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been regarded as a book that has been passed down from family to family. Just like our textbooks. "Mencius" is the largest and heaviest of the Four Books, with more than 35,000 words. From then until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "Four Books" had been a required part of the imperial examination. The theory of the book "Mencius" is not only pure and profound, but the articles are also extremely powerful and beautiful. (Five Classics: "Poetry", "Book", "Li", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn")
"Mencius" is a work that records Meng Ke's words and deeds, and is also one of the important classics of Confucianism. The chapters include: (1) "King Hui of Liang" (Part 1 and Part 2), (2) "Gongsun Chou" (Part 1 and Part 2), (3) "Teng Wengong " (Part 1 and Part 2), (4) "Li Lou" (Part 1 and Part 2), (5) "Wan Zhang" (top and bottom), (6) " Gaozi " (top and bottom), (7) "Jie Xin" (top and bottom).
"Mencius" is majestic in writing, full of emotions, eloquent and highly contagious. It has been passed down to later generations and has far-reaching influence, becoming one of the Confucian classics.
"Historical Records·Biography of Mencius": "Meng Ke was not consistent with what he said, so he retreated to Wan Zhang's disciples to preface "Poems" and "Books", describe Zhongni's meaning, and write seven chapters of "Mencius"." It is called "Mencius". "Seven chapters were written by Mencius himself. Zhao Qi's "Inscriptions on Mencius" said: "This book is written by Mencius, so it is generally called "Mencius"." He also said: "So he retreated to discuss the collection, and gave it to his younger brother Gongsun Chou. , Wan Zhang's disciples, who had difficulty answering questions, wrote their own instructions and wrote seven chapters. "This is also written by Mencius himself. Yan Ruoyu of the Qing Dynasty also wrote "The Examination of Mencius's Life and Death Years" based on Mencius's own opinion, and said: "The Analects was written in the hands of a disciple, so the appearance of the saint is well recorded. Seven chapters were written in my own hands, so I only record the words or sources. "But according to "Mencius", Meng Ke saw that the kings of his time, such as King Hui of Liang, King Xiang of Liang, King Xuan of Qi, Duke Zou Mugong, Duke Wen of Teng, and Duke Ping of Lu, all had posthumous titles. It is probably not Mencius's own creation. It is also recorded that Mencius's disciples Yue Zhengzi, Gongduzi, and Wuluzi were all called "Zi", which was definitely not done by Mencius. The person who compiled it was most likely a disciple of Mencius. The book was written around the middle of the Warring States Period.
The main annotated editions of "Mencius" include "Mencius' Commentaries" and " Four Preparations " in 14 volumes; "Mencius' Annotations" in "Four Preparations" in 7 volumes; "Mencius' Justice" and "Four Preparations" in 14 volumes; 30 volumes. There is also the modern man Yang Bojun "Mencius Translation and Annotation" (Zhonghua Book Company Edition).
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Full text of the work
"Mencius" Chapter 01 King Hui of Liang meets
Mencius meets King Hui of Liang. The king said, "Senior! Coming from a thousand miles away, will it benefit my country?"
Mencius said to him, "King! Why do you need to call it benefit? It's just benevolence and righteousness." The king said, "How can it benefit my country?" The doctor asked: "How can I benefit my family?" The common people said: "How can I benefit my body?" The country is in danger because of the conquest of superiors and inferiors. If a country of ten thousand chariots is killed, the family of a thousand chariots will be killed. Those who kill their king will surely gain a family of hundreds of thousands, and if they take a thousand of them, they will not be able to gain more. , He is the king without righteousness. The king also calls it benevolence and righteousness, why should he call it benefit?"
Mencius met King Hui of Liang. The king stood on the swamp, looking at Hongyan and the elk, and said, "Do wise men also enjoy this?"
Mencius said to him: "The wise will enjoy this, but the unworthy will not enjoy it even though they have this. The poem goes: "After passing the Shiling Platform, If you manage it, the common people will attack it, and it will be completed soon. Don't worry about it, the common people will come.The king is in Lingbo, the deer are crouching, the deer are crouching, and the white birds and cranes are there. The king is in the spiritual marsh, and the fish is jumping on the boat. 』 King Wen used the power of the people as a platform and a marsh, and the people were happy with it. They called the platform Lingtai and the marsh Lingmarsh, and they were happy that there were elk, fish and turtles there. In ancient times, people enjoyed themselves with the people, so they were able to enjoy themselves. Tang vowed: "The time will bring disaster, and both I and my daughter will die." "The people want to die together with them. Even though there are birds and beasts in the pond, how can they be happy alone?" ”
King Hui of Liang said: “A humble man treats his country with all his heart and ears. If there is trouble in the river, move his people to the east of the river, and move his millet to the river. The same goes for the trouble in the east of the river. If you look at the government of neighboring countries, it is not as good as that of a humble man. If you are careful, the people of your neighboring countries will not be reduced, and the people of your country will not be increased. Why not?"
Mencius said: "The king likes to fight, please use the metaphor of war. Fill up the drums, and the weapons are connected, and the armor is drawn. If you take a hundred steps and then stop, what if you take fifty steps and laugh at a hundred steps? "
said: "No; if you don't take a hundred steps straight, you can still walk."
said: "If the king knows this, there is no hope that the people will be more numerous than those of neighboring countries." "If the farming season is not violated, the grain will not be enough to eat; if a few grains of rice are not brought into the lake, the fish and turtles will not be able to eat; if the ax is brought into the forest at the right time, the timber will not be able to be eaten. Use it. Grains and fish and turtles cannot be eaten, and trees cannot be used. This is the beginning of the king's way to maintain health and death without regrets. "A five-acre house is filled with mulberry trees." They can wear silk clothes. Chickens, dolphins, dogs, and pigs will not be lost in their time. Those who are seventy can eat meat. Don't take away the land of a hundred acres. A family of several people will not be hungry. In order to express the righteousness of filial piety and brotherhood, those who are in their 70s wear silk and eat meat, and the people are neither hungry nor cold. However, there is no such thing as a king who eats human food without knowing it. If someone is hungry and doesn't know how to get rid of it, then saying: "It's not me, it's Sui" is different from stabbing someone and saying, "It's not me, it's a soldier". The people are here."
King Hui of Liang said: "I am willing to accept the teaching."
Mencius said to him: "Is there any difference between using a stile and a sword to kill people?"
said: "There is no difference."
"There is no difference. Are there any differences between the sword and government?"
said: "There is no difference."
said: "There are fat meats in the kitchens, fat horses in the stables, hungry people, and hungry animals in the wild. This is how the beasts eat people. Animals eat each other, and people hate it. As a parent of the people, the government will not avoid leading the beasts to eat people. Zhongni said: "The first to make figurines, they have no descendants." Why did the people starve to death?"
King Hui of Liang said: "There is no strong country in the world, as I know. As for me, I was defeated by Qi in the east, and my eldest son died. The land is seven hundred miles away from Qin in the west, and it is humiliated by Chu in the south. I would like to compare it with the dead, so what can I do?"
Mencius said to him: "The land is only a hundred miles away, and you can be king. The king is like Shi. Be benevolent to the people, avoid penalties, reduce taxes, and make farming easy; the strong spend their spare time cultivating their filial piety and loyalty, serving their fathers and brothers when they are in, and serving their superiors when they are out, so that they can use the stiles to defeat the strong armor of Qin and Chu. The soldiers are gone.
"When he captured his people, he was unable to cultivate the land to support his parents. His parents were frozen and hungry, and his brothers and wives were separated. He was drowning his people, and the king went to conquer them. Who can be the enemy of the king? Therefore, he said: "The benevolent one Invincible. "Please don't doubt me!"
When Mencius saw King Xiang of Liang, he came out and said to the man, "You don't look like a human king. How can you be afraid of him?" He suddenly asked, "Is there evil in the world?" 』
"I said to him: "Determined to be one."
""Who can do it?"
"I said to him: "He who does not like to kill can do it."
""Who can do it?"
"I said to him: "Who can do it?"
" "There is nothing in the world that doesn't help me. If there is a drought between July and August, the seedlings will be dry. If the sky is full of clouds and it rains, then the seedlings will thrive. Who can control it?" There is no human being in the world today who does not like to kill people. If there is someone who does not like to kill people, then all the people in the world will look forward to it. If the people return to it, they will come down from the water. Can you control it?"
King Xuan of Qi asked: "Can the affairs of Qi Huan and Jin Wen be heard of?"
Mencius said to him: "Zhongni's disciples did not know the affairs of Huan and Wen, and they will not be passed down in future generations. "Yan, I haven't heard of it. How can I be a king if I don't have it?"
said: "How can you be a king if you are virtuous?"
said: "If you protect the people and become a king, you can't control them."
said: "If I have only a few people, can I protect the people?"
said: "Yes."
said: "How do you know that I can do it?"
said: "I heard that Hu He said that the king was sitting in the hall. When a cow passed by the hall, the king saw it and said, "Where is the cow?" He said to him, "I will challenge the bell." The king said, "I can't bear to see it. If it is innocent, it will die." He said, "How can we abolish Zhongyu?" He said, "You don't know why?"
said, "This is the heart of the king." . The people all love the king. I know that the king cannot bear it. "
The king said: "Of course, there are people. Although Qi is a small country, why should I love a cow? I can't bear it. If you commit a crime, you will die, so you will die with sheep. "
said: "The king is no different from the people who love the king. If the king is easy to change, he will know it? If the king conceals his innocence and die, what will happen to the cattle and sheep? Which one to choose?"
Wang laughed and said, "What's the point of being sincere? I don't love my wealth, so I give it to sheep. It's suitable for the people to call me love."
said: "It's not harmful, it's a benevolent skill. When you see cattle, you don’t see sheep. A gentleman can’t bear to see animals alive. He can’t bear to eat their meat. This is why a gentleman goes far away from the kitchen."
Wang said: "Poetry" says: " If others have intentions, please consider them. "That's what Master means." Husband, I do it, but I seek it, and it doesn’t get my heart. Master said, I feel very close to you. Why is this heart aligned with the king?
said: "There is a king who said: "My strength is enough to lift a hundred jun, but not a feather; my strength is enough to detect the end of a hair, but not the feather." Does the king agree with this?"
said: " No."
"If the kindness is enough for the beasts, but the merit is not for the people, how can it be done? However, if a feather is not lifted, it is a waste of effort; if the public support is not seen, it is not clear; if the people are not protected, it is a waste of effort. There is no need for grace. Therefore, if a king is not a king, he does not do it, but he cannot do it. "
said: "What is the difference between those who do not do it and those who cannot do it?"
said: "Take the Taishan Mountain to cross the North Sea, the speaker said, "I can't." He broke off the branches for the elders and said, "I can't do it." Therefore, the king is not a king, and it is not like holding the Taishan Mountain to cross the North Sea; A king who is not a king is like breaking a branch.
"The old and the old are like the old; the young and the young are like the young, and the world can be transported in the palm of the hand. "Poetry" says: "The punishment for the widow is as for the brothers. , to control the family and the country. "It's just a matter of applying kindness to others. Therefore, extending kindness can protect the world, but not showing kindness can protect your wife. There is no other reason why people in ancient times are better than others. They are good at what they do." That's it. If you are kind enough to the beasts, but the merit is not to the people, how can you give it to the people? Then you will know the importance; then you will know the length. The king please save it! Promote soldiers, threaten soldiers and ministers, complain to the princes, and then respond quickly to your heart?"
The king said: "No! How can I do it quickly? I will pursue my great desires."
said: "The great desires of the king "Can you hear it?"
Wang smiled and said nothing.
said: Why is fat and sweetness not enough for the mouth, and light and warmth not enough for the body? Or is it because the color selection is not enough for the eyes? The sound is not enough for your ears? Isn't it enough that I can order you to come forward? All the king's ministers are enough to provide for him, but why should the king do so?
said: "No! I don't think so."
said: "But the king's great desire is obvious. He wants to open up land, go to Qin and Chu, come to China and appease the barbarians. Do what you want, and ask for what you want. "Desire is like asking for fish while relying on wood."
The king said: "What if it is really worth it?"
said: "It is almost impossible. If you ask for fish based on wood, even if you don't get the fish, there will be no consequences; if you do what you want, you will ask for what you want. , try your best to do it, but there will be disaster later."
said: "Can you hear it?"
said: "The people of Zou are fighting with the people of Chu, who does the king think will win?"
said: "The people of Chu will win."
said: "However, a small solid cannot defeat a large one, a small solid cannot defeat a large number, and a weak solid cannot defeat a strong one. There are nine places in the sea that are thousands of miles apart, and there is one of them when they gather together. How can one conquer eight and be different from the enemy of Chu?" Gai is also contrary to his nature.
"Now that the king has implemented benevolent policies, all officials in the world want to establish themselves in the king's dynasty, all farmers want to cultivate in the king's fields, all merchants want to hide in the king's city, all travelers want to go on the king's road, and all the people in the world want to harm the king. Everyone wants to go to the king. If so, who can control it? "
The king said: "I am afraid that I can't go forward. I hope you can help me with my ambition and teach me. Although I am not sensitive, please try it."
said: "Those who do not have permanent property but have perseverance can only be qualified by scholars. If you are a people, you will have no permanent property because you have no perseverance. If you do not have perseverance, you will do anything to ward off evil and extravagance. If you fall into sin and then punish it, you will neglect the people. So, how can a benevolent person in office do anything for the people? Therefore, if a wise ruler controls the people's property, they will be able to serve their parents and feed their wives, and they will be full in the happy years and avoid death in the bad years. It is good, so the people follow it lightly.
"Today's people's property is not enough to serve their parents, and it is not enough to support their wives. Good years will lead to hardship, and bad years will inevitably lead to death. This is only to save death, but not to support. , Is it time to practice etiquette and justice?
"If the king wants to do it, he will go back to his original nature: a house with five acres of trees will be planted with mulberry trees, and those who are fifty can wear silk clothes. Chickens, dolphins, dogs, and pigs will not lose their time. Seventy You can eat meat. If you don’t take away a hundred acres of land, your family of eight will not be hungry. I will teach you in detail the meaning of filial piety and brotherhood, and I will give you the old man’s clothes and silk. By eating meat, the people will neither be hungry nor cold, but there is no such thing as a king."
"Mencius" Chapter 02 King Hui of Liang
Zhuang Bao met Mencius and said: "I saw the king violently, and the king said that he was happy, but there was no such thing as violence." "That's right." He said, "What kind of happiness is that?"
Mencius said, "If the king is very happy, how many common people in Qi will be?"
The next day, I saw the king and said, "The king once said that Zhuangzi had such happiness, what kind of happiness are there?"
The king changed his expression and said: "I can't like the joy of the previous king, but I like the music of the world."
said: "The king's joy is so great that the country has almost no common people. The joy today is still the joy of ancient times." "Yes."
said: "Can you hear it?"
said: "Which one is happy alone, happy with others?"
said: "Not as good as with others."
said: "Happy with less, happy with others." Everyone is happy, who is happy?"
said: "Not like everyone."
"I would like to express music for the king. Now the king is happy here. When the people hear the sound of the king's bells and drums, they raise their heads and frown. He said: "My king is so good at playing drums, why have I reached this extreme? Father and son do not see each other, brothers and wives are separated." Now the king is hunting here, and the people hear the sound of the king's chariots and horses, and see the beauty of the feathers. He frowned and said to each other: "My king is so good at hunting, why have I come to this extreme? Father and son do not see each other, brothers and wives are separated." Without him, I can't enjoy the music of the people. Here, when the people heard the sound of the king's bells and drums, as well as the sound of the drums, they cheered with joy and said to each other: "My king has almost no illness, how can he play music?" ’ Now the king is hunting here. When the people hear the sound of the king’s chariots and horses and see the beauty of the feathers, they look up with joy and say to each other, ‘My king has few diseases, so how can he hunt in the fields? "There is no other way to do this than to enjoy yourself with the people." Now if the king enjoys happiness with the people, then he is king.
King Xuan of Qi asked: "How many are there within King Wen's area of seventy miles?"
Mencius replied: "There are some in the Chuan."
said: "How big is it?"
said: "The people still think it is small." "Ye."
said: "I have a confinement of forty miles, but the people still think it is big. Why?"
said: "The confinement of King Wen is seventy miles. How far can those who eat grass and pheasants go? How can they go with the people?" The same thing. Isn't it appropriate for the people to think that it is small? I first went to the border and asked about the great ban of the country, and then I dared to enter. I heard that there is a limit of forty miles in the suburbs. Killing the elk is like murder, so it is a crime. Isn't it appropriate for the people to think that it is a trap forty miles across the country?"
King Xuan of Qi asked: "Is there a way to deal with neighboring countries?"
Mencius said, "Yes. Only a benevolent person can do great things with small things. , This is the story of Tang who serves Ge, and King Wen who serves Kun and Yi. But the wise man is able to do big things with small things. Therefore, King Tai is doing things with Maohuan, and Gou Jian is doing things with Wu. He is a man who is happy with heaven; . Those who are happy with Heaven will protect the world, and those who fear Heaven will protect their country. "Poetry" says: "Fear the power of Heaven and protect it at the right time."
The king said: "That's great! I am sick, but I am brave."
He said to him: "The king invites you to be brave.The husband stroked his sword and looked at it quickly, saying, "How dare you do this to me!" "This man's bravery can only be defeated by one man." The king asks for help!
"The "Poetry" says: "King Hesi was angry, and Yuan organized his brigade to contain Chu Ju, to restrain Zhou Hu, and to deal with the world." This is the courage of King Wen. King Wen was angry and calmed the people of the world.
" "Book" said: "Heaven has sent down the people to be kings and teachers, and they are only favored by God. I am the only one who is guilty and innocent in all directions. How dare anyone in the world have the ambition to be more powerful?" This is how brave King Wu is. Now King Wu is also angry and calming the people of the world. The people are afraid that the king will not be brave."
King Xuan of Qi met Mencius in the Snow Palace. The king asked: "Do wise men also have this kind of happiness?"
Mencius said to him: "Yes. If people can't do it, then they are not above them. If they can't do it but are not above them, they are wrong; if they serve the people but do not enjoy it with the people, they are not. , that’s not the case. Those who enjoy the happiness of the people will also enjoy the happiness of the people; those who care about the worries of the people will also worry about the world. However, those who are not kings have not existed in the past. Duke Jin of Qi asked Yanzi : "I want to observe the dance of Zhuanfu Chao, which follows the sea to the south and is placed in Langye. How can I compare it to the observation of the previous kings?"
Yanzi replied: "That's a good question!" The emperor said to the princes that they were patrolling and guarding. The princes reported their duties to the emperor. It was nothing more than plowing in the spring but not enough in the summer. The proverb goes: "If my king doesn't travel, how can I rest? If my king doesn't hesitate, how can I help him?" . The people are slanderous. They are ordered to abuse the people. If they eat and drink like water, they will be in ruins. If they follow the flow, they will be forgotten. If they follow the flow, they will be connected. If you are tired of being desolate, if you are not tired of drinking, it is called death. The former king has no pleasure in wandering, and the desolation is the way of the king. "Jing Gong said that the great discipline is in the country, so he is prosperous and prosperous in the suburbs. Not enough. Master Zhao said: "It's a pleasure for me to be a king and my ministers!" His poem said, "What's wrong with being a king?" King Xuan of Qi asked. : "Everyone says that I destroyed the Mingtang and destroyed everything? Already?"
Mencius said to him: "The Mingtang is the hall of the king. If the king wants to carry out the king's government, he should not destroy it."
The king said: "The king's government can be heard. "With?"
said: "In the past, when King Wen ruled Qiye, the farmers were ninety-one, the officials were rich, and the cities were ridiculed but not conquered. There was no ban in the country, and the sinners were not born. An old man without a wife was called a widower. A person without a husband is called a widow, an old person without a son is called an orphan, and a child without a father is called an orphan. The poor people in the world have no complaints. King Wen must first implement these four things. Rich man, I am sorry for being so alone."
The king said: "What a good thing!"
said: "If the king is so good, why can't he do it?"
The king said: "I am sick, but I am good at goods."
He said: "In the past, Gong Liu had good goods. "Poetry" says: "It is the accumulation of goods in the warehouse, the wrapping of grains, and the lifting of grains in sacks. The thought of war is exhausted. The bows and arrows are spread out, and the war breaks out, and the couple sets off." Former Residence Those who have storehouses and those who travel have bags, and then they can start their journey together. The king is like a good product, and the people are the same. What is there for the king? "
The king said: "I am sick, I am lustful."
said to him: " In the past, the king was lustful and loved his concubine. "Poetry" says: "The ancient public servant came to court and led the Western Water Margin. As for Qixia, he married Jiang Nu and came to Xuyu at that time." There is no resentful woman, and there is no unruly husband. The king is lustful, and he is the same as the people, so what is wrong with the king?"
