On May 28, the senior students of Guangzhou No. 3 Middle School were doing their final sprint before the college entrance examination. People's Vision
Due to its distinctive characteristics of the times, college entrance examination essay questions are often hailed as "the vane of the times" and have become the focus of scholarly research and public discussion. The same is true for the science propositions of the college entrance examination. Although they are not as frequently discussed in the streets as the Chinese composition questions, from the changes in the science propositions of the college entrance examination in recent years, we can still clearly capture the development of the times and the changes in educational concepts.
- Editor
"Real situations" and "real questions" guide students out of the study
Before the college entrance examination is the stage with the richest knowledge reserves in life. As soon as the college entrance examination is over, all the knowledge learned is returned to the teacher. Although this statement is a joke, it also exposes from one side the embarrassing status quo of the disconnect between what is learned, what is tested, and what is used in life. On the one hand, the content learned and tested cannot be used in daily life; on the other hand, students’ poor hands-on ability and insufficient practical ability have caused my country’s basic education to be criticized.
In recent years, the science test papers of the college entrance examination have been working hard to transform, so that the concept of "close to society, close to the times, and close to the reality of the candidates" has become the idea that runs through the entire college entrance examination proposition.
Taking this year’s college entrance examination questions as an example, the National Mathematics Paper states that “The probability of one day’s air quality being excellent is 0.75, and the probability of two consecutive days being excellent is 0.6. If you know that today’s air quality is excellent, then tomorrow’s air quality will be excellent.” What is the probability? "This test question not only fits the hot social issue of air quality, but also is based on allowing candidates to understand the application value of statistics and probability. At the same time, this year’s mathematics test questions also cover the purchase of equipment, the per capita net income of rural households, and participation in public welfare activities. We have seen that paying attention to real social hot issues has become an important feature of this year's college entrance examination mathematics test questions, and strives to test students' ability to apply mathematical tools and methods to solve practical problems by solving hot social issues.
Taking the Beijing paper as an example again, the chemistry test questions use the labels, illustrations and classifications of chemicals as carriers to test students' understanding and application of the properties of matter, emphasizing practice with real situations in daily life and reducing the distance from real life. ; The physics test questions show the common situational questions in life of "holding up an object with your flat palm and throwing it". The biology test questions use the physiological reactions produced during winter swimming as the situation, and draw from the real situations of life and production, experimental observation, and natural experience. , to test students’ ability to connect with reality and deepen application of knowledge.
"Through real production and life situations, raising valuable and real subject issues not only pays attention to the development of students' subject professionalism, but also allows students to realize the application value of subject education." Qin, a teaching researcher at the Fengtai Branch of Beijing Institute of Education Lin’s views confirm what the mathematician Mr. Jiang Boju of Peking University once proposed to bring “the beauty of mathematics into life” so that knowledge is not limited to the study room but can be used by students, thereby making thinking more rational and life becoming A better view.
"'Real situations' and 'real questions' can also promote the fairness of the college entrance examination to a certain extent and break the teaching model of question sea tactics." Shi Yapu, a physics teacher at Chen Jinglun Middle School in Beijing, believes that the starting point for candidates in the "new situation" is Similarly, everyone has never been exposed to practice questions. They have to analyze and solve problems on the spot, which can more truly examine the students' ability level, and the college entrance examination will be fairer. There will be no market for those strategies that try to use the question sea tactic to solve problems and challenge questions. To a certain extent, the problem of the question sea tactic can also be solved.
Experts pointed out that adapting to social needs, integrating with productive labor and social practice, and focusing on the development of educational connotations are new requirements imposed by the times on the college entrance examination proposition. The propositional characteristics of “real situations” and “real problems” in the science subjects of the college entrance examination have reflected the efforts of the education authorities to improve students’ practical and innovative abilities through the college entrance examination baton.
The humanistic spirit is drawn into the new coordinates of the college entrance examination
The cultivation of humanistic qualities and humanistic feelings is only a function carried by the liberal arts content of the college entrance examination. This view has long been outdated.In recent years, the proposition ideas of any subject in the college entrance examination have been permeated with the guidance of the younger generation's social responsibility awareness, the guidance of values, and the penetration of the humanistic spirit.
"What impressed me most about the 2014 biology test questions was not the biology test questions themselves but the embodiment of the humanistic spirit behind them." Guan Xu, a biology teacher at the Middle School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, told reporters, "Take question 31 of the Beijing Science Comprehensive Test Paper as an example. The question is based on the situation of evaluating the effect of a certain vaccine. It not only tests students' basic biological knowledge, but more importantly, it inspires students how to apply the biological knowledge they have learned to their personal health. It is full of humanistic care. "
Spiritual orientation is also reflected in respect for students. In Guan Xu's view, this respect is first reflected in the technical processing of the questions. The text description of the test questions is concise and smooth, and does not deliberately create reading difficulties for the candidates in terms of language; the test questions create situations that are easy for students to understand, and use words that are easy for students to understand and be familiar with. The way of expression tests students' thinking ability and allows students to feel the peacefulness and intimacy of the test questions.