Mencius said to King Xuan of Qi: "The king's ministers entrusted his wife to his friends and traveled to Chu, which is the opposite. , then his wife is frozen and dying, what will happen?
The king said: "Throw it away."
said: "The judges cannot govern the people, so what should be done?"
The king said: "That's it."
said: "If the four realms are not governed, what should be done?" ”
Wang looked around and talked about him.
Mencius spoke of King Xuan of Qi and said: "The so-called homeland does not mean that it has trees, but that it has ministers. The king has no relatives. The past has advanced, but today we do not know its demise.
The king said: "How can I recognize that he has no talent and let him go?"
said: "If the king promotes talents, if he has no choice, he will make him humble more than his honor and more distant than his relatives. Is it careless to do so? Everyone on the left and right calls him a virtuous person, but that's not allowed. ; All the officials say no, don't listen; all the people in the country say no, then observe them; when they see the virtuous, then use them. Everyone on the left and right says no, don't listen; all the officials say no, don't listen; all the people say no, Then check it; if you see something is not right, then go away. The people on the left and right say it is possible to kill, but do not listen; Therefore, it is said that the people of the country should kill them. After this, they can become the parents of the people."
King Xuan of Qi asked: "When Tang released Jie and King Wu defeated Zhou, how could it be done?"
Mencius replied: "There is such a thing as Chuan."
: "Is it permissible for a minister to kill his own king?"
said: "Those who thieve benevolence are called 'thieves', those who thieve righteousness are called 'crimes'. Those who cripple thieves are called 'one husband'. I have heard that Zhou punished one husband, but I have not heard of it." "Regicide."
Mencius met King Xuan of Qi and said: "If you want to build a large house, you must ask the craftsmen to ask for big trees. If the craftsmen get big trees, the king will be happy and think that he can do his job. If the craftsmen cut it small, then the king will do it." Angry, he thought he was not qualified for his task. My wife learned it when she was young, and when she was strong, she wanted to practice it. The king said: "Follow me what my aunt has learned." What if there is a piece of jade here? When it comes to governing the country, saying, "Follow what I learned from my aunt" is different from teaching jade men to carve jade."
The people of Qi attacked Yan and won. King Xuan asked: "It may be said that the few should not take it, or that the few should take it. If a country of ten thousand chariots is used to attack a country of ten thousand chariots, and it is raised in fifty years, the manpower will not be able to do this. If you don't take it, there will be disaster. Take it, How about it?"
Mencius said to him: "If you take something that pleases the people of Yan, then take it. The people of ancient times did it, and King Wu did the same. If you take it and the people of Yan are displeased, don't take it. The people of ancient times did it. That's what King Wen is doing. He uses the country of ten thousand chariots to conquer the kingdom of ten thousand chariots. How can it be better to avoid water and fire?
The people of Qi attacked Yan and took it. The princes will plan to save Yan. King Xuan said: "How can we treat those princes who are planning to attack the few?"
Mencius said to him: "I have heard that those who govern the world at seventy miles are like this. I have never heard of those who are afraid of others at a thousand miles away. "Book" said : "Tang's campaign started from Ge." The world believed it, and when they marched to the east, the barbarians in the west resented it; when they marched in the south, the barbarians in the north complained, "Are you going to come after me?" "The people look to it as they look to the clouds in a severe drought." Those who return to the market will not stop, but those who work the fields will not change. Kill the king and hang the people, just like when rain falls. The people are delighted. "The Book" says: "After you came to me, you later became Su." Now Yan is oppressing its people, and the king goes to conquer it. The people think that they will save themselves from fire and water, so they eat pots of pulp to welcome the king's army. If he kills his brother and father, his children will be harmed, his ancestral temple will be destroyed, and his important weapons will be removed. How can this be done? The world is indeed afraid of the strength of Qi, but now that the territory has been doubled and they are not practicing benevolent government, this is to stir up the armies of the world. The king quickly issued an order to counterattack his enemies, stop his heavy weapons, and plot against the people of Yan. If he put the king in charge and then left, he would still be able to stop it. 》
Zou and Lu coax. Duke Mu asked: "I have thirty-three people who have died, but the people should not let them die. If they are punished, it will be impossible to punish them; if they are not punished, they will be regarded as dead and the superiors will not be saved. What can I do?"
Mencius said to him: "In a bad year, when you are hungry and hungry, your people, old and weak, turn to the ravines, and the strong ones are scattered in all directions. There are thousands of them. But your warehouses are strong and your treasury is full, and there is no one to tell you. This is Zengzi said: "If you are not careful, you will be wrong." The people will do the same thing now and then! ”
Teng Wenggong asked: “Teng is a small country, between Qi and Chu. Is it Qi? Is it Chu?”
Mencius said to him: “This plan is beyond my reach. There is no way. Now, there is one thing: to dig this pond and build this city, and to guard it with the people, and the people will not be able to leave, that is what can be done."
Teng Wengong asked: "I am very afraid that the people of Qi will build Xue. "How can this be done?"
Mencius said to him: "In the past, the great king lived in Ping, and the people from Di invaded and fled to live under the Qishan Mountain. It is not a choice but a last resort. If you do good, your descendants will have a king." A gentleman's business is sustainable. If he succeeds, what will happen to him? Strength is just good.
Teng Wenggong asked: "Teng is a small country. If you try your best to serve a big country, you will have to do something. What can I do?"
Mencius said to him: "In the past, the great king lived in Yi, and the Di people invaded it. To do it, It is necessary to use leather and coins; it is inevitable to use dogs and horses; it is inevitable to use pearls and jade. It belongs to the elders who told him: "What the people of Di want, I have heard about it." "A gentleman does not harm others by what he has done. Why should the two or three sons be troubled by the king?" I will go to Yi, cross Liangshan, and live at the foot of Qishan. Ye. "Those who follow it are like returning to the market."
"It may be said: "It is beyond the power of the body. Don't leave if you die."
"Please choose between these two."
Duke Ping of Lu will come out. , the lover Zangcang asked: "One day when the king comes out, he will definitely order a secretary to take care of him. Now that the chariot has arrived, there is a secretary who does not know where to go, so I dare to invite him."
The Duke said: "I will see Mencius."
said : "Why, do you think you are virtuous by degrading your life by being ahead of an ordinary man? Rites and righteousness come from the virtuous; and Mencius's mourning after him was more than his mourning before. You don't see it!"
The Duke said: "Nuo."
Yue Zhengzi came to see him and said, "Why are you so angry for not seeing Meng Ke?"
said, "Maybe you can tell me, 'Mencius mourned after him more than he mourned before him.' That's why he didn't go to see him."
said, "Why, What do you mean by overstepping? A scholar in the front and a doctor in the back; three tripods in the front and five tripods in the back?"
said: "No, it is the beauty of coffins, coffins, clothes and quilts."
said: "It is not the so-called "overseas". "It's different."
Le Zhengzi saw Mencius and said, "I'm going to accuse you because you're here to see me. If your lover has a warehouse, you're going to stop him. You're coming because he's not getting results."
He said, "Okay, maybe I'll do it." It's impossible for humans to stop or stop. If I don't meet the Marquis of Lu, how can Heaven prevent me from meeting him?"
"Mencius" Chapter 03 Gongsun Chou asked
He said: "Master is on the road to Qi, Guan Zhong and Yanzi's achievements, can they be restored?"
Mencius said: "Zi Cheng is a Qi man, and he only knows Guan Zhong and Yanzi. Or ask Zeng Xi: "My son Who is the virtuous one, Zeng Xi? Guan Zhong was as dedicated as the king, as long as he was in state affairs, and as humble as him in meritorious service. How could you compare to me?" He said: "Guan Zhong, Zeng Xi did not do what he did, but his son did it for me. "Is that what you want?"
said: "Guan Zhong dominates with his lord, and Yanzi shows his lordship. Guan Zhong and Yanzi are not enough to give in?"
said: "With the king of Qi, it is a matter of backhand."
said: "If so, then My brother is very confused. Moreover, the virtue of King Wen collapsed after a hundred years, but it was still not harmonious in the world. King Wu and Duke Zhou succeeded him and then became popular. Now if King Yan is easy to do, then King Wen will not be able to help him?
said: "How can King Wen be the king? From Tang to Wu Ding , the virtuous and sage kings made sixty-seven works. The world has returned to Yin for a long time, and it will be difficult to change after a long time. The princes of Wu Ding Dynasty have the world, and they are still in the palm of luck. It wasn't long after Zhou left Wu Ding that his old family customs and good governance still existed; there were also Weizi, Weizhong, Prince Bigan, Jizi, and Jiao Ke who were all virtuous people who supported him. After a long time, it is lost. A foot of land is not his own; a people is not his ministers. However, King Wen is still a hundred miles away, so it is difficult. The people of Qi said: "Although there is wisdom, it is better to take advantage of the situation. It is better to wait for the time when there is a foundation. "It is easy to do now: in the prosperity of the Xia Dynasty, Yin Dynasty, and Zhou Dynasty, the land has not traveled more than a thousand miles, but it has its own land; the crows of chickens and the barking of dogs can be heard, and they can reach the four realms. But Qi has its people. The land will not be transformed, and the people will not be reunited. The king will be able to control it with benevolent government, and the king will not do it, and there will be no neglect at this time; the people will languish under the tyrannical government. , Nothing like this. The hungry are easy to eat, and the thirsty are easy to drink. Confucius said: "The popularity of virtue is as fast as sending a message." In today's world, the country travels. Benevolent government, which pleases the people, is still a solution. People from ancient times will do twice as much, but this is the case at this time. "
Gongsun Chou asked: "Master, how can the ministers of Qi be able to do the right thing? No different. If this is the case, is it tempting?"
Mencius said: "No, I am not tempted when I am forty.
said: "If so, Master is far ahead of Meng Ben."
said: "It is not difficult, tell me first that I am not moved."
said: "Is there a way to not be moved?"
said: "Yes. Beigong is dark. It is also about cultivating bravery: not having skin and eyes, not escaping, thinking about defeating others with a big blow, like a tart in the market, not being affected by Brown Kuanbo, nor being affected by the king of ten thousand chariots; looking at the king of ten thousand chariots, If you stab the brown man and the unscrupulous princes, they will turn against you. Meng Shishe's courage is also said: "It is still possible to win if you don't think it is possible; to measure the enemy before advancing, and to think about victory before meeting. This is how he can do it if he is afraid of the three armies." Is it necessary to win? It's all about being fearless. "Meng Shishe is like Zengzi , and Beigong is like Zixia . I don't know which of the two sons is wise, but Meng Shishe kept his promise. Xiang said, "How brave are you?" Qi is not as good as Zengzi's keeping of promises."
said: "I dare to ask Master's immobility and Gaozi's immobility, can you hear it?"
"Gaozi said: "Don't ask for words, don't ask for it from the heart; If it cannot be obtained from the heart, do not seek it from the Qi. If it cannot be obtained from the heart, do not seek it from the Qi. If it cannot be obtained from the words, it cannot be sought from the heart. The Qi is the master of the body; the Qi is the fulfillment of the body. Yan, Qi follows Yan; therefore, it is said: "Keep your ambition, and do not expose your Qi.""
"It is said, "The ambition is Yan, and Qi follows Yan." It is also said, "Keep your ambition, and do not expose your Qi." Why?"
said: "One's ambition stirs up one's qi, and one's qi stirs up one's will. Now the person who crumbles is the one who is angry, and it reacts with his heart."
"May I ask, Master, if you are evil?"
said : "I know what to say, I am good at cultivating my awe-inspiring Qi."
"May I ask what is awe-inspiring Qi?"
said: "It is difficult to describe. It is Qi, which is the most powerful and strong. If it is nourished directly without harm, it will be blocked in the heaven and earth. It is Qi, which is matched with righteousness and Tao. It is the result of righteousness and is not taken from the heart. Therefore, I say. If you don't know the meaning, you should take it as an external thing. Don't do it right, don't forget it, don't help it. It's not like the people of the Song Dynasty: people in the Song Dynasty had people who picked up the seedlings when they didn't grow. He said to him, "I am sick today! I will help the seedlings to grow!" His son looked at them, but the seedlings were dying. There are very few people in the world who don't help the seedlings to grow, and they don't cultivate the seedlings. Those who help the elders are not useless, but also harm them."
"What is knowing words?"
said: "The good words know what they are hiding, the obscene words know what they are trapping, and the evil words know what they are. When the sage comes back, he will follow my words. "Zi Gong is good at speaking." , Ran Niu, Minzi , Yan Yuan are both good at words and virtuous, and Confucius said: "If I give up my life, I can't." ’ Then the Master is holy?
said: "Evil! What are you talking about? In the past, Zigong asked Confucius: "Is the Master holy?" Confucius said: "If you are holy, I can't do it. I am never tired of learning and never tired of teaching." Zigong said : "Being tireless in learning is wisdom; being tireless in teaching is benevolence. The Master is both benevolent and wise." How can one say that Confucius is not a sage? Zi Zhang all have the essence of a saint, but Ran Niu, Min Zi, and Yan Yuan are specific and subtle. They dare to ask what they are doing. "
said: "Gu She is."
said: "What about Boyi and Yi Yin?"
said: " It's different. If it's not the king, it's not the people. If it's not the king, it's not the people. If it's not the king, it's not the people. If it's not the king, it's not the people. Officials can stop, they can be long, they can be fast, Confucius is the same as the ancient sages. But I want to learn from Confucius."
"Bo Yi and Yi Yin are like Confucius. , if it is a class?"
said: "No; since the beginning of the world, there has never been Confucius."
said: "But is there the same thing?"
said: "Yes. If you get a land of hundreds of miles and rule it, you will be the same." It is the same to be able to lord it over the princes and gain the world by doing an injustice and killing an innocent person."
said: "Dare to ask why it is different."
said: "Kill me, Zigong, Youruo, is wise enough to know that a sage is not as dirty as he likes.Zaiwo said: "As I observe the master, I am far more virtuous than Yao and Shun." Zigong said: "You will know its politics by seeing its body, and you will know its virtues by hearing its music. After a hundred generations, even the kings of a hundred generations will not be able to disobey it." Since the birth of the people, there has never been a master. Youruo said, "Are they just the people?" The unicorn is to the beasts, the phoenix is to the birds, the Taishan Mountains are to the hills and mountains, the rivers and the sea are to the rivers and lakes, they are similar. The saints are similar to the people. Out of its kind, it is the best among its kind. Since the birth of the people, it has never been more prosperous than Confucius. 』"
Mencius said: "Those who use strength to pretend to be benevolent will be domineering, and they will have a great country; those who are benevolent will be kings, and the king will not be great. Tang is seventy miles, and King Wen is a hundred miles. Those who use strength to convince others are not convinced by their hearts, and they are not strong enough. Support; those who convince others with virtue are happy and sincere, just like the Seventy-year-old Confucius. "Poetry" says: "From the west to the east, from the south to the north, there is no thought but no submission." . "
Mencius said: "Benevolence brings honor, being unkind brings disgrace. Now it is unkind to be humiliated, which is like being wet and humble. To be evil, it is better to respect virtue and respect people. The wise are in the position and the capable are in the position. When the country is free, it is time to clarify its political punishment. Even if it is a big country, it will be feared. The poem goes: "It is not raining in the sky, so I am ready to hide my house. Do you dare to insult me now?" Confucius said: "Who knows this? Who dares to insult the country if it is idle?" "Poetry" says: "Always say that you will be blessed." " Taijia" said: "If you do evil by yourself, you can't live." This is what Mencius said. Said: "If you respect the virtuous and enable the capable, and if the heroes are in power, then all the people in the world will be happy, and they will be willing to stand in their dynasties; if the market is simple but not levy, and the law is not simple, then all the merchants in the world will be happy, and they will be willing to hide it in their dynasty." The market is there; if the pass is ridiculed but not conquered, then everyone in the world will be happy to travel, and they will be willing to follow the road; if the cultivator is helping but not taxing, then all the farmers in the world will be happy, and will be willing to cultivate their fields; , If there is no cloth inside, then all the people in the world will be happy and willing to be a gangster. If you believe that you can do these five, the people in neighboring countries will look up to you like your parents, and lead your children to attack their parents. Since the birth of the people, There is no one who can help. If you are like this, you will be invincible in the world. Those who are natural enemies are the officials of heaven. However, there is no such thing as a king."
Mencius said: "Everyone has a heart that cannot bear others. With a heart that cannot tolerate others, you can implement an intolerable government and govern the world in the palm of your hand. Therefore, it is said that everyone has a heart that cannot be tolerated. Now, at the first sight, the child will fall into the well. , they all have a heart of fear and compassion, not because they are friends with the children's parents, not because they want to be praised by their hometown friends, and not because they hate their voices. From this point of view, it is not human to have a heart of compassion; A heart of shame and disgust is not a human being; a heart of humiliation is not a human being; a heart of shame and shame is not a human being. Also; the mind of right and wrong is the basis of wisdom. People have four ends, just like they have four bodies. Those who say they are incapable of doing so are committing treason; those who claim that their ruler is incapable of doing so are also treason. "Anything that has four ends in it, I know it is expanded and filled. If the fire starts to rise, if it can be filled, it will be enough to protect the world; if it is not filled, it will not be enough to serve the parents."
Mencius said. : "Isn't it better to target people than to send people? The target person is afraid of not hurting others, and the target person is afraid of hurting others. The same is true for shamans and craftsmen. Therefore, one must not be careless in his skills. Confucius said: "Benevolence is beautiful. If you choose not to be kind, how can you get it? Wisdom? "Humanity is the dignity of heaven, and it is the dignity of man. It is unwise to be unkind, unwise, disrespectful, and ungrateful, and it is a shame to serve." When you bow to others, you are ashamed to be a bow, and when you shoot at others, you are ashamed to be an arrow. It is better to be benevolent than to be ashamed. A benevolent person is like a shooter: he who shoots corrects himself and then shoots; if he shoots and misses, he does not complain about defeating himself, but only seeks others. "
Mencius said: "Zilu, when people tell you that they have made mistakes, they are happy. When Yu hears good words, he worships him. Shun was a great man, he was good with others, he sacrificed himself and followed others, he was willing to take what others thought was good, and he Farming, potting, fishing, and even becoming an emperor are all about doing good to others. Therefore, there is nothing better than doing good to others. "
Mencius said: "Bo Yi is not his king, and he does not do anything. Friends, not friends. Don't stand in the court of evil people, and don't talk to evil people. Stand in the court of evil people, and talk to evil people. It's like sitting in the ashes with your royal robe and crown.He has an evil heart and wants to stand with the country people. His crown is not straight, and he looks away and looks like he is about to be punished. Therefore, even if the princes are good at what they say and arrive, they will not accept it. Those who don't accept it are just disdainful. Liu Xiahui will not be ashamed to insult the king, nor be humble to a small official; he will not hide the virtuous when he enters, but will follow his own way; he will not complain when things are lost, and he will not pity the poor. Therefore, he said: "You are for you, and I am for myself. Even if you are naked on my side, how can you resist me?" ” Therefore, you can go along with it without losing it, and stop it with help. Those who stop without help will not even bother to leave. Mencius said: "Boyi is narrow, and Liu Xiahui is disrespectful, and a gentleman cannot help it."
"Mencius" Chapter 04 Gongsun Chou descends
Mencius said: "The weather is not as good as the favorable terrain, and the favorable geographical conditions are not as good as the people. A city of three miles, a country of seven miles, If you attack an enemy in a circle, you will be able to win. However, the one who cannot win is because the weather is not as good as the terrain. The city is not too high, the pond is not too deep, and the army is not too strong. There is not much millet, so if you let it go, the geographical advantages are not as good as the harmony. Therefore, it is said: the people of the region do not rely on the boundaries of the border, the country is not consolidated by the dangers of mountains and rivers, and the people who control the world do not rely on the benefits of military revolution. Help, those who are unjust will have little help. If they have little help, they will be with their relatives; if they have more help, the world will obey them. If the world obeys them, they will attack their relatives. Therefore, if a gentleman does not fight, he will win."
Mencius was about to go to the king, and the king sent someone to say: "As you can see, I have a cold disease, so I can't take the wind. Go to the court, I will look at the court, don't you know, how can I see it?"
He said to him: "Unfortunately. But if you are sick, you will not be able to make a dynasty."
Tomorrow, I will be hanged by the Dongguo family. Gongsun Chou said: "In the past, I was sick, and today I am hanging up. Is it inappropriate?"
He said: "In the past, I was sick, and today I am cured. Why not hang up?"
The king sent people to ask about the illness, and the doctor came.
Meng Zhongzi said to him: "In the past, there were kings' orders and worries about collecting firewood, so they could not establish a dynasty. Now that I have recovered from my illness, I am ready to establish a dynasty. I don't know if I can do it?"
He sent several people to the road and said, : "You will never return, but you will be built in the dynasty!"
As a last resort, Jingchou's family stayed in Yan.
Jingzi said: "Internally, father and son, externally, monarch and ministers, this is the great ethics of human beings. Father and son are responsible for kindness, monarch and ministers are responsible for respect. We should respect the king when we see him ugly, but we should respect the king if we don't see him."
said: "Evil! What is this? If the people of Qi fail to speak to the king with benevolence and righteousness, how can they think that benevolence and righteousness are not beautiful? He said in his heart, "How can I speak of benevolence and righteousness?" This is not the most disrespectful thing. I dare to present it before the king, so no one in Qi can respect the king as much as I do."
Jingzi said: "No, that's not what it means. Li said, "When the father calls, there is no promise; when the king calls, he will not wait for you." Gujiang. In the court, if you hear the king's order but it doesn't work, it is better to be different from your husband. "
said: "How can it be said that it is right? Zengzi said: "The wealth of Jin and Chu is unreachable; they use their wealth, and I use it as my own." Benevolence; I regard my righteousness as my own, so why should I be unrighteous? This is what Zeng Zi said. There are three respects in the world: one in rank, one in virtue, and one in virtue. Sir, there is nothing better than teeth in a rural party, and nothing better than virtue in serving the people. Is there anything evil that can be neglected by others? Therefore, if you are going to be a great leader, you must have some ministers that you do not want to call. His respect for virtue and his Taoism are not as good as this, and they are not enough to achieve anything. Therefore, when Tang was with Yi Yin, he learned a lot and became a subordinate, so he became a king without working. Tyrant. Today, the ugly and virtuous Qi people can't respect each other. They are good at what they are taught, but they are not good at what they are taught. Duke Huan dare not summon Guan Zhong. "You can't summon him, how about he not being Guan Zhong?"
Chen Zhen asked: "The day before yesterday in Qi, the king gave me a hundred gold coins, but he didn't accept it; in Song Dynasty, he gave me seventy yi, and he received five; in Xue, he gave me five If you don't accept it the day before, then you will receive it today; if you receive it today, you will receive it today. Master, this is the same."
Mencius said: "It's all true. In the Song Dynasty, if you are going to travel far, you must give it to me. The saying goes: "Feeding me the gift." Why should I not accept it? When I am in Xue, I have to be cautious. The saying goes: "I heard the warning, so I gave it to the soldiers." "Why don't you accept it? If you don't have a place to give it, how can a gentleman take it?"
Mencius said: "If your halberd-wielding men fall out of service three times in one day, should they be dismissed?"
said: "Don't wait for three.
"However, there are also many people who have lost their troops. In the bad years and the hungry years, the people of Zi have turned to the ravines, and the strong ones have scattered in the four directions. Thousands of them."
said: "This is not alienation from the heart." "What you get is what you get."
said: "Nowadays, if someone accepts someone's cattle and sheep to graze for them, they must seek grazing and grazing for them. If they fail to get grazing and grazing, then they will do the opposite to the other people?" And regard him as dead?"
said: "This is the crime of alienation from the heart."
The next day, I saw the king and said: "The king is the capital, and I know the five people. Those who know the crime are only guilty of alienation from the heart. "Recite it for the king."
The king said: "This is the sin of the few."
Mencius said to the frog: "It seems that the Master's speech to Lingqiu to invite the judges is something that can be said. It has been several months now, and I have not been able to say anything. ? "
The frog gave advice to the king but did not use it, so he left as a minister.
The people of Qi said: "So if you are a frog, you are good; if you do it yourself, I don't know."
Gong Duzi told him.
said: "I have heard that if there is an official to guard, if you can't do it, you will leave; if there is someone to blame, if you can't do it, then leave. I have no official to guard, and I have no words to blame, then I advance and retreat, isn't it ridiculous? Do you have any spare time?"
Mencius was the minister of Qi, and he went to Teng. The king sent Gai Dafu Wang Huan to assist him. Wang Huan met in the morning and evening, and he did not speak or act with him on the road of opposing Qi and Teng.
Gongsun Chou said: "The position of Qi Qing is not small; the road between Qi and Teng is not close. On the contrary, if you don't talk about it and do it, why?"
said: "Since I can rule it, what can I say?" 》
Mencius was buried in Qi in Lu, rebelled against Qi, and ended in Ying.
Chong Yu asked, "I didn't know that Yu was unkind the day before yesterday, so I asked Yu to be a craftsman. I was strict, and Yu didn't dare to invite me. Now I would like to steal the invitation: the wood is beautiful."
said: "The ancient coffins were not generous, but the middle-aged coffins were seven. Cun, coffin is called it. Since the emperor reached the common people, it was not just for the appreciation of beauty, and then it could not be enjoyed by people. If there is no wealth, it cannot be enjoyed by others. People in ancient times used it. , Why should I be alone? Besides, I am not alone in my heart because I have nothing to do with my own skin. I heard that a gentleman does not care about his relatives in the world."
Shen Tong asked him privately: "Yan Kefa. "With?"
Mencius said: "Yes; Zikuai cannot be married to others, and the child cannot be swallowed by Zikuai. If there is an official here, and the child likes it, he will not tell the king but privately give it to my son's salary and title; a gentleman Also, if there is no king's order, how can it be different from that of the son? "
The people of Qi attacked Yan.
Some people asked: "Is there anyone who advises Qi to attack Yan?"
said: "We are not yet. Shen Tong asked, "Can Yan attack Yan?", I answered, "Yes", and he went on to attack Yan. He said: " "Who can kill him?" The general will answer him, "If he is an official from heaven, he can kill him." If someone asks someone, "Who can kill him?" he will answer the question, "Yes." If he asks, "Who can kill him?" The general will say, "If you are a scholar, you can kill him." Why should I persuade Yan to attack Yan? The king said: "I am very ashamed of Mencius."
Chen Jia said: "The king is not in trouble. Who do you think he is benevolent and wise with Zhou Gong?"
The king said: "Evil! What are you talking about!"
said : "The Duke of Zhou sent Uncle Guan to supervise Yin, and Uncle Guan was on the bank of Yin. To do it after knowing it is unkind; to do it without knowing it is unwise. If the Duke of Zhou has not exhausted his benevolence and wisdom, how can it be worse than the king? Jia Please see and understand."
met Mencius and asked, "Who is Zhou Gong?"
said: "He is also an ancient sage."
said: "Guan Shu is responsible for overseeing Yin, and Guan Shu is on the bank of Yin. How many of them are there?"
Said: "Of course."
said: "Duke Zhou knew that the general was on his side and ordered him to fight with him?"
said: "I don't know."
"But did the sage have any faults?"
said: "Duke Zhou was his younger brother; Uncle Guan , Brother. Isn’t it appropriate for the gentlemen of ancient times to correct their faults? The gentlemen of today should comply with their faults. The faults of the ancient gentlemen are like the eclipses of the sun and the moon. "And the people all respect him. How can the gentleman of today just obey him and follow his words?"
Mencius returned as a minister. The king went to see Mencius and said, "I wanted to see you the day before yesterday but was unable to do so. I am very happy to be able to serve you in the same court. Now you have left me alone and returned. I don't know if I can continue to see you?"
He said to him, "I dare not invite you to listen." , solid as one wishes."The next day, the king said to Shizi: "I want China to grant Mencius a royal family, and to raise disciples with thousands of bells, so that all the great officials and people in the country will have a dignified manner. Ziyun has spoken to me!"
Shizi came to China because of Chenzi. To sue Mencius, Chen Zi sued Mencius with the words of Shizi.
Mencius said: "However, when you are evil, you know that you can't do it? If you want to be rich, and you accept ten thousand in exchange for one hundred thousand, is it because you want to be rich? Ji Sun said: "It's strange, my uncle is suspicious! If you make yourself a ruler, If you don't use it, that's it, and you can make your children become ministers. Who doesn't want to be rich and noble? But in the midst of wealth and honor, there is a private dragon. "In ancient times, it was a city, and those who used their possessions to exchange what they had had nothing to do with it. If there is a cheap husband, he will climb up and look around. Everyone thinks he is cheap, so he will conquer the business."
Mencius went to Qi. Stay in the daytime. Those who wish to stay for the king should sit down and say no, but lie down in hiding.
The guest was displeased and said, "Disciples stayed together and then dared to speak. Master lay down and refused to listen. Please don't dare to see me again."
said, "Sit down! I understand the language. In the past, there was no one like Duke Mu of Lu. Zisi thought If there is no one on the side of Miao Gong, he will not be safe. If the son is concerned about the elders, he will not be as good as the elders. Is the elder the child? ?"
Mencius went to Qi. Yin Shi spoke to the people and said: "If you don't know the king, you can't be Tang Wu. That's because you don't understand. If you know the king, you can't, but when you arrive, it's dry land. You can see the king thousands of miles away, but you don't meet him, and you stay three nights and then go out in the day. How can you be so wet and stagnant?" "Huh? I'm not happy about this," Gao Zi said.
said: "Is it true that my husband knows me badly? Seeing the king thousands of miles away is what I want. How can I do what I want if I don't meet him? I have no choice. After spending three nights and leaving the day, I feel like I am hastening. The king If the king changes the situation, he will do it in return. If the king does not follow him, he will return to his hometown. If you give me advice, how can you bring peace to the people and bring peace to the people of the world? How can I be like this? If you don’t accept your advice, you will be angry and angry. How can I stay here after I have exhausted my strength?"
Yin Shi heard this and said, "You are a sincere man."
Mencius went to Qi and went to Yu Road and asked, "Master, what if you are not hesitant? The day before yesterday, Yu heard the masters say: " A gentleman does not complain about heaven or others. ""
said: "That time, this time. In five hundred years, there will be a king, and there will be a famous person in the world. From the Zhou Dynasty, there are more than seven hundred years. If you think about it, it is enough; if you examine it at the time, it will be enough. God does not want to rule the world in peace. If he wants to rule the world in peace, who else can I do?"
Mencius goes. Qi, Juxiu. Gongsun Chou asked: "Is it the ancient way to be an official without receiving salary?"
said: "No. When I saw the king in Chong, I retreated with the intention of leaving and did not want to change, so I did not accept it. Then there was I cannot ask for orders from my master. It is not my ambition to stay with Qi for a long time."
"Mencius" Chapter 05 Teng Wengong enters
Teng Wengong was the prince, and he passed through the Song Dynasty to see Mencius. Mencius' Taoism was good, and his words must be praised as Yao and Shun. The prince rebelled from Chu and saw Mencius again. Mencius said: "Your Majesty, do you doubt my words? The husband's way is just one thing. Cheng Gui said to Qi Jinggong: "He is your husband; I am your husband; why should I be afraid of him?" Yan Yuan said: "Who is Shun? I, Who is it? The same is true for those who are promising. "Gong Mingyi said: "King Wen is my master. How can Duke Zhou deceive me?" Today's Teng has its strengths and weaknesses, and it can still be a good country. If the medicine does not cure the dizziness, the disease will not heal.""
Teng Dinggong passed away, and the prince said to Ranyou: "In the past, Mencius once told me in the Song Dynasty, and I will never forget it. Now it is unfortunate that it has become a serious problem. I want to make it happen." Zi asked Mencius, and then acted.
Mencius said: "Isn't that good! When a relative is bereft, one must commit suicide. Zengzi said: "When you are alive, do things with propriety; when you die, be buried with propriety and offer sacrifices with propriety. This can be called filial piety." The etiquette of the princes, I have not yet learned it; although, I have heard about it. After three years of mourning, Qi Shu was served and the food of porridge was shared by the common people for three generations. Years of mourning. Father, brother, and all officials do not want to do this, so he said: "My ancestor Lu did not do this, and my ancestors also did not do it. As for the son's body, it is not allowed to do the opposite." He also said: "Funeral sacrifices should be from the ancestors."’ He said, ‘I have received it. ""
He said to Ran You: "I have no knowledge in the future, and I like to ride horses and test swords. Today, my father, brother, and hundreds of officials are not enough for me, and I am afraid that they will not be able to accomplish great things. I asked Mencius for me!"
Ran You replied. Zou asked Mencius.
Mencius said: "Of course; he cannot ask for it. Confucius said: "When you die, listen to the tomb master, eat the porridge, face is dark, and cry when you take the throne. When hundreds of officials have ministers, no one dares not to mourn, and to be the first to do so." 1 There must be something good below. The virtue of a gentleman is like the wind; the virtue of a villain is like the wind on the grass.”
The prince said: "Of course; it is true that I am sincere."
I lived in a house in May, and there were no orders or precepts. People from the Baiguan clan are called Zhi. When it comes to the burial, people from all over the world come to see it. They feel sad, weeping and mourning, and those who hang it are overjoyed.
Teng Wengong asked about the country.
Mencius said: "Civil affairs cannot be postponed. "Poetry" says: "You spend the day on the grass, and you spend the night on the grass; if you need a house, you will sow a hundred grains." The people are the way, and those who have constant property have perseverance. Those who have no permanent property have no perseverance. If they indulge in eccentricity and extravagance, they will be punished. How can a benevolent person ignore the people? The king must be respectful, frugal and courteous, and take advantage of the people's control. Yang Hu said: "It is not benevolent to be rich, and it is not rich to be benevolent."
"The Xia Hou family paid tribute at fifty, the Yin people helped at seventy, and the Zhou people gave them a hundred acres. , In fact, they are all the same. The one who is thorough is the one who is helping; the one who is helping is borrowing. "Longzi said: "No one is good at helping, and no one is good at paying tribute." Those who pay tribute will be happy for a few years. Rice wolves are ruthless, and if they take more without being cruel, they will take less; in a bad year, if the fields are not enough, they will have to take more than they can to feed the people. His parents, also known as "loans", make the old and young go into the ditch. What's wrong with them is that they are parents of the people? Zhu means public land. From this point of view, even Zhou also helps.
"It is set up as a Xiangxu school to teach. Xiang means nourishment; school means teaching; Xia means school, and Yin means Xu. Zhou is called Xiang; the three generations of learning share this principle, and they all understand human relations. Human relations are clear at the top, and the people at the bottom are close to each other. When a king rises, he must come to learn the law.
"The Poetry" says: "Zhou". Although it is an old country, its destiny is new. "King Wen said that if you try hard, you will also build a new country!"
Mencius said: "The prince of the son will carry out benevolent government. He will choose and entrust his son, and the son will encourage him! The benevolent government must start from the economic realm. If the economic realm is not straight, the wells and ground are not smooth, and the valleys and valleys are uneven, so the tyrant will be corrupt and the officials will be corrupted." If the Jingjie is straight, the land distribution system and salary can be determined by sitting down.
"Fu Teng, the soil is small, it will be treated by a gentleman, but it will be treated by a barbarian. If there is no gentleman, don't control the barbarians; if there are no barbarians, don't do it." To raise a gentleman, please help me from the field, and the tithe of the country will be given to you. I will have fifty acres of land. If you die, you will not be able to leave your hometown. If we are friends, we will help each other and support each other in sickness, then the people will be harmonious. There are nine hundred acres of wells in the square, and eight families will own one hundred acres of public land, and they will raise the public land together. After the public affairs are completed, they will not dare to deal with private affairs, so they are not like wild people. Yes. This is a rough idea; if you can nourish it, it will be up to you and your son."
Someone who was a speaker of Shen Nong Xu Xing came from Teng of Chu and told Duke Wen: "People from far away heard about your behavior. Benevolent government, willing to accept a small amount of money and become a gangster."
The place given by Duke Wen.
There were dozens of people among them, all dressed in brown. They tied up clothes and made mats for food.
Chen Liang's disciples Chen Xiang and his younger brother Xin came from Teng in the Song Dynasty and said: "I heard that you are practicing the government of a saint. You are also a saint, and I wish to be a saint."
Chen Xiang saw Xu Xing and was very happy. Abandon his studies and learn from them.
When Chen Xiang met Mencius, he said to Xu Xing: "The Lord of Teng is a sincere and virtuous monarch, although he has not heard of the Tao. A wise man cultivates and eats with the people, and governs the country. Now there are warehouses and treasuries in Teng, so Is it true that the people must be strict and self-sustaining, and evil can lead to virtuous people?"
Mencius said: "Does Xuzi have to plant millet and then eat it?"
said: "Yes."
"Does Xuzi have to weave cloth and then make clothes?"
said: "No! Xu Zi's clothes are brown."
"Xu Ziguan?"
said: "Guan."
said: "Xi Guan?"
said: "Guan Su.
said: "Self-weaving?"
said: "No, use millet to change it."
said: "Xu Zixi did not weave by himself?"
said: "It is harmful to farming."
said: "Xu Ziyi Do you use iron to plow the cauldron and steamer?"
said: "Of course."
"Do it for yourself?"
said: "No! Use millet to change it."
"Those who use millet to change tools are not used to cultivate them; to cultivate them. How can he be a good farmer if he uses his tools to make grains? Why don't you just keep them in your palace and use them? Why do you have to worry about them? Said: "It is true that the work of hundreds of labors cannot be cultivated and done."
"But how to govern the world only by cultivating and doing it? There are things for adults and there are things for small people. And one person's body can be prepared for hundreds of labors. , if you must do it yourself and then use it, you will lead the world. Therefore, it is said that you may work hard or work hard; those who work hard govern people, and those who work hard govern others; those who govern people eat people, and those who govern others eat people. The universal meaning of the world.
"During the time of Yao, the world was still not at peace. Floods were flowing across the world. The vegetation was luxuriant, the animals were multiplying, the crops were not harvested, the animals were overpowering the people, and the tracks of the hooves of animals and birds were handed over to China. Yao was alone in worrying about it, and he raised Shun to control Yan. Shun sent Yi to control the fire, which burned the mountains and rivers, and the animals fled. At that time, China could gain food from the river. At that time, Yu had been away for eight years and had not entered the gate three times. Although he wanted to cultivate the land, how could he get it? If the grain is ripe and the people are well educated, if a person has enough food, warm clothes, and a comfortable home without education, then he is like an animal. The sage has to be a disciple and teach human relations. Husband and wife are different, elders and younger ones are different, and friends are trustworthy. Fang Xun said: "If you work hard, you can straighten it, and you can support it with wings, so that you can be self-sufficient, and then you can improve your virtue." This is how the sage cares about the people. Do you have time to farm?
"Yao was worried about not being able to get Shun, and Shun was worried about not being able to get Yu and Gao Tao. He who worries about having a hundred acres of land is a farmer. Divide people with wealth, and teach others how to do it." Goodness is called loyalty, and it is called benevolence to win people from the world. Therefore, it is easy to win people from the world, and it is difficult to win people from the world. Confucius said: "It is great that Yao is the king!" The people are incompetent! How great is Shun? How could Yao and Shun rule the world without using it for farming? It is said that Chen Liang, a native of Chu, learned from the north of China and was the brother of the so-called heroes. After a few decades, the master died and it was doubled! In the past, Confucius died. Three years later, the disciples came back and bowed to Zigong. Chang lived alone for three years and then returned. Later, Zixia, Zizhang and Ziyou thought that you were like a saint and wanted to do what Confucius did and force Zengzi. Zengzi said: "No, it's impossible to wash it with water in the rivers and Han Dynasties, and it's violent in the autumn sun. It's so bright that it can't be saved." ’ Nowadays, the barbarian people in the south are not following the way of the previous kings. They learned it from Zi Bei Zi’s teacher, and they are also different from Zeng Zi. I have heard of people who came out of the deep valley and moved to the trees, but I have not heard of people who came down from the trees and entered the deep valley. "Song of Lu" says: "Rong Di is a traitor, Jing Shu is a punishment." "The Duke of Zhou just imitated it, and the disciples learned this and were not good at changing." "
"Follow the teachings of Xu Zi, then there will be no dupes in the market, and there will be no falsehood in the country. Even if a five-foot-old child is suitable for the market, no child will be deceived. If the length of cloth is the same, the jia will be similar; If the number and number are the same, then the Jia will be similar; if the size is the same, the Jia will be similar."
said: "The unevenness of things is due to the emotions of things; they may be as many as one, or as many as a hundred, or as many as tens of thousands. When compared, they are the same. This is chaos in the world. How can people do this if they follow the way of Xu Zi and lead the country?"