"Respect is also reflected in facing up to the individual differences of students, meeting the diverse needs of students' personalized development, and building a display platform for students of different levels." Chen Lei, a physics teaching researcher at the Fengtai Branch of the Beijing Institute of Education, said, "The difficulty of the propositions has been reduced in recent years. "The step-by-step difficulty setting of the questions can better distinguish and identify students with different personalities, which can better realize the selection function and is more conducive to students' personality development," said Tao Changhong of the Basic Teaching and Research Center of the Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences. He said that the in-depth "gradient" questioning format can effectively enable students to come up with ideas, express their ideas, and develop their abilities, and pay more attention to people-oriented.
"In recent years, the college entrance examination questions also convey the concept of cultivating qualified citizens, focusing on guiding and cultivating the environmental awareness, social responsibility and excellent personal qualities of the younger generation." Qin Lin emphasized many times in the interview, "There are many questions about PM2.5 in the college entrance examination questions. The test questions with the background of environmental pollution and resource utilization convey not only the test of subject professionalism, but more importantly, the cultivation of qualified citizens. At the same time, in terms of proposition materials, the propositions focus on the integration of teaching material resources and social resources to guide teaching. Returning to a certain extent encourages students to calm down and form good qualities of solid study and down-to-earth conduct. "
The college entrance examination is a weather vane and a baton. It not only carries the important mission of examining and selecting talents, but also carries the important responsibility of guiding the basic education stage to become more healthy and rational. Obviously, through the college entrance examination questions, it is of far-reaching and important significance to convey social responsibility awareness at the important "turning point" of life.
"Knowledge-based" selection has changed the story
Is the college entrance examination testing knowledge or ability? This is a proposition that has been accompanying the college entrance examination reform for many years. If while testing knowledge, the ability of candidates should be tested as scientifically as possible, this will also be a difficult point in the college entrance examination.
Reading the college entrance examination science papers in recent years, it is not difficult to find that the trend of changes in college entrance examination questions has reflected the shift in talent selection methods and standards from "knowledge-based" to "ability-based".
"The mathematics propositions of the college entrance examination in recent years have become more lively, reflecting the characteristics of 'calculating less and thinking more' and highlighting thinking." Gong Haosheng, a mathematics teacher at Chen Jinglun Middle School in Beijing, said, "The probability and statistics question in the 16th question of the Beijing paper is a continuous question in the Beijing test. The highlights of the years, from the data table processing with garbage collection as the background in 2012, to the chart analysis with environmental pollution as the background in 2013, to this year's table analysis with shooting data as the background, are all closely related to reality, and the topics The expressions are often new and unconventional. They not only reflect the literacy of mathematics disciplines, but also test the ability to extract and integrate information, solve calculations, analyze and solve problems, and judge and reason about facts. Question 20 is information that reflects the awareness of innovation. Transfer-type questions are asked step by step and have clear levels. The last question only requires writing the results and does not require proof. It focuses on testing the ability to comprehensively grasp the essence of the problem. There are no conventional routines, which is conducive to testing the candidates' innovative consciousness and ability."
" In recent years, the college entrance examination chemistry test questions have also attached great importance to the integration of teaching material resources and social resources, highlighting the chemical thinking and methods contained in the teaching materials, and effectively promoting quality education. "Qin Lin said: "Take Question 26 of the Beijing Volume as an example. The question integrates the main knowledge of the textbook and conducts a comprehensive examination, which reflects the use of subject principles and subject thinking methods, and promotes the promotion of knowledge-based cognition to method-based cognition. Knowledge, apparent cognition rises to essential cognition. "
"Please spread the wings of your imagination and give an example of the principle in the application question. It is a question that has appeared in the college entrance examination physics in recent years," Shi Yapu said. "The questions on the wings of imagination are open to a certain extent, which is conducive to students' exertion. Imagination and cultivating creative thinking are consistent with the goal of cultivating quality talents. "
From "knowledge conception" to "ability conception", from single-dimensional assessment of knowledge points to comprehensive examination of comprehensive abilities, over the years, the change in the direction of the "baton" of the college entrance examination not only marks the gradual maturity of the science propositions in my country's college entrance examination, but also It embodies the pace of quality education in our country.
is committed to respecting the individual differences of students, being closer to reality, highlighting practical and hands-on abilities, and guiding students to become more humanistic and become qualified citizens in the future. The mission is really not just to let thousands of troops cross the single-plank bridge. From this perspective, the task of reforming the college entrance examination still has a long way to go. (Zhao Wei Na and Wei Zhezhe)
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