Mo Zhi asked to see Mencius because of Xu Pi. Mencius said: "I really want to see him. I am still ill now. I have recovered from my illness. I will go to see you soon. The barbarians will not come!"
The next day, he asked to see Mencius again. Mencius said: "Now I can see it. If it is not straight, the way will not be seen; I will make it straight."I have heard from Yizi Mo that Mo’s way of managing funerals is to be thin. Yizi thinks that he can change the world, so how can he think that it is not right and not noble? also. "
Xu Zi sued Yi Zi.
Yizi said: "In the way of Confucianism, if people in ancient times protected their innocent children, what does this mean? They thought that love is without distinction, and charity begins with one's own."
Xu Zi told Mencius.
Mencius said: "Hu Yizi believes that a man kissing his brother's son is like kissing his neighbor's innocent son? He has to take it. It is not the crime of an innocent son to crawl into a well. Moreover, the creatures of heaven make them One book, and two books for Yizi. In the past, there were people who did not bury their relatives. If their relatives died, they would be left to the dead. In the future, foxes will eat them and flies and gnats will eat them. If you look at someone with a stern look, you will not look at them. It is not a person's narcissism. The center reaches the face and covers it up. This is how a filial son and a benevolent man hide his relatives. "Excuse me."
Xu Zi sued Yi Zi. Yi Zi was stunned and said: "It's fate."
"Mencius" Chapter 06Teng Wengong's next
Chen Dai said: "If you don't see the princes, it's better to be small. When you see them now, the big ones are kings, and the small ones are. Then he will dominate. Qi Zhi said: "Looking for it in vain", it is appropriate to do it. "
Mencius said: "In the past, when Qi Jinggongtian was recruiting Yu people, they would kill them if they didn't arrive with a signal. People with lofty ideals should not forget to stay in the gully. , A warrior never forgets to lose his strength. What is Confucius saying about taking advantage of others and not waiting for them? Looking for a straight edge, how can I give it to him? In the past, Wang Liang and Xi Xi rode with each other, but Xi Xi rebelled and said, "You are the lowest worker in the world." Maybe he told Wang Liang. Liang said: "Please come back." If you are strong, you can get ten birds. Xiuxi said: "You are the best in the world." Jianzi said: "I will give you a hand." Good. Good is not good, he said: "I will not catch one for the whole day, but I will catch ten in one day." The poem goes: "Don't lose your speed. The arrow is like a broken one." Riding with a villain, please leave. "The charioteer is ashamed to compete with the archer. If you compete with him, you will catch animals. Even though they are like hills, it is impossible to do so." If you follow the other way in vain, why? Moreover, the son has gone too far; he who has failed himself has not been able to straighten others.
Jingchun said: "Aren't Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi not honest and virtuous men? When they are angry, the princes are afraid, and when they live in peace, the world is destroyed."
Mencius said: "How can I be a virtuous man? Have you not learned etiquette? Husband?" When a woman is given a crown, her father orders her; when a woman is married, her mother orders her, and she goes to the door where she is sent away, and warns her: "When you go to your daughter's house, you must respect her and do not disobey your master." A concubine is a righteous woman who is obedient! The way is to live widely in the world, establish the right position in the world, and follow the great road of the world; if you have the ambition, you can follow the people; if you don't have the ambition, you can't be licentious, you can't be poor or humble, and you can't bend the power. "A real man."
Zhou Xiao asked: "Are the gentlemen in ancient times official?"
Mencius said: "Official. It is said: "Confucius has no king for three months, and the emperor will be like this, and he will carry his property when he goes out of the country." Gong Mingyi said: "In ancient times, "If a man has no king for three months, he will be mourned."
"If a man has no king for three months, he will be mourned. Isn't that impatient?"
said: "The loss of a scholar's position is like the loss of a country by a prince." Li said: "The princes will help you in farming." To offer rice, the wife reeled in silkworms and thought of clothes. The sacrifice was not successful, the rice was not prepared, and the clothes were not prepared, so I did not dare to sacrifice. Dare to offer sacrifices, but dare not offer banquets, it is not enough to mourn?"
"When you go out from the frontier, you must carry your property, why?"
said: "The official role of a scholar is like the work of a farmer; how can a farmer give up his grass just to go out from the frontier? "What?"
said: "The Jin State is also an official, and I have never heard of such an urgent need to be an official. Why is it so difficult for a gentleman to be an official?" He said: "The husband is born and wants to have a wife for him. Everyone is willing to have a family for their parents. They don’t wait for their parents’ orders or the matchmaker’s words. They peek into each other through holes and follow each other across the wall. This is what people in ancient times did not want to be official. Also, evil does not follow its path. Those who do not follow its path are like drilling into holes and gaps.
Peng Geng asked: "There are dozens of chariots behind, and hundreds of people accompanying them. They are passing food to the princes. Isn't it appropriate?"
Mencius said: "If this is not the way, then a basket of food cannot be received from others; If Shun accepted the rule of Yao, he would not consider it peaceful, but Zi would think it peaceful."
said: "No, it is impossible for a scholar to eat when he has nothing to do."
said: "Zi does not know how to do things easily, and he can make up for his deficiencies with envy. , then the farmers will have surplus millet, and the women will have surplus cloth; if the son is clear, then the master, craftsman, and carriage will all have food for the son. If there is a person here, he will be filial when he comes in, and he will be fraternal when he comes out. He will abide by the way of the previous king, and wait for the future. A scholar cannot feed his son; how can he respect Zi Jian Lun Yu and despise benevolence and righteousness?"
said: "Zi Jian Lun Yu's ambition is to seek food; a gentleman's Tao is also to seek food. "Eating?"
said: "Why is the son so determined? It has merits for the son, so he can eat it. And the son's ambition to eat? What is his ambition to eat?"
said: "The ambition to eat."
said: " Someone here destroyed the tiles and paintings, and his intention was to seek food, so he would eat it?"
said: "No."
said: "But it is not the intention of eating, but the power of eating."
万 chapter He asked: "The Song Dynasty is a small country. Now it will be a royal government, and Qi and Chu are attacking them."
Mencius said: "Tang lived in Bo, and was adjacent to Ge Bo. He asked, "Why don't you sacrifice it?" He said, "There is no way to sacrifice it." Ge Bo ate it, but he didn't sacrifice it. "Sacrifice?" He said: "There is no rice to offer." Tang sent the people to plow the land and feed the old and the weak. Ge Bo led his people to seize those who had wine and rice, and killed those who did not. There was a boy who was killed for the price of millet meat. The "Book" said: "Ge Bo Qiu paid him." "Every man and every woman takes revenge." "Tang started his campaign from Ge Zai," and after eleven campaigns, he was invincible in the world. When he marched to the east, the barbarians in the west resented him; when he marched in the south, the barbarians in the north complained, "What are you doing to me?" Looking forward to it is like waiting for rain in a severe drought. Those who return to the market will not stop, and they will punish their king and mourn their people. The people will be happy when the rain comes. "Punishment!" "You are not a minister. During the Eastern Expedition, Suijue's scholar and daughter, Zhuojue Xuanhuang, invited me to see the King of Zhou, but Weichen was attached to Dayi Zhou." People eat pots of slurry to welcome their villains; to save the people from water and fire, they only take what is left. "Tai Shi" says: "My military strength is high, and when I invade the territory, I take what is left, and use Zhang to kill, and there is light in the soup." "If you don't carry out the royal government, everyone in the world will look up to you and want to be the king. Although Qi and Chu are great, why should they be afraid?"
Mencius said to Dai Busheng: "I want the kindness of the king of my son?" Tell me clearly, if there is a Chu official here, if you want his son to teach you, let the people of Qi teach him?"
said: "Let the people of Qi teach him." Therefore, all the people of Chu screamed at it, and even if they tried to beat it every day, they would not be able to get it. They led it and placed it between Zhuangyue for several years. The Master called Xue Juzhou a good scholar and made him live in the king's residence. Those who belong to the king, whether old, young or humble, are all in Xue Juzhou. Who can do anything bad to the king? In the king's place, the elders, the young and the humble are all not Xue Juzhou. Who can do good to the king? How can Xue Juzhou alone be as good as the king of Song Dynasty? "
Gongsun Chou asked: "What's the point of not seeing the princes?"
Mencius said: "In ancient times, I didn't see the princes if I didn't serve them. I would avoid them if they crossed the wall, and I would not accept the willows if I closed the door. This is all too much; forced, You can see that Yang Huo wanted to see Confucius but was rude. If the official gave a gift to a scholar and was not allowed to accept it, he would go to his door and pay homage to him. When he died, he went to pay homage to him. How could he not see Yang Huo first? Zengzi said, "He is smiling with flattery, and he is sick in Xia Qi." It is not known from this. "From this perspective, you can see that the gentleman has been raised."
Dai Yingzhi said: "Shiyi, I am unable to go to Guanshi. Please take it lightly." Wait until next year, then what will happen? "
Mencius said: "Nowadays, if someone is robbing his neighbor's chicken, he may say to him, "This is not the way of a gentleman." Next year, and then already.』If you know that it is unjust, it is already over now, how can you wait for the next year?
Gongduzi said: "Outsiders all say that Master is good at arguing. Why do you dare to ask?"
Mencius said: "How can I be good at arguing? I have no choice but to do it. The world has been in existence for a long time, and every time it is brought to order, there is chaos. It is Yao's time. At that time, the water flowed backward and overflowed across China, where snakes and dragons lived, and the people were at a loss. To control it, Yu dug the earth and poured it into the sea, driving away the snakes and dragons and releasing the water. The rivers, Huaihe Rivers, and Han Dynasties were all flowing through the earth. The dangers and obstacles were far away, and the harm caused by the birds and beasts was eliminated, and then people were able to level the land.
"After the death of Yao and Shun, the way of the saints declined, and tyrants took over. The ruined palaces became filthy ponds, and the people had no rest. The fields were abandoned and turned into garden enclosures, so that the people had no food and clothing. Heresy and atrocities were committed again, and garden enclosures and filthy ponds were used. There were many beasts in Pei Ze, and the country was in great chaos. King Wu of Zhou attacked Zhou in the third year of his death, and drove Fei Lian to the corner of the sea to kill him. He destroyed the country by fifty, and drove out tigers, leopards, The rhinoceros and the elephant are far away, and the world is very happy. The book says: "Pi is showing, King Wen is the king! King Wu is the king of Pi! May your descendants be honest and upright." There are works, there are ministers who kill their kings, there are sons who kill their fathers. Confucius was afraid, and wrote "Spring and Autumn", "Spring and Autumn", it is also the matter of the emperor; therefore Confucius said: "The only one who knows me is "Chun and Qiu". Huh! The only one who has sinned against me is "Spring and Autumn"! 』
"The holy kings did not do anything, the princes were free, and the scholars were debating. The words of Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai filled the world. If the words of the world do not belong to Yang, then they belong to Mo. The Yang family is mine, There is no king; Mo's universal love is without a father. Without a father and a king, there is a beast. Gong Mingyi said: "There are fat meat in the kitchen, fat horses in the stables; the people are hungry, and there are hungry cats in the wild. This is the result." Beasts can eat people. "Yang Mo's way is not consistent, but Confucius' way is false. It is filled with benevolence and righteousness. If benevolence and righteousness are filled up, then the beasts will eat people, and people will eat each other. I am afraid of this, and I will follow the sage's way." , Ju Yang Mo, those who indulge in obscene speech are not allowed to do it. If they do it in their hearts, they will do harm to their affairs; But the world is peaceful, the Duke of Zhou and the barbarians are driving away the ferocious beasts and the people are at peace. Confucius has become the "Spring and Autumn" and the rebellious ministers and traitors are afraid. Sir, this is what the Duke of Zhou has done. I also want to rectify people's hearts and put an end to evil talk, so as to inherit the three saints. Is it easy to argue? Those who can talk about Yang Mo are also disciples of saints. "
Kuang Zhang said: "Chen ZhongziIsn't he an honest man? He lived in the mausoleum without eating for three days, and his ears could not hear and his eyes could not see. There were plums in the well, and more than half of them had eaten. They crawled over and went there. Eat it; swallow it three times, and then you can hear it with your ears and see it with your eyes."
Mencius said: "Among the scholars of the Qi State, I must regard Zhongzi as a great master. Although Zhongzi is evil and can he be honest? That's right. The earthworms eat the soil and drink from the yellow spring. Did Bo Yi build the house where Zhongzi lived? Did he also steal the millet that Bo Yi built? Where is the plant? It is unknown.
said: "What's the harm? His body is weaved, and his wife is wearing clothes, so it's easy to change it."
said: "Zhongzi, he is from a noble family in Qi. Brother Dai is blessed with thousands of bells, and his salary is not enough." To live in your brother's house without eating it is to treat your brother's house as an unjust house. He left his mother and lived in the mausoleum. When he returned one day, there was a man who gave his brother a goose. Ji Qiye said: "What's the use of this goose?" One day, his mother killed the goose and ate it. If he doesn't eat, he will eat his wife; he will not live in his brother's house, but he will live in his mausoleum. Is this still considered worthy of his kind? Mencius" Chapter 07 Li Lou on
Mencius said: "The wisdom of Li Lou and the cleverness of Gongshu Zi are not based on rules and cannot form a square circle; the wisdom of Shi Kuang is not based on the six laws and cannot correct the five tones; the way of Yao and Shun is not based on benevolent government. , It is impossible to govern the world peacefully. If there is a benevolent heart and benevolent people but the people are not benefited by it, and they cannot follow the laws of future generations, they cannot practice the way of the previous kings. Therefore, it is said: Only good deeds are not enough to govern, and "Poetry" says, "Don't be guilty, don't forget, follow the old rules." Those who follow the laws of the previous kings have never existed.The sage exhausted his vision and power, and then followed the rules and guidelines, thinking that the square and the circle were straight and incompetent. After exhausting the ears and power, the six rhythms and five tones are followed, which cannot be used effectively; after the mind is exhausted, the government is followed by intolerance, and benevolence overwhelms the world. Therefore, it is said that what is high must be based on hills, what is low must be based on rivers and swamps, and how to govern is not based on the way of the previous kings. Is this wise? Therefore, those who are benevolent should be in high positions. Being unkind and holding a high position is spreading evil to others. There is no way to obey the law above, and there is no way to keep it below. The government does not believe in the way, and the workers do not believe in justice. Gentlemen commit righteousness, and villains commit punishment. The country is lucky to survive. Therefore, it is said that if the city is not completed and there are not many soldiers and armors, it is not a disaster for the country; if the fields are not developed and the goods and wealth are not gathered, it is not a disaster for the country. There is no etiquette at the top and no learning at the bottom. The thieves are prosperous and the people are in mourning. "Poetry" says: "The sky is in a state of collapse." Nothing to vent. ” Xie Xie is still a big mess. Those who serve the king without justice, advance and retreat without courtesy, and speak in a way that is not the way of the ancestors of the kings, are still stammering. Therefore, it is said that if I blame you for calling me respectful, if Chen Shan shuts things down and calls me respectful, I, the king, cannot call me a thief. "
Mencius said: "Rule, the square and the circle are the best; sage, human ethics is the best. If you want to be a king, you must do the king's way; if you want to be a minister, you must do the minister's way. Both of them are just like Yao and Shun. Don't do things like Shun. Those who serve the emperor as Yao do not respect the emperor; those who do not govern the people as Yao did do so are those who harm the people. Confucius said: "The two principles are benevolence and unbenevolence." What's more, the body is in danger and the country is weakened, and the name is "You" and "Li". Although he is a filial son and a loving grandson, he cannot change it for a hundred generations. . ”
Mencius said: “Three dynasties gained the world with benevolence, and lost the world with unkindness. The same is true for the reason why the country was destroyed, prospered, and perished. The emperor was unkind and did not protect the world; the princes were unkind and did not protect the country; the ministers and officials were unkind and did not protect the country. Ancestral Temple: The common people are not benevolent and do not protect their four bodies. Today, if you hate death but enjoy it without being benevolent, it is like being drunk and strong with wine. "
Mencius said: "Loving others without being close to them is contrary to benevolence; not treating others well is contrary to wisdom; etiquette. If people don't answer, those who fail to respect and behave will seek others from themselves, and the world will return to them if they are upright. "Poetry" says: "Always say that you are destined to seek more blessings."
Mencius said: "People have permanence." They all say, "The foundation of the world is the country, the foundation of the country is at home, and the foundation of the family is in the body."
Mencius said: "It is not difficult to govern, and you should not offend a wealthy family. What you admire about a wealthy family is one." The country admires it; what a country admires is admired by the world; therefore, moral education spreads all over the world. "
Mencius said: "If there is a way in the world, a small virtue will serve a great virtue, and a small virtuous will serve a great virtuous; if there is no way in the world, a small servant will serve. The weak and the strong are the two of them. Those who obey the heavens will survive, and those who go against the heavens will perish. Qi Jinggong said: "It is impossible to command and not obey the orders." A small country would be ashamed to receive an order from a big country. This is why a disciple would be ashamed to receive an order from his predecessor. It would be better to study under King Wen. If a big country takes five years and a small country takes seven years, he will be able to govern the world. "The grandson of Shang is extremely beautiful. God has ordered him to obey the Zhou Dynasty. The emperor of Yin has a sensitive skin and is naked in the capital." If you love benevolence, you will be invincible in the world. "If you want to be invincible in the world without benevolence, it is like holding on to heat and not taking care of yourself." "Who can hold on to heat and not take care of himself when he is gone?"
Mencius said: " How can we talk to those who are not benevolent? If we are willing to talk to those who are not benevolent, how can we save our country and ruin our family? "The water in Canglang is turbid, you can wash it with me." Confucius said, "Listen to me, if you wash the tassel with water, it's enough to wash it with water." Madam, you must insult yourself, and then others will insult you. It will destroy itself, and then others will destroy it; the country will destroy itself, and then others will destroy it. "Taijia" says: "If heaven does evil, you can still disobey it; if you do evil yourself, you will not live."
Mencius said: " When Jie and Zhou lost the world, they also lost their people; those who lost their people also lost their hearts. There is a way to win the world: if you win the people, you will win the world; if you win the people, there is a way: if you win the hearts, you will win the people. There is a way in his heart: "Gather with him what you want, and don't do to him what you want to do." The people's return to benevolence is like water flowing down and beasts running away. Therefore, those who drive fish in the deep are called otters; those who drive nobles in Cong are called partridges; those who drive people in Tang and Wu are Jie and Zhou. If there are benevolent kings in the world today, then all the princes will be driven away. Although you want to have no king, you have no choice but to do so.Those who desire to be king today are like those who have been sick for seven years and seek moxa for three years. If you are not an animal, you will never live in it. If you don't aspire to be benevolent, you will be worried about humiliation all your life, and you will fall into death. "Poetry" says: "How can he be a kind person? He will be humble and drowned." ” This is what is called. ”
Mencius said: “Those who abuse themselves cannot be talked to; those who abandon themselves cannot be talked about. If words are not etiquette and righteousness, it is called self-violation; if I cannot live in benevolence and righteousness, it is called self-abandonment. Benevolence is the nature of human beings. A safe house is also a right path for a person. It is a pity to live in a deserted house and not be able to follow the right path. "
Mencius said: "The road is near, but it is far away, and things are easy, but it is difficult. Everyone loves it. If one is close to one another, the world will be at peace."
Mencius said: "If you live in a lower position and don't get it from above, the people will not be able to get it. If you get it from above, you can't get it if you don't trust your friends. You can't get it from above. Trust your friends. If you have the Tao, you will not be pleased with your relatives, and you will not trust your friends. If you are sincere, you will be displeased with your relatives. If you are sincere, you will not be sincere. It is the way to think sincerely. It is the way to be sincere and not to move. If you are not sincere, there is no way to move."
Mencius said: "Bo Yi was living on the shore of Beihai, and he heard that King Wen was writing. , Xing said: "Yong Gui is here! I heard that Xibo is good at caring for the elderly." Taigong Pi Zhou lived on the shore of the East Sea. When he heard about King Wen's work, Xing said, "Yong Gui is here!" I heard that Xibo is good at caring for the elderly. When the great elder of the world returns, the father of the world returns. How can his son go? If the princes carry out the government of King Wen, he will rule the world within seven years."
Mencius said: "Qiuye is the governor of the Ji family. He can't change his virtue, so he gives him as much grain as the sun. Confucius said: "Qiuye is not my disciple. It's okay for a boy to beat the drum and attack." From this point of view, If you do not practice benevolent government and become rich, you will abandon Confucius. How about fighting for the land? If you fight for the land, you will kill people to fill the fields. If you fight for the city, you will kill people for the city. This so-called taking advantage of the land and eating human flesh is not a crime. Death. Therefore, those who are good at fighting will be punished, and those who join the feudal lords will be the second best. Those who live in grassland and take care of the land will be the second best. "
Mencius said: "There is no good thing in the eyes. The eyes cannot hide the evil. The heart is right. If the eyes are dull and the chest is not straight, then the eyes are dim. If you listen to his words and look at his eyes, how can he be thin? "
Mencius said: "Those who are respectful do not insult others, and those who are thrifty do not take away from others. Sir, are you afraid of being disrespectful and being respectful and thrifty? How can being respectful and frugal be used with a smile and a smile? "Chun Yu Kun asked: "Men and women are not intimate when giving and receiving."
Mencius said: "It is also a courtesy."
said: " If your sister-in-law drowns, do you give her a hand? "
said: "If your sister-in-law doesn't help you, you are like a jackal. It is a courtesy for a man to give and receive without being intimate; if your sister-in-law drowns, if you help her, it is a right."
said: "Today If you are drowning, why won't you help me? "
said: "If the world is drowning, help it with the way; if your sister-in-law is drowning, do you want to help the world with your hands?"
Gongsun Chou said: "A gentleman does not teach his children. , why? "
Mencius said: "If the power is not upright, the teacher must be righteous. If righteousness is not achieved, anger will follow. Anger will lead to rebellion. "Master taught me to be righteous, but Master did not come out of it." Righteousness. "This is when father and son are in conflict with each other, which is evil. In ancient times, the father and the son were not responsible for the good. If you are responsible for good things, you will leave, and if you leave, it will be unlucky. "
Mencius said: "What is the greatest thing? To serve one's relatives is the greatest; to protect one's body is the greatest. To serve one's relatives without losing one's body is the greatest. I have heard of those who can serve one's relatives without losing one's body; to serve one's relatives without losing one's body is the greatest. I haven't heard of him. Who doesn't care about relatives, which is the basis of affairs? Who doesn't care about one's body? If you ask if there is anything left, you will say, "Yes." Zeng Xi died, and Zeng Yuan raised Zeng Zi, and he will have wine and meat. . This is called nourishing one's mouth and body. If one is like Zengzi, it can be said that one is like Zengzi."
Mencius said: "People are not suitable, and politics is not enough. Only adults can do it. The king's heart is wrong. A king must be benevolent; a king must be righteous; a king must be upright. A country will be stable if it is a righteous king."
Mencius said: "There is a reputation for being unfaithful, and there is a reputation for seeking perfection."
Mencius said. : "When a man changes his words, there is no need to blame his ears."
Mencius said: "The trouble for a man is to be a teacher."
Le Zhengzi followed the same line as Zi Ao.
Le Zhengzi met Mencius.Mencius said: "Master, have you come to see me?"
said: "Why do you say this, sir?"
said: "How many days has it been since Master came?"
said: "In the past."
said: "In the past. "Isn't it appropriate for me to say this?"
said: "The residence has not yet been decided."
said: "I heard that the residence has been decided, and then I want to see the elders?"
said: "It is guilty."
Mencius said to Yue Zhengzi: "The son came from Zi'ao and only ate and sucked. I don't want him to learn the ancient way and feed himself."
Mencius said: "There are three kinds of unfilial piety, and having no descendants is the greatest. Shun Marrying without complaining means you have no heirs. A gentleman thinks that you should complain."
Mencius said: "The true meaning of benevolence is to serve one's relatives; the true meaning of righteousness is to follow one's elders; the true meaning of wisdom is to know that neither of these can be ignored. "The reality of etiquette is the two of them; the reality of happiness is the two of happiness and happiness. If happiness is born, it will be evil. If it is evil, it will be dissatisfied."
Mencius said: "The great joy of the world will return to oneself, and the joy of the world will return to oneself, which is like a straw, but Shun did it. If you don't want relatives, you can't be a man; if you don't obey relatives, you can't be a son. Shun did everything he could to serve relatives. The way is to look down upon him, and the world will be transformed, and the world will be determined by father and son. This is called great filial piety."
Chapter 08 of "Mencius" Li Louxia
Mencius said: "Shun was born in Zhufeng, moved to Fuxia, and died in Mingtiao, and he was a member of the Eastern Yi. King Wen was born in Qizhou and died in Biying, and he was a member of the Western Yi. The land is separated from each other, and there are more than a thousand miles; the world The prime minister has more than a thousand years of life. If he is determined to travel to China, he will be a saint first and then a saint. "
Zichan listens to the government of Zheng and helps people in Qinwei. Mencius said: "Hui does not know how to govern. In the eleventh month of the year, the barristers will be established; in the twelfth month, the public will be established, and the people will not be affected by illness. A gentleman is responsible for his administration, and he can guide others in his actions. How can he win over everyone and help them?" Therefore, it is not enough for a ruler to please everyone."
Mencius told King Xuan of Qi: "If the king treats his ministers like his hands and feet, then his ministers will regard him as his heart; Treat the king like a countryman; if the king treats his ministers like dirt, then the ministers will treat the king like a bandit."
The king said: "Etiquette, I have to obey the old king, how can I obey you like this?"
said: "Listen to your advice and words. , the blessings are given to the people; if you leave for a reason, you will lead them out of the territory and go there first; if you don't turn back after three years, you will take them back to the fields. This is called the three etiquettes. If so, you will be obeyed. Come on. Now I am a minister, but I don’t do what I say, and I don’t listen to my words. I don’t care about the people. If I leave for a reason, I will stick to it and stick to it. When I leave, I will collect it in the field. It is called enemy and enemy. How can one submit to enemy?"
Mencius said: "If you kill the people without guilt, then the officials can go; if you kill the people without guilt, the people can move away."
Mencius said: "Everyone is benevolent. "The king is righteous, and nothing is unjust."
Mencius said: "It is not polite and righteous, and you should not do it."
Mencius said: "If you can't raise your talents, you can't raise your talents. Therefore, people like to have virtuous fathers and brothers. . If you give up the middle and fail to hit the mark, you will not be able to give up the talent, and the virtuous and unworthy will be separated. "
Mencius said: "There are things that people do not do, and then they can do something."
Mencius said: "Speaking of people. If you are not good, what will happen in the future?"
Mencius said: "Zhong Ni is not too bad."
Mencius said: "Sir, words do not need to be believed, actions do not have results, only righteousness lies."
Mencius said: "Sir, He who does not lose his innocent heart."
Mencius said: "Keeping one's health is not a big deal, but dying can be a big deal."
Mencius said: "A gentleman learns deeply about the Tao, and wants to achieve it by himself. , then you will live in peace; if you live in peace, you will have deep qualifications; if you have deep qualifications, you will be able to find the right and left sides, so the gentleman wants to get what he wants."
Mencius said: "Educate yourself and explain it in detail, and I will explain it in reverse. "Covenant."
Mencius said: "No one can convince others by being kind; if you nourish people with kindness, you can conquer the world. There is no such thing as a king who is not convinced by the world."
Mencius said: " Words that are not true are ominous, and the ominous truth conceals the wise. Xu Zi said: "Zhongni urgently called the water, saying: "Water, water!" How can it be taken from water?"
Mencius said: "The source is wandering around, day and night, filling up the branches and then advancing, spreading to the four seas.If there is a nature, it is like this, so take it. Gou has no roots. The rains gather in July and August, and the ditches and ditches are full. If they dry up, they can stand and wait. Therefore, if a voice hears someone who has shown love, a gentleman will be ashamed of it.
Mencius said: "The reason why humans are different from beasts is that the common people have gone away, but the gentlemen have kept them. Shun understood common people, observed human relations, and acted based on benevolence and righteousness, but he did not practice benevolence and righteousness."
Mencius said: "Yu was evil. He is good at drinking wine and good at speaking. King Wen treats the people as if they are injured and does not care about the road. King Wu does not forget the distance and the three kings. If it does not match, look up and think about it day and night; if you are lucky enough to find it, sit down and wait for the day."
Mencius said: "The traces of the king faded and the "Poetry" died, and the "Poetry" died and then the "Spring and Autumn" was written. The "Cheng" of the Jin Dynasty. , Chu's "Mu Shou Piao", Lu's "Spring and Autumn", one; its affairs are Qi Huan and Jin Wen, and its writing is history. Confucius said: "The meaning is stolen by Qiu."
Mencius said: "A gentleman's benefit will be beheaded for five generations, and a villain's benefit will be beheaded for five generations. I am still a disciple of Confucius, but I am a private and virtuous person."
Mencius said: "You can take it, you can not take it, taking it hurts integrity; you can. With, you can do without, and with hurt benefits; you can die, you can not die, death hurts bravery."
I learned from Yi when I met him, and practiced Yi's way. I thought that Yi was the only one in the world, so I killed Yi. Mencius said: "Is Yi Yi guilty?"
Gong Mingyi said: "It would be better if he was innocent."
said: "How can I say that he is not guilty of evil? The people of Zheng sent Zi Zhuo Ruzi to invade the Wei, and the Wei sent Yu Gong to him. He was chasing him. Zi Zhuo Ruzi said, "Today I am too busy to hold my bow, and I will die." He asked his servant, "Who is chasing me?" His servant said, "This is Mr. Yu." He said, "I am born." His servant said, "Yu Gong's Si is the one who is good at shooting. Master said, I am born." He said, "Yu Gong's Si learned shooting from Yin Gong's others, and Yin Gong's others learned from me." "You have to take care of your friends." Yu Gong came and said, "Master, why don't you hold the bow?" He said, "I am working hard today, so I can't hold the bow." He said, "I learned how to shoot from Yin Gong." He, Yin Gong, learned to shoot from Master. I can't bear to use Master's way to harm Master. Although, today's matter is your business, I dare not abolish it." "
Mencius said: "If Xizi is unclean, everyone will cover their noses and pass by. Even if there are evil people, if they all abstain from fasting and bathing, they can worship God."
Mencius said: "The nature of speech in the world is just that. . Therefore, benefit is the basis. What is bad for a wise man is like a wise man walking on water, and there is nothing wrong with being a wise man. If you do nothing, your wisdom will be great. The sky is high and the stars are far away. If you ask for it, you can sit down and pay tribute when you are a thousand years old. . When entering the school, there are those who go on to talk to the Right Master, and there are those who assume the position of the Right Master and talk to the Right Master. Mencius did not talk to Youshi, and Youshi was displeased and said: "All the gentlemen talked to Huan, but Mencius alone did not talk to Huan. This is Jian Huan." When Mencius heard this, he said: "Li, the court does not talk to each other according to the position. "I want to bow to each other without crossing the steps. Isn't it different for Zi'ao to treat me as a simple person?"
Mencius said: "The reason why a gentleman is different from others is because of his intention. A gentleman's intention is based on benevolence and etiquette. . A benevolent person loves others, and a polite person respects others. Those who love others will always love them; those who respect others will always respect them. If someone treats me in a treacherous manner, then a gentleman will be self-defeating: I will be unkind and disrespectful. Also, is it appropriate to be ridiculed? It turns out to be benevolent, and it is polite to do so. A gentleman must be self-reliant. "This is also a mistake for people. If so, what's the problem with animals?" Therefore, a gentleman has a lifetime of worries, but if he has any worries, he will have them. Yes; I am also a human being. Shun's law can be passed down to future generations, so I am a native of the country, so I can worry about it. If Shun is in trouble, he will die. It is neither benevolent nor polite. If there is trouble in one day, a gentleman will not suffer. "
When Yu and Ji were in peace, they would pass through the door three times without entering. Confucius was wise. When Yan Zi was in troubled times, he lived in a back alley, eating from a basket and drinking from a ladle. People could not bear their worries, but Yan Zi did not change his joy, and Confucius was wise.Mencius said: "Yu, Ji, and Yan returned to the same way. Yu thought that there were drowning people in the world, and he drowned them himself; Ji thought that there were hungry people in the world, and he was hungry, so this was the reason for his urgency. Yu, Ji, and Yanzi changed places. It's all true. If someone in the same room fights, it's OK to save him even if he is given a tassel to save him. If there is a fight in the neighbor's house, if he is given a tassel to save him, it's okay. Even if he closes his house, it's okay. ”
Gongduzi said: “Kuang Zhang is said to be unfilial by the whole country. Master is traveling with him and is polite to him. Why do you dare to ask?” Mencius said: “In the world, there are five unfilial persons, and four are lazy. The first is unfilial piety, regardless of the support of one's parents; the second is unfilial piety, being fond of playing games and drinking, and ignoring the support of one's parents; the third unfilial piety, being fond of money and wealth, having a private wife, and ignoring the support of one's parents, the third unfilial piety; following the desires of the ears and eyes, killing one's parents, the fourth unfilial piety Being very brave and fighting is a sign of being unfilial. Is there anything wrong with Zhang Zi? The son and the father blame each other for the good, and this is the way of friends; the father and the son blame the husband for their kindness. Zhangzi, don't you want to have a wife and mother? If you want to offend your father, you will not be able to get close to your wife, and you will not be able to support him for the rest of your life. If you think it is not the case, then it is a serious sin, but it is just Zhangzi. . 》
Zengzi lived in Wucheng, and there were Yue bandits. Or he said: "The invaders are coming, and I am going to kill them all?" He said: "There is no one in my house, and I have destroyed the fuel wood." When the invaders retreated, he said: "Repair my walls and house, and I will rebel." The invaders retreated, and Zengzi rebelled. . He said to the left and right: "If you, sir, are so loyal and respectful, if the invaders arrive, go first to gain popularity with the people; if the invaders retreat, then turn against them, which is a very serious matter." Shen Youxing said, "This is not what you know. In the past, Shen Youyou had a responsibility." Chu's misfortune was caused by the seventy people who followed him. "
Zisi lived in Wei, and there were Qi invaders. Or it may be said: "When the bandits arrive, are they all gone?" Zisi said: "If it is like a siege, who will guard it?"
Mencius said: "Zengzi and Zisi think of the same way. Zengzi is a teacher, a father and an elder brother; Zisi is a minister. Yes, Wei Ye. This is what Zengzi and Zi thought about when they changed places."
Chu Zi said: "The king sent people to punish the master, is it different from others?"
Mencius said: "Why is it different from others? Yao and Shun were different. "People have the same ears."
If a person in Qi has a wife and a concubine, and his husband comes out, he will be full of wine and meat and then turn against him. If his wife asked him about food and drink, he would be rich and noble. His wife told her concubine: "When a beloved man comes out, he will feast on wine and meat and then turn back. Anyone who asks for food and drink is rich and noble, but no one has come. I will keep the beloved man in his place." , Give to a good man, and there is no one in the country who can talk to him. When the deceased died in the palace of Dongguo, those who offered sacrifices begged for the rest; if they were not enough, they would take care of them. This is the way to satisfy themselves. His wife returned home and told her concubine, "A good man is someone you look up to for the rest of your life, and now it's like this." She and her concubine talked to the people about their beloved man, and wept together in the courtyard, but the beloved man didn't know it and gave him alms. They come from outside and are proud of their wives and concubines.
From the perspective of a gentleman, the reason why people seek wealth and success is that their wives and concubines are not ashamed, and it is rare that they do not cry with each other.
Idioms in the book
The language in "Mencius", including metaphors and fables used to help reason, were mostly quoted by later generations and gradually turned into idioms.
"The King Hui of Liang, Part 1"
Traveling thousands of miles, taking fifty steps to laugh at a hundred steps,
Mencius classics
The founder of the terracotta warriors, looking for fish from the tree, leading and looking, holding Mount Tai to reach the North Sea, outnumbered
"The King Hui of Liang, Part 2"
Wife Isolated, the courage of an ordinary man, reneging on one's words, enjoying the joy of the people, taking care of others, saving people from fire and water, eating pots of pulp, lingering and forgetting to return
"Gongsun Chou"
pulling the seedlings to encourage growth, getting twice the result with half the effort, being outstanding, being kind to others, relieving the people, concrete and subtle, I am sincerely convinced, but I want to seek help from myself.
"The Lower Gongsun Chou"
That time, this time (this time, that time), there will be many helpers for the right way, but few help for the wrong way. The location and people are favorable, who else but me, it is more than enough
"Teng Wen Gong"
To be rich and unkind, to help each other
"Teng Wen Gong"
The orders of parents, the words of matchmakers, treacherous ministers and traitors, taunting the people and punishing people
"Li Lou Shang"
Driving fish in the abyss, abandoning oneself, not having the reputation of being unworthy, there are three kinds of unfilial piety, having no heirs is the most important, dancing with joy, Those who obey nature will survive, and those who defy nature will perish. Why do you say this?
Chen Shan Shun Xie
"Li Lou Xia"
A pure heart likes to be a teacher for others, not for oneself. Xianjue
"Wan Zhang Xia"
However, he is disrespectful, knows people and discusses the world
"Gaozi Shang"
is dedicated to one's ambitions, sacrifices one's life for righteousness, and can only bring a drop in water
"Gaozi 2"
Treat one's neighbor as beggar and reject others from thousands of miles away
" Give all your heart to "
Take care of yourself alone , I am accustomed to not observing, it is self-evident, it leads but does not send out, benevolent people love things, it is urgent, don’t pull out a hair
" wholeheartedly "
Believe in the book, it is better to have no book, the enlightenment is sudden, the words are close and the purpose is far-reaching, and the same trend is followed
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Zaiwo said: "As I observe the master, I am far more virtuous than Yao and Shun." Zigong said: "You will know its politics by seeing its body, and you will know its virtues by hearing its music. After a hundred generations, even the kings of a hundred generations will not be able to disobey it." Since the birth of the people, there has never been a master. Youruo said, "Are they just the people?" The unicorn is to the beasts, the phoenix is to the birds, the Taishan Mountains are to the hills and mountains, the rivers and the sea are to the rivers and lakes, they are similar. The saints are similar to the people. Out of its kind, it is the best among its kind. Since the birth of the people, it has never been more prosperous than Confucius. 』"Mencius said: "Those who use strength to pretend to be benevolent will be domineering, and they will have a great country; those who are benevolent will be kings, and the king will not be great. Tang is seventy miles, and King Wen is a hundred miles. Those who use strength to convince others are not convinced by their hearts, and they are not strong enough. Support; those who convince others with virtue are happy and sincere, just like the Seventy-year-old Confucius. "Poetry" says: "From the west to the east, from the south to the north, there is no thought but no submission." . "
Mencius said: "Benevolence brings honor, being unkind brings disgrace. Now it is unkind to be humiliated, which is like being wet and humble. To be evil, it is better to respect virtue and respect people. The wise are in the position and the capable are in the position. When the country is free, it is time to clarify its political punishment. Even if it is a big country, it will be feared. The poem goes: "It is not raining in the sky, so I am ready to hide my house. Do you dare to insult me now?" Confucius said: "Who knows this? Who dares to insult the country if it is idle?" "Poetry" says: "Always say that you will be blessed." " Taijia" said: "If you do evil by yourself, you can't live." This is what Mencius said. Said: "If you respect the virtuous and enable the capable, and if the heroes are in power, then all the people in the world will be happy, and they will be willing to stand in their dynasties; if the market is simple but not levy, and the law is not simple, then all the merchants in the world will be happy, and they will be willing to hide it in their dynasty." The market is there; if the pass is ridiculed but not conquered, then everyone in the world will be happy to travel, and they will be willing to follow the road; if the cultivator is helping but not taxing, then all the farmers in the world will be happy, and will be willing to cultivate their fields; , If there is no cloth inside, then all the people in the world will be happy and willing to be a gangster. If you believe that you can do these five, the people in neighboring countries will look up to you like your parents, and lead your children to attack their parents. Since the birth of the people, There is no one who can help. If you are like this, you will be invincible in the world. Those who are natural enemies are the officials of heaven. However, there is no such thing as a king."
Mencius said: "Everyone has a heart that cannot bear others. With a heart that cannot tolerate others, you can implement an intolerable government and govern the world in the palm of your hand. Therefore, it is said that everyone has a heart that cannot be tolerated. Now, at the first sight, the child will fall into the well. , they all have a heart of fear and compassion, not because they are friends with the children's parents, not because they want to be praised by their hometown friends, and not because they hate their voices. From this point of view, it is not human to have a heart of compassion; A heart of shame and disgust is not a human being; a heart of humiliation is not a human being; a heart of shame and shame is not a human being. Also; the mind of right and wrong is the basis of wisdom. People have four ends, just like they have four bodies. Those who say they are incapable of doing so are committing treason; those who claim that their ruler is incapable of doing so are also treason. "Anything that has four ends in it, I know it is expanded and filled. If the fire starts to rise, if it can be filled, it will be enough to protect the world; if it is not filled, it will not be enough to serve the parents."
Mencius said. : "Isn't it better to target people than to send people? The target person is afraid of not hurting others, and the target person is afraid of hurting others. The same is true for shamans and craftsmen. Therefore, one must not be careless in his skills. Confucius said: "Benevolence is beautiful. If you choose not to be kind, how can you get it? Wisdom? "Humanity is the dignity of heaven, and it is the dignity of man. It is unwise to be unkind, unwise, disrespectful, and ungrateful, and it is a shame to serve." When you bow to others, you are ashamed to be a bow, and when you shoot at others, you are ashamed to be an arrow. It is better to be benevolent than to be ashamed. A benevolent person is like a shooter: he who shoots corrects himself and then shoots; if he shoots and misses, he does not complain about defeating himself, but only seeks others. "
Mencius said: "Zilu, when people tell you that they have made mistakes, they are happy. When Yu hears good words, he worships him. Shun was a great man, he was good with others, he sacrificed himself and followed others, he was willing to take what others thought was good, and he Farming, potting, fishing, and even becoming an emperor are all about doing good to others. Therefore, there is nothing better than doing good to others. "
Mencius said: "Bo Yi is not his king, and he does not do anything. Friends, not friends. Don't stand in the court of evil people, and don't talk to evil people. Stand in the court of evil people, and talk to evil people. It's like sitting in the ashes with your royal robe and crown.He has an evil heart and wants to stand with the country people. His crown is not straight, and he looks away and looks like he is about to be punished. Therefore, even if the princes are good at what they say and arrive, they will not accept it. Those who don't accept it are just disdainful. Liu Xiahui will not be ashamed to insult the king, nor be humble to a small official; he will not hide the virtuous when he enters, but will follow his own way; he will not complain when things are lost, and he will not pity the poor. Therefore, he said: "You are for you, and I am for myself. Even if you are naked on my side, how can you resist me?" ” Therefore, you can go along with it without losing it, and stop it with help. Those who stop without help will not even bother to leave. Mencius said: "Boyi is narrow, and Liu Xiahui is disrespectful, and a gentleman cannot help it."
"Mencius" Chapter 04 Gongsun Chou descends
Mencius said: "The weather is not as good as the favorable terrain, and the favorable geographical conditions are not as good as the people. A city of three miles, a country of seven miles, If you attack an enemy in a circle, you will be able to win. However, the one who cannot win is because the weather is not as good as the terrain. The city is not too high, the pond is not too deep, and the army is not too strong. There is not much millet, so if you let it go, the geographical advantages are not as good as the harmony. Therefore, it is said: the people of the region do not rely on the boundaries of the border, the country is not consolidated by the dangers of mountains and rivers, and the people who control the world do not rely on the benefits of military revolution. Help, those who are unjust will have little help. If they have little help, they will be with their relatives; if they have more help, the world will obey them. If the world obeys them, they will attack their relatives. Therefore, if a gentleman does not fight, he will win."
Mencius was about to go to the king, and the king sent someone to say: "As you can see, I have a cold disease, so I can't take the wind. Go to the court, I will look at the court, don't you know, how can I see it?"
He said to him: "Unfortunately. But if you are sick, you will not be able to make a dynasty."
Tomorrow, I will be hanged by the Dongguo family. Gongsun Chou said: "In the past, I was sick, and today I am hanging up. Is it inappropriate?"
He said: "In the past, I was sick, and today I am cured. Why not hang up?"
The king sent people to ask about the illness, and the doctor came.
Meng Zhongzi said to him: "In the past, there were kings' orders and worries about collecting firewood, so they could not establish a dynasty. Now that I have recovered from my illness, I am ready to establish a dynasty. I don't know if I can do it?"
He sent several people to the road and said, : "You will never return, but you will be built in the dynasty!"
As a last resort, Jingchou's family stayed in Yan.
Jingzi said: "Internally, father and son, externally, monarch and ministers, this is the great ethics of human beings. Father and son are responsible for kindness, monarch and ministers are responsible for respect. We should respect the king when we see him ugly, but we should respect the king if we don't see him."
said: "Evil! What is this? If the people of Qi fail to speak to the king with benevolence and righteousness, how can they think that benevolence and righteousness are not beautiful? He said in his heart, "How can I speak of benevolence and righteousness?" This is not the most disrespectful thing. I dare to present it before the king, so no one in Qi can respect the king as much as I do."
Jingzi said: "No, that's not what it means. Li said, "When the father calls, there is no promise; when the king calls, he will not wait for you." Gujiang. In the court, if you hear the king's order but it doesn't work, it is better to be different from your husband. "
said: "How can it be said that it is right? Zengzi said: "The wealth of Jin and Chu is unreachable; they use their wealth, and I use it as my own." Benevolence; I regard my righteousness as my own, so why should I be unrighteous? This is what Zeng Zi said. There are three respects in the world: one in rank, one in virtue, and one in virtue. Sir, there is nothing better than teeth in a rural party, and nothing better than virtue in serving the people. Is there anything evil that can be neglected by others? Therefore, if you are going to be a great leader, you must have some ministers that you do not want to call. His respect for virtue and his Taoism are not as good as this, and they are not enough to achieve anything. Therefore, when Tang was with Yi Yin, he learned a lot and became a subordinate, so he became a king without working. Tyrant. Today, the ugly and virtuous Qi people can't respect each other. They are good at what they are taught, but they are not good at what they are taught. Duke Huan dare not summon Guan Zhong. "You can't summon him, how about he not being Guan Zhong?"
Chen Zhen asked: "The day before yesterday in Qi, the king gave me a hundred gold coins, but he didn't accept it; in Song Dynasty, he gave me seventy yi, and he received five; in Xue, he gave me five If you don't accept it the day before, then you will receive it today; if you receive it today, you will receive it today. Master, this is the same."
Mencius said: "It's all true. In the Song Dynasty, if you are going to travel far, you must give it to me. The saying goes: "Feeding me the gift." Why should I not accept it? When I am in Xue, I have to be cautious. The saying goes: "I heard the warning, so I gave it to the soldiers." "Why don't you accept it? If you don't have a place to give it, how can a gentleman take it?"
Mencius said: "If your halberd-wielding men fall out of service three times in one day, should they be dismissed?"
said: "Don't wait for three.
"However, there are also many people who have lost their troops. In the bad years and the hungry years, the people of Zi have turned to the ravines, and the strong ones have scattered in the four directions. Thousands of them."
said: "This is not alienation from the heart." "What you get is what you get."
said: "Nowadays, if someone accepts someone's cattle and sheep to graze for them, they must seek grazing and grazing for them. If they fail to get grazing and grazing, then they will do the opposite to the other people?" And regard him as dead?"
said: "This is the crime of alienation from the heart."
The next day, I saw the king and said: "The king is the capital, and I know the five people. Those who know the crime are only guilty of alienation from the heart. "Recite it for the king."
The king said: "This is the sin of the few."
Mencius said to the frog: "It seems that the Master's speech to Lingqiu to invite the judges is something that can be said. It has been several months now, and I have not been able to say anything. ? "
The frog gave advice to the king but did not use it, so he left as a minister.
The people of Qi said: "So if you are a frog, you are good; if you do it yourself, I don't know."
Gong Duzi told him.
said: "I have heard that if there is an official to guard, if you can't do it, you will leave; if there is someone to blame, if you can't do it, then leave. I have no official to guard, and I have no words to blame, then I advance and retreat, isn't it ridiculous? Do you have any spare time?"
Mencius was the minister of Qi, and he went to Teng. The king sent Gai Dafu Wang Huan to assist him. Wang Huan met in the morning and evening, and he did not speak or act with him on the road of opposing Qi and Teng.
Gongsun Chou said: "The position of Qi Qing is not small; the road between Qi and Teng is not close. On the contrary, if you don't talk about it and do it, why?"
said: "Since I can rule it, what can I say?" 》
Mencius was buried in Qi in Lu, rebelled against Qi, and ended in Ying.
Chong Yu asked, "I didn't know that Yu was unkind the day before yesterday, so I asked Yu to be a craftsman. I was strict, and Yu didn't dare to invite me. Now I would like to steal the invitation: the wood is beautiful."
said: "The ancient coffins were not generous, but the middle-aged coffins were seven. Cun, coffin is called it. Since the emperor reached the common people, it was not just for the appreciation of beauty, and then it could not be enjoyed by people. If there is no wealth, it cannot be enjoyed by others. People in ancient times used it. , Why should I be alone? Besides, I am not alone in my heart because I have nothing to do with my own skin. I heard that a gentleman does not care about his relatives in the world."
Shen Tong asked him privately: "Yan Kefa. "With?"
Mencius said: "Yes; Zikuai cannot be married to others, and the child cannot be swallowed by Zikuai. If there is an official here, and the child likes it, he will not tell the king but privately give it to my son's salary and title; a gentleman Also, if there is no king's order, how can it be different from that of the son? "
The people of Qi attacked Yan.
Some people asked: "Is there anyone who advises Qi to attack Yan?"
said: "We are not yet. Shen Tong asked, "Can Yan attack Yan?", I answered, "Yes", and he went on to attack Yan. He said: " "Who can kill him?" The general will answer him, "If he is an official from heaven, he can kill him." If someone asks someone, "Who can kill him?" he will answer the question, "Yes." If he asks, "Who can kill him?" The general will say, "If you are a scholar, you can kill him." Why should I persuade Yan to attack Yan? The king said: "I am very ashamed of Mencius."
Chen Jia said: "The king is not in trouble. Who do you think he is benevolent and wise with Zhou Gong?"
The king said: "Evil! What are you talking about!"
said : "The Duke of Zhou sent Uncle Guan to supervise Yin, and Uncle Guan was on the bank of Yin. To do it after knowing it is unkind; to do it without knowing it is unwise. If the Duke of Zhou has not exhausted his benevolence and wisdom, how can it be worse than the king? Jia Please see and understand."
met Mencius and asked, "Who is Zhou Gong?"
said: "He is also an ancient sage."
said: "Guan Shu is responsible for overseeing Yin, and Guan Shu is on the bank of Yin. How many of them are there?"
Said: "Of course."
said: "Duke Zhou knew that the general was on his side and ordered him to fight with him?"
said: "I don't know."
"But did the sage have any faults?"
said: "Duke Zhou was his younger brother; Uncle Guan , Brother. Isn’t it appropriate for the gentlemen of ancient times to correct their faults? The gentlemen of today should comply with their faults. The faults of the ancient gentlemen are like the eclipses of the sun and the moon. "And the people all respect him. How can the gentleman of today just obey him and follow his words?"
Mencius returned as a minister. The king went to see Mencius and said, "I wanted to see you the day before yesterday but was unable to do so. I am very happy to be able to serve you in the same court. Now you have left me alone and returned. I don't know if I can continue to see you?"
He said to him, "I dare not invite you to listen." , solid as one wishes."The next day, the king said to Shizi: "I want China to grant Mencius a royal family, and to raise disciples with thousands of bells, so that all the great officials and people in the country will have a dignified manner. Ziyun has spoken to me!"
Shizi came to China because of Chenzi. To sue Mencius, Chen Zi sued Mencius with the words of Shizi.
Mencius said: "However, when you are evil, you know that you can't do it? If you want to be rich, and you accept ten thousand in exchange for one hundred thousand, is it because you want to be rich? Ji Sun said: "It's strange, my uncle is suspicious! If you make yourself a ruler, If you don't use it, that's it, and you can make your children become ministers. Who doesn't want to be rich and noble? But in the midst of wealth and honor, there is a private dragon. "In ancient times, it was a city, and those who used their possessions to exchange what they had had nothing to do with it. If there is a cheap husband, he will climb up and look around. Everyone thinks he is cheap, so he will conquer the business."
Mencius went to Qi. Stay in the daytime. Those who wish to stay for the king should sit down and say no, but lie down in hiding.
The guest was displeased and said, "Disciples stayed together and then dared to speak. Master lay down and refused to listen. Please don't dare to see me again."
said, "Sit down! I understand the language. In the past, there was no one like Duke Mu of Lu. Zisi thought If there is no one on the side of Miao Gong, he will not be safe. If the son is concerned about the elders, he will not be as good as the elders. Is the elder the child? ?"
Mencius went to Qi. Yin Shi spoke to the people and said: "If you don't know the king, you can't be Tang Wu. That's because you don't understand. If you know the king, you can't, but when you arrive, it's dry land. You can see the king thousands of miles away, but you don't meet him, and you stay three nights and then go out in the day. How can you be so wet and stagnant?" "Huh? I'm not happy about this," Gao Zi said.
said: "Is it true that my husband knows me badly? Seeing the king thousands of miles away is what I want. How can I do what I want if I don't meet him? I have no choice. After spending three nights and leaving the day, I feel like I am hastening. The king If the king changes the situation, he will do it in return. If the king does not follow him, he will return to his hometown. If you give me advice, how can you bring peace to the people and bring peace to the people of the world? How can I be like this? If you don’t accept your advice, you will be angry and angry. How can I stay here after I have exhausted my strength?"
Yin Shi heard this and said, "You are a sincere man."
Mencius went to Qi and went to Yu Road and asked, "Master, what if you are not hesitant? The day before yesterday, Yu heard the masters say: " A gentleman does not complain about heaven or others. ""
said: "That time, this time. In five hundred years, there will be a king, and there will be a famous person in the world. From the Zhou Dynasty, there are more than seven hundred years. If you think about it, it is enough; if you examine it at the time, it will be enough. God does not want to rule the world in peace. If he wants to rule the world in peace, who else can I do?"
Mencius goes. Qi, Juxiu. Gongsun Chou asked: "Is it the ancient way to be an official without receiving salary?"
said: "No. When I saw the king in Chong, I retreated with the intention of leaving and did not want to change, so I did not accept it. Then there was I cannot ask for orders from my master. It is not my ambition to stay with Qi for a long time."
"Mencius" Chapter 05 Teng Wengong enters
Teng Wengong was the prince, and he passed through the Song Dynasty to see Mencius. Mencius' Taoism was good, and his words must be praised as Yao and Shun. The prince rebelled from Chu and saw Mencius again. Mencius said: "Your Majesty, do you doubt my words? The husband's way is just one thing. Cheng Gui said to Qi Jinggong: "He is your husband; I am your husband; why should I be afraid of him?" Yan Yuan said: "Who is Shun? I, Who is it? The same is true for those who are promising. "Gong Mingyi said: "King Wen is my master. How can Duke Zhou deceive me?" Today's Teng has its strengths and weaknesses, and it can still be a good country. If the medicine does not cure the dizziness, the disease will not heal.""
Teng Dinggong passed away, and the prince said to Ranyou: "In the past, Mencius once told me in the Song Dynasty, and I will never forget it. Now it is unfortunate that it has become a serious problem. I want to make it happen." Zi asked Mencius, and then acted.
Mencius said: "Isn't that good! When a relative is bereft, one must commit suicide. Zengzi said: "When you are alive, do things with propriety; when you die, be buried with propriety and offer sacrifices with propriety. This can be called filial piety." The etiquette of the princes, I have not yet learned it; although, I have heard about it. After three years of mourning, Qi Shu was served and the food of porridge was shared by the common people for three generations. Years of mourning. Father, brother, and all officials do not want to do this, so he said: "My ancestor Lu did not do this, and my ancestors also did not do it. As for the son's body, it is not allowed to do the opposite." He also said: "Funeral sacrifices should be from the ancestors."’ He said, ‘I have received it. ""
He said to Ran You: "I have no knowledge in the future, and I like to ride horses and test swords. Today, my father, brother, and hundreds of officials are not enough for me, and I am afraid that they will not be able to accomplish great things. I asked Mencius for me!"
Ran You replied. Zou asked Mencius.
Mencius said: "Of course; he cannot ask for it. Confucius said: "When you die, listen to the tomb master, eat the porridge, face is dark, and cry when you take the throne. When hundreds of officials have ministers, no one dares not to mourn, and to be the first to do so." 1 There must be something good below. The virtue of a gentleman is like the wind; the virtue of a villain is like the wind on the grass.”
The prince said: "Of course; it is true that I am sincere."
I lived in a house in May, and there were no orders or precepts. People from the Baiguan clan are called Zhi. When it comes to the burial, people from all over the world come to see it. They feel sad, weeping and mourning, and those who hang it are overjoyed.
Teng Wengong asked about the country.
Mencius said: "Civil affairs cannot be postponed. "Poetry" says: "You spend the day on the grass, and you spend the night on the grass; if you need a house, you will sow a hundred grains." The people are the way, and those who have constant property have perseverance. Those who have no permanent property have no perseverance. If they indulge in eccentricity and extravagance, they will be punished. How can a benevolent person ignore the people? The king must be respectful, frugal and courteous, and take advantage of the people's control. Yang Hu said: "It is not benevolent to be rich, and it is not rich to be benevolent."
"The Xia Hou family paid tribute at fifty, the Yin people helped at seventy, and the Zhou people gave them a hundred acres. , In fact, they are all the same. The one who is thorough is the one who is helping; the one who is helping is borrowing. "Longzi said: "No one is good at helping, and no one is good at paying tribute." Those who pay tribute will be happy for a few years. Rice wolves are ruthless, and if they take more without being cruel, they will take less; in a bad year, if the fields are not enough, they will have to take more than they can to feed the people. His parents, also known as "loans", make the old and young go into the ditch. What's wrong with them is that they are parents of the people? Zhu means public land. From this point of view, even Zhou also helps.
"It is set up as a Xiangxu school to teach. Xiang means nourishment; school means teaching; Xia means school, and Yin means Xu. Zhou is called Xiang; the three generations of learning share this principle, and they all understand human relations. Human relations are clear at the top, and the people at the bottom are close to each other. When a king rises, he must come to learn the law.
"The Poetry" says: "Zhou". Although it is an old country, its destiny is new. "King Wen said that if you try hard, you will also build a new country!"
Mencius said: "The prince of the son will carry out benevolent government. He will choose and entrust his son, and the son will encourage him! The benevolent government must start from the economic realm. If the economic realm is not straight, the wells and ground are not smooth, and the valleys and valleys are uneven, so the tyrant will be corrupt and the officials will be corrupted." If the Jingjie is straight, the land distribution system and salary can be determined by sitting down.
"Fu Teng, the soil is small, it will be treated by a gentleman, but it will be treated by a barbarian. If there is no gentleman, don't control the barbarians; if there are no barbarians, don't do it." To raise a gentleman, please help me from the field, and the tithe of the country will be given to you. I will have fifty acres of land. If you die, you will not be able to leave your hometown. If we are friends, we will help each other and support each other in sickness, then the people will be harmonious. There are nine hundred acres of wells in the square, and eight families will own one hundred acres of public land, and they will raise the public land together. After the public affairs are completed, they will not dare to deal with private affairs, so they are not like wild people. Yes. This is a rough idea; if you can nourish it, it will be up to you and your son."
Someone who was a speaker of Shen Nong Xu Xing came from Teng of Chu and told Duke Wen: "People from far away heard about your behavior. Benevolent government, willing to accept a small amount of money and become a gangster."
The place given by Duke Wen.
There were dozens of people among them, all dressed in brown. They tied up clothes and made mats for food.
Chen Liang's disciples Chen Xiang and his younger brother Xin came from Teng in the Song Dynasty and said: "I heard that you are practicing the government of a saint. You are also a saint, and I wish to be a saint."
Chen Xiang saw Xu Xing and was very happy. Abandon his studies and learn from them.
When Chen Xiang met Mencius, he said to Xu Xing: "The Lord of Teng is a sincere and virtuous monarch, although he has not heard of the Tao. A wise man cultivates and eats with the people, and governs the country. Now there are warehouses and treasuries in Teng, so Is it true that the people must be strict and self-sustaining, and evil can lead to virtuous people?"
Mencius said: "Does Xuzi have to plant millet and then eat it?"
said: "Yes."
"Does Xuzi have to weave cloth and then make clothes?"
said: "No! Xu Zi's clothes are brown."
"Xu Ziguan?"
said: "Guan."
said: "Xi Guan?"
said: "Guan Su.
said: "Self-weaving?"
said: "No, use millet to change it."
said: "Xu Zixi did not weave by himself?"
said: "It is harmful to farming."
said: "Xu Ziyi Do you use iron to plow the cauldron and steamer?"
said: "Of course."
"Do it for yourself?"
said: "No! Use millet to change it."
"Those who use millet to change tools are not used to cultivate them; to cultivate them. How can he be a good farmer if he uses his tools to make grains? Why don't you just keep them in your palace and use them? Why do you have to worry about them? Said: "It is true that the work of hundreds of labors cannot be cultivated and done."
"But how to govern the world only by cultivating and doing it? There are things for adults and there are things for small people. And one person's body can be prepared for hundreds of labors. , if you must do it yourself and then use it, you will lead the world. Therefore, it is said that you may work hard or work hard; those who work hard govern people, and those who work hard govern others; those who govern people eat people, and those who govern others eat people. The universal meaning of the world.
"During the time of Yao, the world was still not at peace. Floods were flowing across the world. The vegetation was luxuriant, the animals were multiplying, the crops were not harvested, the animals were overpowering the people, and the tracks of the hooves of animals and birds were handed over to China. Yao was alone in worrying about it, and he raised Shun to control Yan. Shun sent Yi to control the fire, which burned the mountains and rivers, and the animals fled. At that time, China could gain food from the river. At that time, Yu had been away for eight years and had not entered the gate three times. Although he wanted to cultivate the land, how could he get it? If the grain is ripe and the people are well educated, if a person has enough food, warm clothes, and a comfortable home without education, then he is like an animal. The sage has to be a disciple and teach human relations. Husband and wife are different, elders and younger ones are different, and friends are trustworthy. Fang Xun said: "If you work hard, you can straighten it, and you can support it with wings, so that you can be self-sufficient, and then you can improve your virtue." This is how the sage cares about the people. Do you have time to farm?
"Yao was worried about not being able to get Shun, and Shun was worried about not being able to get Yu and Gao Tao. He who worries about having a hundred acres of land is a farmer. Divide people with wealth, and teach others how to do it." Goodness is called loyalty, and it is called benevolence to win people from the world. Therefore, it is easy to win people from the world, and it is difficult to win people from the world. Confucius said: "It is great that Yao is the king!" The people are incompetent! How great is Shun? How could Yao and Shun rule the world without using it for farming? It is said that Chen Liang, a native of Chu, learned from the north of China and was the brother of the so-called heroes. After a few decades, the master died and it was doubled! In the past, Confucius died. Three years later, the disciples came back and bowed to Zigong. Chang lived alone for three years and then returned. Later, Zixia, Zizhang and Ziyou thought that you were like a saint and wanted to do what Confucius did and force Zengzi. Zengzi said: "No, it's impossible to wash it with water in the rivers and Han Dynasties, and it's violent in the autumn sun. It's so bright that it can't be saved." ’ Nowadays, the barbarian people in the south are not following the way of the previous kings. They learned it from Zi Bei Zi’s teacher, and they are also different from Zeng Zi. I have heard of people who came out of the deep valley and moved to the trees, but I have not heard of people who came down from the trees and entered the deep valley. "Song of Lu" says: "Rong Di is a traitor, Jing Shu is a punishment." "The Duke of Zhou just imitated it, and the disciples learned this and were not good at changing." "
"Follow the teachings of Xu Zi, then there will be no dupes in the market, and there will be no falsehood in the country. Even if a five-foot-old child is suitable for the market, no child will be deceived. If the length of cloth is the same, the jia will be similar; If the number and number are the same, then the Jia will be similar; if the size is the same, the Jia will be similar."
said: "The unevenness of things is due to the emotions of things; they may be as many as one, or as many as a hundred, or as many as tens of thousands. When compared, they are the same. This is chaos in the world. How can people do this if they follow the way of Xu Zi and lead the country?"
Mo Zhi asked to see Mencius because of Xu Pi. Mencius said: "I really want to see him. I am still ill now. I have recovered from my illness. I will go to see you soon. The barbarians will not come!"
The next day, he asked to see Mencius again. Mencius said: "Now I can see it. If it is not straight, the way will not be seen; I will make it straight."I have heard from Yizi Mo that Mo’s way of managing funerals is to be thin. Yizi thinks that he can change the world, so how can he think that it is not right and not noble? also. "
Xu Zi sued Yi Zi.
Yizi said: "In the way of Confucianism, if people in ancient times protected their innocent children, what does this mean? They thought that love is without distinction, and charity begins with one's own."
Xu Zi told Mencius.
Mencius said: "Hu Yizi believes that a man kissing his brother's son is like kissing his neighbor's innocent son? He has to take it. It is not the crime of an innocent son to crawl into a well. Moreover, the creatures of heaven make them One book, and two books for Yizi. In the past, there were people who did not bury their relatives. If their relatives died, they would be left to the dead. In the future, foxes will eat them and flies and gnats will eat them. If you look at someone with a stern look, you will not look at them. It is not a person's narcissism. The center reaches the face and covers it up. This is how a filial son and a benevolent man hide his relatives. "Excuse me."
Xu Zi sued Yi Zi. Yi Zi was stunned and said: "It's fate."
"Mencius" Chapter 06Teng Wengong's next
Chen Dai said: "If you don't see the princes, it's better to be small. When you see them now, the big ones are kings, and the small ones are. Then he will dominate. Qi Zhi said: "Looking for it in vain", it is appropriate to do it. "
Mencius said: "In the past, when Qi Jinggongtian was recruiting Yu people, they would kill them if they didn't arrive with a signal. People with lofty ideals should not forget to stay in the gully. , A warrior never forgets to lose his strength. What is Confucius saying about taking advantage of others and not waiting for them? Looking for a straight edge, how can I give it to him? In the past, Wang Liang and Xi Xi rode with each other, but Xi Xi rebelled and said, "You are the lowest worker in the world." Maybe he told Wang Liang. Liang said: "Please come back." If you are strong, you can get ten birds. Xiuxi said: "You are the best in the world." Jianzi said: "I will give you a hand." Good. Good is not good, he said: "I will not catch one for the whole day, but I will catch ten in one day." The poem goes: "Don't lose your speed. The arrow is like a broken one." Riding with a villain, please leave. "The charioteer is ashamed to compete with the archer. If you compete with him, you will catch animals. Even though they are like hills, it is impossible to do so." If you follow the other way in vain, why? Moreover, the son has gone too far; he who has failed himself has not been able to straighten others.
Jingchun said: "Aren't Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi not honest and virtuous men? When they are angry, the princes are afraid, and when they live in peace, the world is destroyed."
Mencius said: "How can I be a virtuous man? Have you not learned etiquette? Husband?" When a woman is given a crown, her father orders her; when a woman is married, her mother orders her, and she goes to the door where she is sent away, and warns her: "When you go to your daughter's house, you must respect her and do not disobey your master." A concubine is a righteous woman who is obedient! The way is to live widely in the world, establish the right position in the world, and follow the great road of the world; if you have the ambition, you can follow the people; if you don't have the ambition, you can't be licentious, you can't be poor or humble, and you can't bend the power. "A real man."
Zhou Xiao asked: "Are the gentlemen in ancient times official?"
Mencius said: "Official. It is said: "Confucius has no king for three months, and the emperor will be like this, and he will carry his property when he goes out of the country." Gong Mingyi said: "In ancient times, "If a man has no king for three months, he will be mourned."
"If a man has no king for three months, he will be mourned. Isn't that impatient?"
said: "The loss of a scholar's position is like the loss of a country by a prince." Li said: "The princes will help you in farming." To offer rice, the wife reeled in silkworms and thought of clothes. The sacrifice was not successful, the rice was not prepared, and the clothes were not prepared, so I did not dare to sacrifice. Dare to offer sacrifices, but dare not offer banquets, it is not enough to mourn?"
"When you go out from the frontier, you must carry your property, why?"
said: "The official role of a scholar is like the work of a farmer; how can a farmer give up his grass just to go out from the frontier? "What?"
said: "The Jin State is also an official, and I have never heard of such an urgent need to be an official. Why is it so difficult for a gentleman to be an official?" He said: "The husband is born and wants to have a wife for him. Everyone is willing to have a family for their parents. They don’t wait for their parents’ orders or the matchmaker’s words. They peek into each other through holes and follow each other across the wall. This is what people in ancient times did not want to be official. Also, evil does not follow its path. Those who do not follow its path are like drilling into holes and gaps.
Peng Geng asked: "There are dozens of chariots behind, and hundreds of people accompanying them. They are passing food to the princes. Isn't it appropriate?"
Mencius said: "If this is not the way, then a basket of food cannot be received from others; If Shun accepted the rule of Yao, he would not consider it peaceful, but Zi would think it peaceful."
said: "No, it is impossible for a scholar to eat when he has nothing to do."
said: "Zi does not know how to do things easily, and he can make up for his deficiencies with envy. , then the farmers will have surplus millet, and the women will have surplus cloth; if the son is clear, then the master, craftsman, and carriage will all have food for the son. If there is a person here, he will be filial when he comes in, and he will be fraternal when he comes out. He will abide by the way of the previous king, and wait for the future. A scholar cannot feed his son; how can he respect Zi Jian Lun Yu and despise benevolence and righteousness?"
said: "Zi Jian Lun Yu's ambition is to seek food; a gentleman's Tao is also to seek food. "Eating?"
said: "Why is the son so determined? It has merits for the son, so he can eat it. And the son's ambition to eat? What is his ambition to eat?"
said: "The ambition to eat."
said: " Someone here destroyed the tiles and paintings, and his intention was to seek food, so he would eat it?"
said: "No."
said: "But it is not the intention of eating, but the power of eating."
万 chapter He asked: "The Song Dynasty is a small country. Now it will be a royal government, and Qi and Chu are attacking them."
Mencius said: "Tang lived in Bo, and was adjacent to Ge Bo. He asked, "Why don't you sacrifice it?" He said, "There is no way to sacrifice it." Ge Bo ate it, but he didn't sacrifice it. "Sacrifice?" He said: "There is no rice to offer." Tang sent the people to plow the land and feed the old and the weak. Ge Bo led his people to seize those who had wine and rice, and killed those who did not. There was a boy who was killed for the price of millet meat. The "Book" said: "Ge Bo Qiu paid him." "Every man and every woman takes revenge." "Tang started his campaign from Ge Zai," and after eleven campaigns, he was invincible in the world. When he marched to the east, the barbarians in the west resented him; when he marched in the south, the barbarians in the north complained, "What are you doing to me?" Looking forward to it is like waiting for rain in a severe drought. Those who return to the market will not stop, and they will punish their king and mourn their people. The people will be happy when the rain comes. "Punishment!" "You are not a minister. During the Eastern Expedition, Suijue's scholar and daughter, Zhuojue Xuanhuang, invited me to see the King of Zhou, but Weichen was attached to Dayi Zhou." People eat pots of slurry to welcome their villains; to save the people from water and fire, they only take what is left. "Tai Shi" says: "My military strength is high, and when I invade the territory, I take what is left, and use Zhang to kill, and there is light in the soup." "If you don't carry out the royal government, everyone in the world will look up to you and want to be the king. Although Qi and Chu are great, why should they be afraid?"
Mencius said to Dai Busheng: "I want the kindness of the king of my son?" Tell me clearly, if there is a Chu official here, if you want his son to teach you, let the people of Qi teach him?"
said: "Let the people of Qi teach him." Therefore, all the people of Chu screamed at it, and even if they tried to beat it every day, they would not be able to get it. They led it and placed it between Zhuangyue for several years. The Master called Xue Juzhou a good scholar and made him live in the king's residence. Those who belong to the king, whether old, young or humble, are all in Xue Juzhou. Who can do anything bad to the king? In the king's place, the elders, the young and the humble are all not Xue Juzhou. Who can do good to the king? How can Xue Juzhou alone be as good as the king of Song Dynasty? "
Gongsun Chou asked: "What's the point of not seeing the princes?"
Mencius said: "In ancient times, I didn't see the princes if I didn't serve them. I would avoid them if they crossed the wall, and I would not accept the willows if I closed the door. This is all too much; forced, You can see that Yang Huo wanted to see Confucius but was rude. If the official gave a gift to a scholar and was not allowed to accept it, he would go to his door and pay homage to him. When he died, he went to pay homage to him. How could he not see Yang Huo first? Zengzi said, "He is smiling with flattery, and he is sick in Xia Qi." It is not known from this. "From this perspective, you can see that the gentleman has been raised."
Dai Yingzhi said: "Shiyi, I am unable to go to Guanshi. Please take it lightly." Wait until next year, then what will happen? "
Mencius said: "Nowadays, if someone is robbing his neighbor's chicken, he may say to him, "This is not the way of a gentleman." Next year, and then already.』If you know that it is unjust, it is already over now, how can you wait for the next year?
Gongduzi said: "Outsiders all say that Master is good at arguing. Why do you dare to ask?"
Mencius said: "How can I be good at arguing? I have no choice but to do it. The world has been in existence for a long time, and every time it is brought to order, there is chaos. It is Yao's time. At that time, the water flowed backward and overflowed across China, where snakes and dragons lived, and the people were at a loss. To control it, Yu dug the earth and poured it into the sea, driving away the snakes and dragons and releasing the water. The rivers, Huaihe Rivers, and Han Dynasties were all flowing through the earth. The dangers and obstacles were far away, and the harm caused by the birds and beasts was eliminated, and then people were able to level the land.
"After the death of Yao and Shun, the way of the saints declined, and tyrants took over. The ruined palaces became filthy ponds, and the people had no rest. The fields were abandoned and turned into garden enclosures, so that the people had no food and clothing. Heresy and atrocities were committed again, and garden enclosures and filthy ponds were used. There were many beasts in Pei Ze, and the country was in great chaos. King Wu of Zhou attacked Zhou in the third year of his death, and drove Fei Lian to the corner of the sea to kill him. He destroyed the country by fifty, and drove out tigers, leopards, The rhinoceros and the elephant are far away, and the world is very happy. The book says: "Pi is showing, King Wen is the king! King Wu is the king of Pi! May your descendants be honest and upright." There are works, there are ministers who kill their kings, there are sons who kill their fathers. Confucius was afraid, and wrote "Spring and Autumn", "Spring and Autumn", it is also the matter of the emperor; therefore Confucius said: "The only one who knows me is "Chun and Qiu". Huh! The only one who has sinned against me is "Spring and Autumn"! 』
"The holy kings did not do anything, the princes were free, and the scholars were debating. The words of Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai filled the world. If the words of the world do not belong to Yang, then they belong to Mo. The Yang family is mine, There is no king; Mo's universal love is without a father. Without a father and a king, there is a beast. Gong Mingyi said: "There are fat meat in the kitchen, fat horses in the stables; the people are hungry, and there are hungry cats in the wild. This is the result." Beasts can eat people. "Yang Mo's way is not consistent, but Confucius' way is false. It is filled with benevolence and righteousness. If benevolence and righteousness are filled up, then the beasts will eat people, and people will eat each other. I am afraid of this, and I will follow the sage's way." , Ju Yang Mo, those who indulge in obscene speech are not allowed to do it. If they do it in their hearts, they will do harm to their affairs; But the world is peaceful, the Duke of Zhou and the barbarians are driving away the ferocious beasts and the people are at peace. Confucius has become the "Spring and Autumn" and the rebellious ministers and traitors are afraid. Sir, this is what the Duke of Zhou has done. I also want to rectify people's hearts and put an end to evil talk, so as to inherit the three saints. Is it easy to argue? Those who can talk about Yang Mo are also disciples of saints. "
Kuang Zhang said: "Chen ZhongziIsn't he an honest man? He lived in the mausoleum without eating for three days, and his ears could not hear and his eyes could not see. There were plums in the well, and more than half of them had eaten. They crawled over and went there. Eat it; swallow it three times, and then you can hear it with your ears and see it with your eyes."
Mencius said: "Among the scholars of the Qi State, I must regard Zhongzi as a great master. Although Zhongzi is evil and can he be honest? That's right. The earthworms eat the soil and drink from the yellow spring. Did Bo Yi build the house where Zhongzi lived? Did he also steal the millet that Bo Yi built? Where is the plant? It is unknown.
said: "What's the harm? His body is weaved, and his wife is wearing clothes, so it's easy to change it."
said: "Zhongzi, he is from a noble family in Qi. Brother Dai is blessed with thousands of bells, and his salary is not enough." To live in your brother's house without eating it is to treat your brother's house as an unjust house. He left his mother and lived in the mausoleum. When he returned one day, there was a man who gave his brother a goose. Ji Qiye said: "What's the use of this goose?" One day, his mother killed the goose and ate it. If he doesn't eat, he will eat his wife; he will not live in his brother's house, but he will live in his mausoleum. Is this still considered worthy of his kind? Mencius" Chapter 07 Li Lou on
Mencius said: "The wisdom of Li Lou and the cleverness of Gongshu Zi are not based on rules and cannot form a square circle; the wisdom of Shi Kuang is not based on the six laws and cannot correct the five tones; the way of Yao and Shun is not based on benevolent government. , It is impossible to govern the world peacefully. If there is a benevolent heart and benevolent people but the people are not benefited by it, and they cannot follow the laws of future generations, they cannot practice the way of the previous kings. Therefore, it is said: Only good deeds are not enough to govern, and "Poetry" says, "Don't be guilty, don't forget, follow the old rules." Those who follow the laws of the previous kings have never existed.The sage exhausted his vision and power, and then followed the rules and guidelines, thinking that the square and the circle were straight and incompetent. After exhausting the ears and power, the six rhythms and five tones are followed, which cannot be used effectively; after the mind is exhausted, the government is followed by intolerance, and benevolence overwhelms the world. Therefore, it is said that what is high must be based on hills, what is low must be based on rivers and swamps, and how to govern is not based on the way of the previous kings. Is this wise? Therefore, those who are benevolent should be in high positions. Being unkind and holding a high position is spreading evil to others. There is no way to obey the law above, and there is no way to keep it below. The government does not believe in the way, and the workers do not believe in justice. Gentlemen commit righteousness, and villains commit punishment. The country is lucky to survive. Therefore, it is said that if the city is not completed and there are not many soldiers and armors, it is not a disaster for the country; if the fields are not developed and the goods and wealth are not gathered, it is not a disaster for the country. There is no etiquette at the top and no learning at the bottom. The thieves are prosperous and the people are in mourning. "Poetry" says: "The sky is in a state of collapse." Nothing to vent. ” Xie Xie is still a big mess. Those who serve the king without justice, advance and retreat without courtesy, and speak in a way that is not the way of the ancestors of the kings, are still stammering. Therefore, it is said that if I blame you for calling me respectful, if Chen Shan shuts things down and calls me respectful, I, the king, cannot call me a thief. "
Mencius said: "Rule, the square and the circle are the best; sage, human ethics is the best. If you want to be a king, you must do the king's way; if you want to be a minister, you must do the minister's way. Both of them are just like Yao and Shun. Don't do things like Shun. Those who serve the emperor as Yao do not respect the emperor; those who do not govern the people as Yao did do so are those who harm the people. Confucius said: "The two principles are benevolence and unbenevolence." What's more, the body is in danger and the country is weakened, and the name is "You" and "Li". Although he is a filial son and a loving grandson, he cannot change it for a hundred generations. . ”
Mencius said: “Three dynasties gained the world with benevolence, and lost the world with unkindness. The same is true for the reason why the country was destroyed, prospered, and perished. The emperor was unkind and did not protect the world; the princes were unkind and did not protect the country; the ministers and officials were unkind and did not protect the country. Ancestral Temple: The common people are not benevolent and do not protect their four bodies. Today, if you hate death but enjoy it without being benevolent, it is like being drunk and strong with wine. "
Mencius said: "Loving others without being close to them is contrary to benevolence; not treating others well is contrary to wisdom; etiquette. If people don't answer, those who fail to respect and behave will seek others from themselves, and the world will return to them if they are upright. "Poetry" says: "Always say that you are destined to seek more blessings."
Mencius said: "People have permanence." They all say, "The foundation of the world is the country, the foundation of the country is at home, and the foundation of the family is in the body."
Mencius said: "It is not difficult to govern, and you should not offend a wealthy family. What you admire about a wealthy family is one." The country admires it; what a country admires is admired by the world; therefore, moral education spreads all over the world. "
Mencius said: "If there is a way in the world, a small virtue will serve a great virtue, and a small virtuous will serve a great virtuous; if there is no way in the world, a small servant will serve. The weak and the strong are the two of them. Those who obey the heavens will survive, and those who go against the heavens will perish. Qi Jinggong said: "It is impossible to command and not obey the orders." A small country would be ashamed to receive an order from a big country. This is why a disciple would be ashamed to receive an order from his predecessor. It would be better to study under King Wen. If a big country takes five years and a small country takes seven years, he will be able to govern the world. "The grandson of Shang is extremely beautiful. God has ordered him to obey the Zhou Dynasty. The emperor of Yin has a sensitive skin and is naked in the capital." If you love benevolence, you will be invincible in the world. "If you want to be invincible in the world without benevolence, it is like holding on to heat and not taking care of yourself." "Who can hold on to heat and not take care of himself when he is gone?"
Mencius said: " How can we talk to those who are not benevolent? If we are willing to talk to those who are not benevolent, how can we save our country and ruin our family? "The water in Canglang is turbid, you can wash it with me." Confucius said, "Listen to me, if you wash the tassel with water, it's enough to wash it with water." Madam, you must insult yourself, and then others will insult you. It will destroy itself, and then others will destroy it; the country will destroy itself, and then others will destroy it. "Taijia" says: "If heaven does evil, you can still disobey it; if you do evil yourself, you will not live."
Mencius said: " When Jie and Zhou lost the world, they also lost their people; those who lost their people also lost their hearts. There is a way to win the world: if you win the people, you will win the world; if you win the people, there is a way: if you win the hearts, you will win the people. There is a way in his heart: "Gather with him what you want, and don't do to him what you want to do." The people's return to benevolence is like water flowing down and beasts running away. Therefore, those who drive fish in the deep are called otters; those who drive nobles in Cong are called partridges; those who drive people in Tang and Wu are Jie and Zhou. If there are benevolent kings in the world today, then all the princes will be driven away. Although you want to have no king, you have no choice but to do so.Those who desire to be king today are like those who have been sick for seven years and seek moxa for three years. If you are not an animal, you will never live in it. If you don't aspire to be benevolent, you will be worried about humiliation all your life, and you will fall into death. "Poetry" says: "How can he be a kind person? He will be humble and drowned." ” This is what is called. ”
Mencius said: “Those who abuse themselves cannot be talked to; those who abandon themselves cannot be talked about. If words are not etiquette and righteousness, it is called self-violation; if I cannot live in benevolence and righteousness, it is called self-abandonment. Benevolence is the nature of human beings. A safe house is also a right path for a person. It is a pity to live in a deserted house and not be able to follow the right path. "
Mencius said: "The road is near, but it is far away, and things are easy, but it is difficult. Everyone loves it. If one is close to one another, the world will be at peace."
Mencius said: "If you live in a lower position and don't get it from above, the people will not be able to get it. If you get it from above, you can't get it if you don't trust your friends. You can't get it from above. Trust your friends. If you have the Tao, you will not be pleased with your relatives, and you will not trust your friends. If you are sincere, you will be displeased with your relatives. If you are sincere, you will not be sincere. It is the way to think sincerely. It is the way to be sincere and not to move. If you are not sincere, there is no way to move."
Mencius said: "Bo Yi was living on the shore of Beihai, and he heard that King Wen was writing. , Xing said: "Yong Gui is here! I heard that Xibo is good at caring for the elderly." Taigong Pi Zhou lived on the shore of the East Sea. When he heard about King Wen's work, Xing said, "Yong Gui is here!" I heard that Xibo is good at caring for the elderly. When the great elder of the world returns, the father of the world returns. How can his son go? If the princes carry out the government of King Wen, he will rule the world within seven years."
Mencius said: "Qiuye is the governor of the Ji family. He can't change his virtue, so he gives him as much grain as the sun. Confucius said: "Qiuye is not my disciple. It's okay for a boy to beat the drum and attack." From this point of view, If you do not practice benevolent government and become rich, you will abandon Confucius. How about fighting for the land? If you fight for the land, you will kill people to fill the fields. If you fight for the city, you will kill people for the city. This so-called taking advantage of the land and eating human flesh is not a crime. Death. Therefore, those who are good at fighting will be punished, and those who join the feudal lords will be the second best. Those who live in grassland and take care of the land will be the second best. "
Mencius said: "There is no good thing in the eyes. The eyes cannot hide the evil. The heart is right. If the eyes are dull and the chest is not straight, then the eyes are dim. If you listen to his words and look at his eyes, how can he be thin? "
Mencius said: "Those who are respectful do not insult others, and those who are thrifty do not take away from others. Sir, are you afraid of being disrespectful and being respectful and thrifty? How can being respectful and frugal be used with a smile and a smile? "Chun Yu Kun asked: "Men and women are not intimate when giving and receiving."
Mencius said: "It is also a courtesy."
said: " If your sister-in-law drowns, do you give her a hand? "
said: "If your sister-in-law doesn't help you, you are like a jackal. It is a courtesy for a man to give and receive without being intimate; if your sister-in-law drowns, if you help her, it is a right."
said: "Today If you are drowning, why won't you help me? "
said: "If the world is drowning, help it with the way; if your sister-in-law is drowning, do you want to help the world with your hands?"
Gongsun Chou said: "A gentleman does not teach his children. , why? "
Mencius said: "If the power is not upright, the teacher must be righteous. If righteousness is not achieved, anger will follow. Anger will lead to rebellion. "Master taught me to be righteous, but Master did not come out of it." Righteousness. "This is when father and son are in conflict with each other, which is evil. In ancient times, the father and the son were not responsible for the good. If you are responsible for good things, you will leave, and if you leave, it will be unlucky. "
Mencius said: "What is the greatest thing? To serve one's relatives is the greatest; to protect one's body is the greatest. To serve one's relatives without losing one's body is the greatest. I have heard of those who can serve one's relatives without losing one's body; to serve one's relatives without losing one's body is the greatest. I haven't heard of him. Who doesn't care about relatives, which is the basis of affairs? Who doesn't care about one's body? If you ask if there is anything left, you will say, "Yes." Zeng Xi died, and Zeng Yuan raised Zeng Zi, and he will have wine and meat. . This is called nourishing one's mouth and body. If one is like Zengzi, it can be said that one is like Zengzi."
Mencius said: "People are not suitable, and politics is not enough. Only adults can do it. The king's heart is wrong. A king must be benevolent; a king must be righteous; a king must be upright. A country will be stable if it is a righteous king."
Mencius said: "There is a reputation for being unfaithful, and there is a reputation for seeking perfection."
Mencius said. : "When a man changes his words, there is no need to blame his ears."
Mencius said: "The trouble for a man is to be a teacher."
Le Zhengzi followed the same line as Zi Ao.
Le Zhengzi met Mencius.Mencius said: "Master, have you come to see me?"
said: "Why do you say this, sir?"
said: "How many days has it been since Master came?"
said: "In the past."
said: "In the past. "Isn't it appropriate for me to say this?"
said: "The residence has not yet been decided."
said: "I heard that the residence has been decided, and then I want to see the elders?"
said: "It is guilty."
Mencius said to Yue Zhengzi: "The son came from Zi'ao and only ate and sucked. I don't want him to learn the ancient way and feed himself."
Mencius said: "There are three kinds of unfilial piety, and having no descendants is the greatest. Shun Marrying without complaining means you have no heirs. A gentleman thinks that you should complain."
Mencius said: "The true meaning of benevolence is to serve one's relatives; the true meaning of righteousness is to follow one's elders; the true meaning of wisdom is to know that neither of these can be ignored. "The reality of etiquette is the two of them; the reality of happiness is the two of happiness and happiness. If happiness is born, it will be evil. If it is evil, it will be dissatisfied."
Mencius said: "The great joy of the world will return to oneself, and the joy of the world will return to oneself, which is like a straw, but Shun did it. If you don't want relatives, you can't be a man; if you don't obey relatives, you can't be a son. Shun did everything he could to serve relatives. The way is to look down upon him, and the world will be transformed, and the world will be determined by father and son. This is called great filial piety."
Chapter 08 of "Mencius" Li Louxia
Mencius said: "Shun was born in Zhufeng, moved to Fuxia, and died in Mingtiao, and he was a member of the Eastern Yi. King Wen was born in Qizhou and died in Biying, and he was a member of the Western Yi. The land is separated from each other, and there are more than a thousand miles; the world The prime minister has more than a thousand years of life. If he is determined to travel to China, he will be a saint first and then a saint. "
Zichan listens to the government of Zheng and helps people in Qinwei. Mencius said: "Hui does not know how to govern. In the eleventh month of the year, the barristers will be established; in the twelfth month, the public will be established, and the people will not be affected by illness. A gentleman is responsible for his administration, and he can guide others in his actions. How can he win over everyone and help them?" Therefore, it is not enough for a ruler to please everyone."
Mencius told King Xuan of Qi: "If the king treats his ministers like his hands and feet, then his ministers will regard him as his heart; Treat the king like a countryman; if the king treats his ministers like dirt, then the ministers will treat the king like a bandit."
The king said: "Etiquette, I have to obey the old king, how can I obey you like this?"
said: "Listen to your advice and words. , the blessings are given to the people; if you leave for a reason, you will lead them out of the territory and go there first; if you don't turn back after three years, you will take them back to the fields. This is called the three etiquettes. If so, you will be obeyed. Come on. Now I am a minister, but I don’t do what I say, and I don’t listen to my words. I don’t care about the people. If I leave for a reason, I will stick to it and stick to it. When I leave, I will collect it in the field. It is called enemy and enemy. How can one submit to enemy?"
Mencius said: "If you kill the people without guilt, then the officials can go; if you kill the people without guilt, the people can move away."
Mencius said: "Everyone is benevolent. "The king is righteous, and nothing is unjust."
Mencius said: "It is not polite and righteous, and you should not do it."
Mencius said: "If you can't raise your talents, you can't raise your talents. Therefore, people like to have virtuous fathers and brothers. . If you give up the middle and fail to hit the mark, you will not be able to give up the talent, and the virtuous and unworthy will be separated. "
Mencius said: "There are things that people do not do, and then they can do something."
Mencius said: "Speaking of people. If you are not good, what will happen in the future?"
Mencius said: "Zhong Ni is not too bad."
Mencius said: "Sir, words do not need to be believed, actions do not have results, only righteousness lies."
Mencius said: "Sir, He who does not lose his innocent heart."
Mencius said: "Keeping one's health is not a big deal, but dying can be a big deal."
Mencius said: "A gentleman learns deeply about the Tao, and wants to achieve it by himself. , then you will live in peace; if you live in peace, you will have deep qualifications; if you have deep qualifications, you will be able to find the right and left sides, so the gentleman wants to get what he wants."
Mencius said: "Educate yourself and explain it in detail, and I will explain it in reverse. "Covenant."
Mencius said: "No one can convince others by being kind; if you nourish people with kindness, you can conquer the world. There is no such thing as a king who is not convinced by the world."
Mencius said: " Words that are not true are ominous, and the ominous truth conceals the wise. Xu Zi said: "Zhongni urgently called the water, saying: "Water, water!" How can it be taken from water?"
Mencius said: "The source is wandering around, day and night, filling up the branches and then advancing, spreading to the four seas.If there is a nature, it is like this, so take it. Gou has no roots. The rains gather in July and August, and the ditches and ditches are full. If they dry up, they can stand and wait. Therefore, if a voice hears someone who has shown love, a gentleman will be ashamed of it.
Mencius said: "The reason why humans are different from beasts is that the common people have gone away, but the gentlemen have kept them. Shun understood common people, observed human relations, and acted based on benevolence and righteousness, but he did not practice benevolence and righteousness."
Mencius said: "Yu was evil. He is good at drinking wine and good at speaking. King Wen treats the people as if they are injured and does not care about the road. King Wu does not forget the distance and the three kings. If it does not match, look up and think about it day and night; if you are lucky enough to find it, sit down and wait for the day."
Mencius said: "The traces of the king faded and the "Poetry" died, and the "Poetry" died and then the "Spring and Autumn" was written. The "Cheng" of the Jin Dynasty. , Chu's "Mu Shou Piao", Lu's "Spring and Autumn", one; its affairs are Qi Huan and Jin Wen, and its writing is history. Confucius said: "The meaning is stolen by Qiu."
Mencius said: "A gentleman's benefit will be beheaded for five generations, and a villain's benefit will be beheaded for five generations. I am still a disciple of Confucius, but I am a private and virtuous person."
Mencius said: "You can take it, you can not take it, taking it hurts integrity; you can. With, you can do without, and with hurt benefits; you can die, you can not die, death hurts bravery."
I learned from Yi when I met him, and practiced Yi's way. I thought that Yi was the only one in the world, so I killed Yi. Mencius said: "Is Yi Yi guilty?"
Gong Mingyi said: "It would be better if he was innocent."
said: "How can I say that he is not guilty of evil? The people of Zheng sent Zi Zhuo Ruzi to invade the Wei, and the Wei sent Yu Gong to him. He was chasing him. Zi Zhuo Ruzi said, "Today I am too busy to hold my bow, and I will die." He asked his servant, "Who is chasing me?" His servant said, "This is Mr. Yu." He said, "I am born." His servant said, "Yu Gong's Si is the one who is good at shooting. Master said, I am born." He said, "Yu Gong's Si learned shooting from Yin Gong's others, and Yin Gong's others learned from me." "You have to take care of your friends." Yu Gong came and said, "Master, why don't you hold the bow?" He said, "I am working hard today, so I can't hold the bow." He said, "I learned how to shoot from Yin Gong." He, Yin Gong, learned to shoot from Master. I can't bear to use Master's way to harm Master. Although, today's matter is your business, I dare not abolish it." "
Mencius said: "If Xizi is unclean, everyone will cover their noses and pass by. Even if there are evil people, if they all abstain from fasting and bathing, they can worship God."
Mencius said: "The nature of speech in the world is just that. . Therefore, benefit is the basis. What is bad for a wise man is like a wise man walking on water, and there is nothing wrong with being a wise man. If you do nothing, your wisdom will be great. The sky is high and the stars are far away. If you ask for it, you can sit down and pay tribute when you are a thousand years old. . When entering the school, there are those who go on to talk to the Right Master, and there are those who assume the position of the Right Master and talk to the Right Master. Mencius did not talk to Youshi, and Youshi was displeased and said: "All the gentlemen talked to Huan, but Mencius alone did not talk to Huan. This is Jian Huan." When Mencius heard this, he said: "Li, the court does not talk to each other according to the position. "I want to bow to each other without crossing the steps. Isn't it different for Zi'ao to treat me as a simple person?"
Mencius said: "The reason why a gentleman is different from others is because of his intention. A gentleman's intention is based on benevolence and etiquette. . A benevolent person loves others, and a polite person respects others. Those who love others will always love them; those who respect others will always respect them. If someone treats me in a treacherous manner, then a gentleman will be self-defeating: I will be unkind and disrespectful. Also, is it appropriate to be ridiculed? It turns out to be benevolent, and it is polite to do so. A gentleman must be self-reliant. "This is also a mistake for people. If so, what's the problem with animals?" Therefore, a gentleman has a lifetime of worries, but if he has any worries, he will have them. Yes; I am also a human being. Shun's law can be passed down to future generations, so I am a native of the country, so I can worry about it. If Shun is in trouble, he will die. It is neither benevolent nor polite. If there is trouble in one day, a gentleman will not suffer. "
When Yu and Ji were in peace, they would pass through the door three times without entering. Confucius was wise. When Yan Zi was in troubled times, he lived in a back alley, eating from a basket and drinking from a ladle. People could not bear their worries, but Yan Zi did not change his joy, and Confucius was wise.Mencius said: "Yu, Ji, and Yan returned to the same way. Yu thought that there were drowning people in the world, and he drowned them himself; Ji thought that there were hungry people in the world, and he was hungry, so this was the reason for his urgency. Yu, Ji, and Yanzi changed places. It's all true. If someone in the same room fights, it's OK to save him even if he is given a tassel to save him. If there is a fight in the neighbor's house, if he is given a tassel to save him, it's okay. Even if he closes his house, it's okay. ”
Gongduzi said: “Kuang Zhang is said to be unfilial by the whole country. Master is traveling with him and is polite to him. Why do you dare to ask?” Mencius said: “In the world, there are five unfilial persons, and four are lazy. The first is unfilial piety, regardless of the support of one's parents; the second is unfilial piety, being fond of playing games and drinking, and ignoring the support of one's parents; the third unfilial piety, being fond of money and wealth, having a private wife, and ignoring the support of one's parents, the third unfilial piety; following the desires of the ears and eyes, killing one's parents, the fourth unfilial piety Being very brave and fighting is a sign of being unfilial. Is there anything wrong with Zhang Zi? The son and the father blame each other for the good, and this is the way of friends; the father and the son blame the husband for their kindness. Zhangzi, don't you want to have a wife and mother? If you want to offend your father, you will not be able to get close to your wife, and you will not be able to support him for the rest of your life. If you think it is not the case, then it is a serious sin, but it is just Zhangzi. . 》
Zengzi lived in Wucheng, and there were Yue bandits. Or he said: "The invaders are coming, and I am going to kill them all?" He said: "There is no one in my house, and I have destroyed the fuel wood." When the invaders retreated, he said: "Repair my walls and house, and I will rebel." The invaders retreated, and Zengzi rebelled. . He said to the left and right: "If you, sir, are so loyal and respectful, if the invaders arrive, go first to gain popularity with the people; if the invaders retreat, then turn against them, which is a very serious matter." Shen Youxing said, "This is not what you know. In the past, Shen Youyou had a responsibility." Chu's misfortune was caused by the seventy people who followed him. "
Zisi lived in Wei, and there were Qi invaders. Or it may be said: "When the bandits arrive, are they all gone?" Zisi said: "If it is like a siege, who will guard it?"
Mencius said: "Zengzi and Zisi think of the same way. Zengzi is a teacher, a father and an elder brother; Zisi is a minister. Yes, Wei Ye. This is what Zengzi and Zi thought about when they changed places."
Chu Zi said: "The king sent people to punish the master, is it different from others?"
Mencius said: "Why is it different from others? Yao and Shun were different. "People have the same ears."
If a person in Qi has a wife and a concubine, and his husband comes out, he will be full of wine and meat and then turn against him. If his wife asked him about food and drink, he would be rich and noble. His wife told her concubine: "When a beloved man comes out, he will feast on wine and meat and then turn back. Anyone who asks for food and drink is rich and noble, but no one has come. I will keep the beloved man in his place." , Give to a good man, and there is no one in the country who can talk to him. When the deceased died in the palace of Dongguo, those who offered sacrifices begged for the rest; if they were not enough, they would take care of them. This is the way to satisfy themselves. His wife returned home and told her concubine, "A good man is someone you look up to for the rest of your life, and now it's like this." She and her concubine talked to the people about their beloved man, and wept together in the courtyard, but the beloved man didn't know it and gave him alms. They come from outside and are proud of their wives and concubines.
From the perspective of a gentleman, the reason why people seek wealth and success is that their wives and concubines are not ashamed, and it is rare that they do not cry with each other.
Idioms in the book
The language in "Mencius", including metaphors and fables used to help reason, were mostly quoted by later generations and gradually turned into idioms.
"The King Hui of Liang, Part 1"
Traveling thousands of miles, taking fifty steps to laugh at a hundred steps,
Mencius classics
The founder of the terracotta warriors, looking for fish from the tree, leading and looking, holding Mount Tai to reach the North Sea, outnumbered
"The King Hui of Liang, Part 2"
Wife Isolated, the courage of an ordinary man, reneging on one's words, enjoying the joy of the people, taking care of others, saving people from fire and water, eating pots of pulp, lingering and forgetting to return
"Gongsun Chou"
pulling the seedlings to encourage growth, getting twice the result with half the effort, being outstanding, being kind to others, relieving the people, concrete and subtle, I am sincerely convinced, but I want to seek help from myself.
"The Lower Gongsun Chou"
That time, this time (this time, that time), there will be many helpers for the right way, but few help for the wrong way. The location and people are favorable, who else but me, it is more than enough
"Teng Wen Gong"
To be rich and unkind, to help each other
"Teng Wen Gong"
The orders of parents, the words of matchmakers, treacherous ministers and traitors, taunting the people and punishing people
"Li Lou Shang"
Driving fish in the abyss, abandoning oneself, not having the reputation of being unworthy, there are three kinds of unfilial piety, having no heirs is the most important, dancing with joy, Those who obey nature will survive, and those who defy nature will perish. Why do you say this?
Chen Shan Shun Xie
"Li Lou Xia"
A pure heart likes to be a teacher for others, not for oneself. Xianjue
"Wan Zhang Xia"
However, he is disrespectful, knows people and discusses the world
"Gaozi Shang"
is dedicated to one's ambitions, sacrifices one's life for righteousness, and can only bring a drop in water
"Gaozi 2"
Treat one's neighbor as beggar and reject others from thousands of miles away
" Give all your heart to "
Take care of yourself alone , I am accustomed to not observing, it is self-evident, it leads but does not send out, benevolent people love things, it is urgent, don’t pull out a hair
" wholeheartedly "
Believe in the book, it is better to have no book, the enlightenment is sudden, the words are close and the purpose is far-reaching, and the same trend is followed
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